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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estudo dos efeitos de um polissacarÃdeo sulfatado isolado da alga marinha Solieria filiformis sobre os modelos de nocicepÃÃo e inflamaÃÃo / Study of effects of a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from the red seaweed Solieria filiformis on models of nociception and inflammation

Ianna Wivianne Fernandes de AraÃjo 09 March 2012 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Os polissacarÃdeos sulfatados (PS) de algas marinhas sÃo reconhecidos como molÃculas biologicamente ativas. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de uma fraÃÃo polissacarÃdica sulfatada da alga marinha vermelha Solieria filiformis em modelos clÃssicos de nocicepÃÃo e inflamaÃÃo aguda e no modelo experimental de artrite induzida por zymosan na articulaÃÃo temporomandibular de ratos. No fracionamento dos PS totais em coluna de DEAE-celulose foram obtidas duas fraÃÃes de PS (F I-0,5M e F II-0,75M), das quais a fraÃÃo F I mostrou o maior rendimento de PS. A anÃlise por cromatografia de permeaÃÃo em gel das fraÃÃes (F I e F II) apresentou picos heterogÃneos e de elevada massa molar (1,12 x 105 e 2,95 x 105 g/mol, respectivamente). As fraÃÃes foram caracterizadas estruturalmente por espectroscopia na regiÃo do infravermelho e identificadas como kappa- e iota-carragenanas, respectivamente. Camundongos Swiss machos prÃ-tratados com F I (1; 3 ou 9 mg/kg; i.v.), 30 min antes de receberem a injeÃÃo de Ãcido acÃtico (0,8%), formalina (1%) ou 30 min antes do estÃmulo tÃrmico, apresentaram resposta antinociceptiva (p<0,05) nas contorÃÃes induzidas por Ãcido acÃtico e na segunda fase do teste da formalina, mas nÃo aumentou o tempo de reaÃÃo no teste da placa quente, sugerindo que sua aÃÃo antinociceptiva ocorre atravÃs de um mecanismo perifÃrico. F I (1; 3 ou 9 mg/kg; s.c.) nÃo mostrou efeito anti-inflamatÃrio significativo quando administrada, 1h antes dos agentes flogÃsticos carragenana (500 Âg/pata; 100 ÂL) ou dextrana (400 Âg/pata; 100 ÂL), em ratos Wistar machos. AlÃm disso, a atividade da mieloperoxidase revelou uma acumulaÃÃo de neutrÃfilos marcados na pata em resposta ao tratamento com F I (1; 3 ou 9 mg/kg; 100 ÂL/pata). Nos ensaios da artrite induzida por Zy, os animais receberam F I (1; 3 ou 9 mg/kg; s.c.) 1 hora antes da induÃÃo da artrite (2 mg Zy/articulaÃÃo; 40 ÂL) na articulaÃÃo temporomandibular (ATM) esquerda dos ratos. Como grupos controles, os animais receberam salina estÃril (40 ÂL; i.art.) ou indometacina (5 mg/kg; s.c.). A hipernocicepÃÃo mecÃnica na ATM foi avaliada atravÃs do aparelho von Frey elÃtrico nos tempos basal e 4 horas apÃs induÃÃo da artrite. Na 6a hora, os animais foram eutanasiados e suas ATM lavadas para coleta do lavado articular e realizaÃÃo da contagem total de cÃlulas. Posteriormente, as ATM foram removidas para as anÃlises histolÃgicas e extraÃÃo do RNAm de COX-2, TNF-&#945;, IL-1&#946; e HO-1. O prÃ-tratamento com F I (1, 3 ou 9 mg/kg; s.c.) promoveu a reduÃÃo da hiperalgesia facial na ordem de 69; 66,6 e 78,08%, respectivamente, quando comparado ao grupo Zy. Entretanto, F I (1, 3 ou 9 mg/kg; s.c.) nÃo reduziu a inflamaÃÃo na ATM, potencializando a expressÃo relativa do RNAm de COX-2, TNF-&#945;, IL-1&#946; e HO-1. Finalmente, F I (9 mg/kg; i.p.) nÃo apresentou sinais de toxicidade quando administrada em camundongos. Portanto, a F I da alga marinha S. filiformis, mostrou-se como uma importante ferramenta biotecnolÃgica no desenvolvimento de novos agentes farmacolÃgicos, sem efeitos adversos importantes nos modelos experimentais estudados. / The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) of seaweed are recognized as biologically active molecules. