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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

我國環保團體應用政府開放資料促進永續發展情形 / The condition of applying open data for sustainable development by environmental groups in Taiwan

王珏琄 Unknown Date (has links)
開放政府資料 (Open Government Data)現已成各國治理趨勢,政府盼藉開放所持資料,允許民間加值應用後,能夠促進公民參與、刺激創新發展、改善社會問題。聯合國2016年電子化政府報告指出透過政府開放資料可望實現永續發展指標,其中環境議題的永續發展為重點目標之一。我國政府開放資料表現亮眼,於2015年獲得全球開放資料普查(2015 Global Open Data Index)第一名的佳績,惟與世界各國的開放資料政策面臨相同的「缺乏使用者」的問題。因此本研究欲瞭解我國環保團體作為環境議題的主要倡議者,其應用環境開放資料推動永續發展情形。 本研究採半結構式訪談法,以我國有/無使用環境開放資料的環保團體及資料處理專家為對象進行訪談,瞭解其使用或不使用開放資料推動永續發展訴求之因素。透過本研究訪談成果發現,主要因素有四:一為使用動機,若該環團訴求為改善整體環境政策,亟需精準環境資料佐證,才有動機使用開放資料,若其訴求為個案議題即沒有動機使用;二為環團內部數據分析人才,若環團內部有基本數據分析人才,將有助環團瞭解開放資料對其環境訴求助益,有利於後續推廣應用;三為環團對政府開放的資料正確性仍有不信任感,即便使用亦是抱持交叉查證心態使用;四為政府開放的環境資料專業門檻高,環團應有一定的環境專業才能夠解讀及應用開放資料。
2

開放政府資料授權條款之研究 / Licensing Open Government Data

裘雅心, Chiu, Ya Hsin Unknown Date (has links)
「開放政府資料」在概念上將資料處理以及網際網路傳輸的概念應用到政府治理,以符合開放標準之要求釋出政府資料,提升政府資料使用效率並加速行政革新,有效提升人民生活品質並促進社會經濟發展,讓施政透明度、公眾參與以及國家可課責性之訴求能夠確實實踐並賦予新的內涵。 開放政府資料最初源自於各式民間社群之倡議,隨著時間演進各國政府也紛紛將此概念納入國家政策將其提升至國家施政目標。美國和英國為目前開放政府資料政策實踐最成熟的先驅國家,為各國政府研擬相關政策的效仿對象,其他後起之秀有加拿大與澳洲,台灣也自2012年後開始推動相關政策。從各國政策實踐經驗中可以發現,開放政府資料在政策實踐上必須考量政府資料盤點、平台網站架設、資料格式、資料授權、是否收費以及其他政策推行時政府機關內部的溝通協調以及外部推廣時的各式議題。 本文針對其中授權議題,採用文獻蒐集暨文獻比較法,將目前各國政府實施開放政府資料所採用較具有代表性之開放政府資料授權條款或使用規則,像是創用CC授權條款中的CC-BY以及CC-BY-SA、ODbL、英國OGL、加拿大OGL、法國Licence ouverte以及挪威NLOD進行條款要件之比較與綜合分析,發現目前開放政府資料授權實務廣泛將公眾授權條款之概念應用在政府資料授權釋出,惟政府資料種類繁雜,在使用上亦受到既有法律與行政規則之箝制,使得目前民間社群發展之授權條款無法全盤規範政府資料釋出,而採用各國政府自行制定的使用規則雖然得有效配合當地法制達到因地制宜之效,但條款內容難以統一,使得採用不同條款釋出政府資料進行再次改作將產生條款相容性之隱憂。 考量開放政府資料的訴求為強調任何人對於資料使用不應受任何限制,本文建議政府機關實施政府資料授權時,應以開放為原則並盡量減少資料使用之限制。就目前授權實務現況觀之,得透過條款設計、建立國際標準以及跨國地區整合之方式提升各國授權條款或使用規則之間的相容性,降低政府資料使用潛在限制。若採用民間社群制定之公眾授權條款進行政府資料釋出者,應建立相關配套措施使授權條款規定得有效與國家政府運作流程結合,讓授權條款的運作機制得在政策執行中確實實踐。 / "Open Government Data" is associated with using data processing, Internet transmission and open standards to release government information. It is believed by many that a good open-data policy can help the government to improve the efficiency of governance, to accelerate administrative reform, to enhance living quality, and to promote social and economic development. The idea of open data may also benefit government transparency, public participation and accountability. The wave of Open Government Data was originally started from a number of online communities. Now the concept of Open Government Data has been accepted as national policies in the global scale. The U.S. government and the U.K. government have been probably the most important pioneers in promoting open government data policies. Other countries like Canada and Australia also follow the trend to make their own Open Government Data policies. Taiwan government has put the idea of Open Government Data into practice since 2012. Policy considerations for Open Government Data concern different issues, such as the classification of open government data, Web platform operating, data format, licensing, charging standard, the coordination between agencies and policy promotion. The study focuses on the licensing perspective of open government data. This study compares and analyzes the most representative license clauses and terms of use, such as CC-BY, CC-BY-SA, ODbL, UK Open Government License, Canada Open Government License, France Open license and Norwegian License for Open Government Data. Owing to the variety of government information, not all of the government information are protected by copyright law and other related laws. In addition, there are other factor restricted the use of government information. Such regulatory limitations are occasionally conflicting with policy goals of open government data. Other issues, such as licensing compatibility may trouble government agencies to implement the open data policy. The principles of open government data emphasize that government data should be available to anyone to access, re-use and redistribution, so the use of such data should not impose any restrictions. This study argues that licensing open government data should minimize the use of restricted data as much as possible. Considering the status quo of licensing open government data, the adjustment of structure of licensing clauses, establishing international standards and cross-nation cooperation may be the possible ways to solve the incompatibility problem mentioned previously. Moreover, governments should establish relevant supporting measures so that the licensing mechanism can smoothly fits in the legal system and successfully achieve the original policy goals.
3

