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小型開放經濟體系總體經濟政策之研究 / Estimating the Effects of Fiscal Policy in a Small Open Economy: The Case of Taiwan李麗華 Unknown Date (has links)
本文建立小型開放經濟體系的VAR模型,利用符號限制法(Sign Restrictions)認定財政政策衝擊,評估台灣財政政策的總體經濟效果。符號限制法係利用對衝擊反應函數做符號限制的方式認定財政衝擊,對關心的變數如:實質GDP、民間消費、民間投資、貿易收支等變數對財政政策衝擊的反應則不設限制,讓資料來回答。本研究參酌Mountford and Uhlig(2009)及Ho and Yeh(2010)的方式認定總合供給衝擊、總合需求衝擊、貨幣政策衝擊、政府支出衝擊以及政府收入衝擊。研究結果發現,政府支出衝擊對民間投資短期會產生排擠效果,中長期(二十季)則有提振的效果。政府支出衝擊引發短期名目利率上漲,國外資金流入,實質有效匯率上升,貿易收支因而下跌。政府支出衝擊對於實質GDP一開始有正向效果,但排擠效果短期會使實質GDP下跌,一旦政府支出帶動中長期民間投資後,對實質GDP有正向效果,但並不顯著。
政府收入衝擊短期對實質GDP、民間消費、民間投資有正向效果,中長期的效果為負。若以政府支出衝擊細項來看,政府消費支出衝擊對實質GDP有顯著提振的效果,政府投資支出衝擊對於實質GDP的助益十分有限。
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關稅訊息的總體效果 / Macroeconomic Effects of News on Tariff劉至誠, Liu, Chih Cheng Unknown Date (has links)
本文建構一個小型開放的經濟體系,價格具有僵固性的 DSGE 模型來探討提早釋出的關稅調降訊息所造成總體經濟面的影響。在政府簽訂貿易協定來降低關稅的訊息藉由媒體釋出時,同時民眾具理性預期的假設下,家計單位會因這樣的訊息而改變對未來的預期,在關稅還未實際調降時便改變行為決策。我們研究在不同的協商可能結果: (1)談判破裂,貿易協定未如預期簽訂。(2)談判成功,但貿易協定簽訂的結果比當初訊息所透露的降得更多或較少。(3)談判成功,並完全實現當初訊息的內容。(4)簽訂的時間高於預期,導致實行的時間延期。從結果中我們發現,提早釋出的關稅訊息會抑制民眾的消費和投資,在短期會立即造成需求面的負向衝擊。而降低關稅所帶來的市場活絡,會等到真正調降的時後才出現。所以越早釋出關稅調降的訊息,會造成經濟體系所需付出“等待政策實行的成本”越大。 / There is global trend of economic integration across the world by removing the trade barrier. While the free trade agreements normally include the tariff reduction, the negotiations of the agreement may take a long time, and in some cases, the negotiation may fail. Therefore, the tariff reduction’s effects on the economy can be different if it is realized as expectation or not. With a small open economy DSGE model, this paper examines the effects of news preannouncement on tariffs. With the assumption of rational expectation, households will change their expectation when the news of tariff decrement is preannounced. However, whether or not the news on tariffs can be realized as expectation will lead to different dynamics. In this study, we consider various plausible scenarios: (1) If negotiation fails, thus the news on tariff reduction is not realized (2) If negotiation succeeds, but the amount of actual decrement is more or less than people originally expected. (3) Negotiation succeeds and the content of news is fully
realized. (4) Negotiation succeeds, but it takes more time than expected to be realized, thus the policy implementation is postponed. Our study reveals that the news preannouncement restrains consumption and investment before the negotiation is completed, and leads to a negative impact on the economy in the short run. The benefits of the tariff decrement appear if the policy is
actually implemented as expected. However, the economy suffers more if the negotiation takes too much time after the news is released.
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外匯市場干預下的總體經濟政策效果 : 資產市場模型吳珍琪, Wu, Zhen-Qi Unknown Date (has links)
本篇論文旨在開放經濟體系下,以貨幣分析法、資產選擇分析法、國際收支分析法之
三種理論,探討市場匯率之決定及影響之因素;當國際收支失衡時,貨幣當局運用何
種干預政策,使經濟體系達到最適狀況。全文分為五章討論。
第一章為緒論。
第二章乃在貨幣分析法下,探討在基本假設下及放棄某些假設時,匯率之決定;實施
干預時,影響匯率的程度。
第三章乃在資產選擇分析法下,探討匯率之決定及影響的因素;干預政策對匯率有影
響。
第四章是在國際收支分析法下,討論匯率之決定,干預政策對匯率有影響。
第五章則為結論。
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