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a sulfated polysaccharide from red seaweed Solieria filiformis in classical models of nociception and acute inflammation in the experimental model of arthritis induced by zymosan in the temporomandibular joint of rats. In fractionation of the total SP by column of DEAE-cellulose were obtained two fractions of SP (F I-0.5 M and F II-0.75 M), in which the fraction F I presented the highest yield of SP. The analysis by gel permeation chromatography of the fractions (F I and F II) showed heterogeneous peaks with high molecular mass (1.12 x 105 and 2.95 x 105 g/mol, respectively). The fractions were structurally characterized by Fourier transformed infrared and identified as kappa - and iota- carrageenans, respectively. Male Swiss mice pretreated with F I (1; 3 or 9 mg/kg; i.v.) 30 min before receiving an injection of 0.8% acetic acid, 1% formalin or 30 min prior to a thermal stimulation showed antinociceptive response (p<0.05) in acetic acid-induced writhing and in the second phase of the formalin test, but did not increase the reaction time in the hot plate test, suggesting that antinociceptive effect occurs through a peripheral mechanism. F I (1; 3 or 9 mg/kg; sc) showed no significant anti-inflammatory effect when administered 1 hour before the flogistic agents carrageenan (500 Âg/paw; 100 ÂL) or dextran (400 Âg/paw; 100 ÂL) in male Wistar rats. In addition, the myeloperoxidase activity revealed a marked neutrophil accumulation in the paw in response to treatment with F I (1, 3 or 9 mg/kg, 100 ÂL/paw). In the assays of arthritis induced by Zy, the animals received F I (1; 3 or 9 mg/kg; s.c.) 1 hour before induction of arthritis (Zy 2 mg/joint; 40 uL) into the left temporomandibular joint (TMJ). As control groups, the animals received saline (40 ÂL; i.art.) or indomethacin (5 mg/kg; s.c.). Mechanical hypernociception in the TMJ was evaluated by von Frey electric apparatus in the basal time and 4 hours after induction of arthritis. At the 6th hour, the rats were euthanized and the TMJ cavity was washed to collect the synovial fluid and excised for histological analysis, and extraction of the mRNA from COX-2, TNF-&#945;, IL-1&#946; and HO-1. Pretreatment with F I (1, 3 or 9 mg/kg; s.c.) caused a reduction of facial hyperalgesia of 69, 66.6 and 78.08% respectively, compared to group Zy. However, F I (1; 3 or 9 mg/kg; s.c.) did not reduce the inflammation in the TMJ, increasing the relative expression of mRNA for COX-2, TNF-&#945;, IL-1&#946; and HO-1. Finally, F I (9 mg/kg; i.p.) did not show significant signs of toxicity when administrated in mice. Therefore, the F I of seaweed S. filiformis, showed to be an important biotechnological tool in the development of new pharmacological agents, without significant adverse effects in experimental models studied.
2

Fonctionnalisation de biopolymères extraits de macroalgues pour encapsuler des principes actifs hydrophobes / Fonctionnalization of biopolymers from seaweeds for hydrophobic drugs encapsulation

Youssouf, Latufa 13 December 2016 (has links)
Le diabète est caractérisé par une hyperglycémie chronique mais également par un stress oxydant et une inflammation chronique conduisant à des complications cardiovasculaires telles que l'athérosclérose. La curcumine est un polyphénol connu pour ses propriétés antioxydantes et antiinflammatoires. Elle est capable de neutraliser les radicaux libres et les médiateurs inflammatoires impliqués dans le développement des maladies métaboliques. De ce fait, la curcumine peut avoir une action préventive contre le diabète de type 2 et ses complications cardiovasculaires. Cependant la curcumine, comme de nombreux médicaments hydrophobes, est très peu absorbée dans l'organisme. De plus sa métabolisation et son élimination rapide de l'organisme limite ses effets thérapeutiques. Ainsi ce travail de thèse a consisté à mettre en place un système de vectorisation pour le transport de molécules hydrophobes comme la curcumine en utilisant les carraghénanes, des polysaccharides de macroalgues. Pour ce faire, les polysaccharides ont été tout d'abord extraits des macroalgues issues des Mascareignes en mettant en place et en optimisant un protocole d'éco-extraction. Ces polysaccharides ont ensuite été caractérisés par RMN puis fonctionnalisés pour former des micelles de taille nanométrique. Nos résultats montrent que ces nanovecteurs sont biodégradables, non toxiques et permettent d'améliorer l'introduction de la curcumine dans des cellules endothéliales humaines, ainsi que d'accroitre ses propriétés antiinflammatoires. Ces nanomicelles représentent donc potentiellement un moyen de transport prometteur de médicaments hydrophobes tels que la curcumine. / Diabetes is characterized by high blood glucose but also by an oxidative stress and a chronic inflammation which lead to cardiovascular complications like atherosclerosis. Curcumin