台灣開放資料之公私民協作發展研究 / Research of Public-Private-People Partnership in Open Data in Taiwan

方科雅, Fang, Ke-Ya Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,在資通訊快速發展與公民意識崛起的環境下,開放資料開始成為各國關注的議題之一。運用開放資料致力於資訊透明、達至公眾參與與協同合作的三個目標,不但將政府資訊透明化、節省資訊流通成本,同時能夠藉由開放資料提供民眾更便捷的生活,並運用於經濟發展。 本研究運用公私協作模型,探討台灣在開放資料的發展過程中,政府、企業與公民間的互動關係,並藉此檢驗三方之間是否平衡運作。研究過程,透過相關文獻的檢閱分析三方的協作分析過程,並以運用開放資料進行商業開發的「公車通」、「KNY台灣天氣」、「觀天氣」與「天氣風險管理開發」作為本研究的個案,補足公私協作上的企業方的實務觀點。並先以企業的角度探討企業成功運用開放資料進行商業開放的關鍵因素,及現階段運用開放資料進行商業開發的發展情況。再將這企業個案放置於公私協作架構中,探討政府、企業與公民三方之間的互動關係。 本研究發現,先進者優勢、因開發者背景所取得之資源,以及對於政府開放資料的依賴程度為企業成功運用開放資料進行商業開發的關鍵因素。另外,政府、企業與公民在公私協作上,並非單向而為雙向的互動關係,且「政府」為公私民協作是否能夠平衡運作的關鍵角色。並經由此研究分析給予建議:1.企業若降低對政府開放資料的依賴程度,並運用組織人才及其關鍵資源,將能夠增加商業模式的差異性。2.政府不應干涉企業與民間於運用開放資料進行商業發展的市場。3.政府須提出完備的獎勵機制,亦或黑客公務員的加入,突破政府的穀倉效應。 / With the rise of civic consciousness, and the rapid development of information and communication technologies, open data become the important issue around the world. The purpose of the study uses the Public-Private-People-Partnership theory to investigate the interactional relationship within government, enterprises and citizen in the process of promoting open data in Taiwan. In addition, using the business model to investigate the key factors in developing business with open data successfully from the perspective of enterprises. The research adopts case study and in-depth interviews as the research tools to investigate. Furthermore, this research finds out that first-mover advantage, the resources enterprises have and the degree of dependence on open government data are the key factors in business development. In addition, the interactions within government, enterprises and citizen are not only unidirectional but bidirectional. And the operation of government will be the key factor to the balance in Public-Private-People-Partnership model. This study suggests that (a) If enterprise reduce the dependence on the open government data and use resources properly, it will increase the difference in its business model. (b) The government in Taiwan should not interfere the market in the business development with open data. (c) The government in Taiwan should set the performance incentives completely, and let more hacker civil servants join into public sector to break through silo effect.

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