is a polyphenol known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It can react against free radical and downregulate inflammatory factors involved in the development of metabolic diseases. Therefore, curcumin can prevent the occurrence of type 2 diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. However, as many others hydrophobic drugs, curcumin is poorly incorporated in the body. Furthermore, its rapid biotransformation and elimination from the body limit its therapeutic effects. This PhD work consisted in the development of a drug delivery device for hydrophobic drugs like curcumin using carrageenan which are polysaccharides from seaweeds. For this, polysaccharides were first extracted from seaweeds of the Mascareignes by implementing and optimizing an eco-extraction protocol. After their characterization by NMR, these polysaccharides were then functionalized to form nanometric micelles. Our results showed that these biodegradable nanomicelles were non-toxic and allowed the enhancement of curcumin uptake by human endothelial cells and its anti-inflammatory properties. They thus potentially represent a promising device for drug delivery such as curcumin.
3

Estudo dos efeitos de um polissacarídeo sulfatado isolado da alga marinha Solieria filiformis sobre os modelos de nocicepção e inflamação / Study of effects of a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from the red seaweed Solieria filiformis on models of nociception and inflammation

Araújo, Ianna Wivianne Fernandes de January 2012 (has links)
ARAÚJO, Ianna Wivianne Fernandes de. Estudo dos efeitos de um polissacarídeo sulfatado isolado da alga marinha Solieria filiformis sobre os modelos de nocicepção e inflamação. 2012. 210 f : Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia -Renorbio, Fortaleza-CE, 2012. / Submitted by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-05-23T13:47:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_tese_iwfaraújo.pdf: 9567249 bytes, checksum: f951e8389e32dadf69f22ac60a32007b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-05-23T13:47:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_tese_iwfaraújo.pdf: 9567249 bytes, checksum: f951e8389e32dadf69f22ac60a32007b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-23T13:47:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_tese_iwfaraújo.pdf: 9567249 bytes, checksum: f951e8389e32dadf69f22ac60a32007b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) of seaweed are recognized as biologically active molecules. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a sulfated polysaccharide from red seaweed Solieria filiformis in classical models of nociception and acute inflammation in the experimental model of arthritis induced by zymosan in the temporomandibular joint of rats. In fractionation of the total SP by column of DEAE-cellulose were obtained two fractions of SP (F I-0.5 M and F II-0.75 M), in which the fraction F I presented the highest yield of SP. The analysis by gel permeation chromatography of the fractions (F I and F II) showed heterogeneous peaks with high molecular mass (1.12 x 105 and 2.95 x 105 g/mol, respectively). The fractions were structurally characterized by Fourier transformed infrared and identified as kappa - and iota- carrageenans, respectively. Male Swiss mice pretreated with F I (1; 3 or 9 mg/kg; i.v.) 30 min before receiving an injection of 0.8% acetic acid, 1% formalin or 30 min prior to a thermal stimulation showed antinociceptive response (p<0.05) in acetic acid-induced writhing and in the second phase of the formalin test, but did not increase the reaction time in the hot plate test, suggesting that antinociceptive effect occurs through a peripheral mechanism. F I (1; 3 or 9 mg/kg; sc) showed no significant anti-inflammatory effect when administered 1 hour before the flogistic agents carrageenan (500 µg/paw; 100 µL) or dextran (400 µg/paw; 100 µL) in male Wistar rats. In addition, the myeloperoxidase activity revealed a marked neutrophil accumulation in the paw in response to treatment with F I (1, 3 or 9 mg/kg, 100 µL/paw). In the assays of arthritis induced by Zy, the animals received F I (1; 3 or 9 mg/kg; s.c.) 1 hour before induction of arthritis (Zy 2 mg/joint; 40 uL) into the left temporomandibular joint (TMJ). As control groups, the animals received saline (40 µL; i.art.) or indomethacin (5 mg/kg; s.c.). Mechanical hypernociception in the TMJ was evaluated by von Frey electric apparatus in the basal time and 4 hours after induction of arthritis. At the 6th hour, the rats were euthanized and the TMJ cavity was washed to collect the synovial fluid and excised for histological analysis, and extraction of the mRNA from COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β and HO-1. Pretreatment with F I (1, 3 or 9 mg/kg; s.c.) caused a reduction of facial hyperalgesia of 69, 66.6 and 78.08% respectively, compared to group Zy. However, F I (1; 3 or 9 mg/kg; s.c.) did not reduce the inflammation in the TMJ, increasing the relative expression of mRNA for COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β and HO-1. Finally, F I (9 mg/kg; i.p.) did not show significant signs of toxicity when administrated in mice. Therefore, the F I of seaweed S. filiformis, showed to be an important biotechnological tool in the development of new pharmacological agents, without significant adverse effects in experimental models studied. / Os polissacarídeos sulfatados (PS) de algas marinhas são reconhecidos como moléculas biologicamente ativas. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de uma fração polissacarídica sulfatada da alga marinha vermelha Solieria filiformis em modelos clássicos de nocicepção e inflamação aguda e no modelo experimental de artrite induzida por zymosan na articulação temporomandibular de ratos. No fracionamento dos PS totais em coluna de DEAE-celulose foram obtidas duas frações de PS (F I-0,5M e F II-0,75M), das quais a fração F I mostrou o maior rendimento de PS. A análise por cromatografia de permeação em gel das frações (F I e F II) apresentou picos heterogêneos e de elevada massa molar (1,12 x 105 e 2,95 x 105 g/mol, respectivamente). As frações foram caracterizadas estruturalmente por espectroscopia na região do infravermelho e identificadas como kappa- e iota-carragenanas, respectivamente. Camundongos Swiss machos pré-tratados com F I (1; 3 ou 9 mg/kg; i.v.), 30 min antes de receberem a injeção de ácido acético (0,8%), formalina (1%) ou 30 min antes do estímulo térmico, apresentaram resposta antinociceptiva (p<0,05) nas contorções induzidas por ácido acético e na segunda fase do teste da formalina, mas não aumentou o tempo de reação no teste da placa quente, sugerindo que sua ação antinociceptiva ocorre através de um mecanismo periférico. F I (1; 3 ou 9 mg/kg; s.c.) não mostrou efeito anti-inflamatório significativo quando administrada, 1h antes dos agentes flogísticos carragenana (500 µg/pata; 100 µL) ou dextrana (400 µg/pata; 100 µL), em ratos Wistar machos. Além disso, a atividade da mieloperoxidase revelou uma acumulação de neutrófilos marcados na pata em resposta ao tratamento com F I (1; 3 ou 9 mg/kg; 100 µL/pata). Nos ensaios da artrite induzida por Zy, os animais receberam F I (1; 3 ou 9 mg/kg; s.c.) 1 hora antes da indução da artrite (2 mg Zy/articulação; 40 µL) na articulação temporomandibular (ATM) esquerda dos ratos. Como grupos controles, os animais receberam salina estéril (40 µL; i.art.) ou indometacina (5 mg/kg; s.c.). A hipernocicepção mecânica na ATM foi avaliada através do aparelho von Frey elétrico nos tempos basal e 4 horas após indução da artrite. Na 6a hora, os animais foram eutanasiados e suas ATM lavadas para coleta do lavado articular e realização da contagem total de células. Posteriormente, as ATM foram removidas para as análises histológicas e extração do RNAm de COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β e HO-1. O pré-tratamento com F I (1, 3 ou 9 mg/kg; s.c.) promoveu a redução da hiperalgesia facial na ordem de 69; 66,6 e 78,08%, respectivamente, quando comparado ao grupo Zy. Entretanto, F I (1, 3 ou 9 mg/kg; s.c.) não reduziu a inflamação na ATM, potencializando a expressão relativa do RNAm de COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β e HO-1. Finalmente, F I (9 mg/kg; i.p.) não apresentou sinais de toxicidade quando administrada em camundongos. Portanto, a F I da alga marinha S. filiformis, mostrou-se como uma importante ferramenta biotecnológica no desenvolvimento de novos agentes farmacológicos, sem efeitos adversos importantes nos modelos experimentais estudados.

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