This study investigated the role of reinforcement schedule and instructional set in frontalis EMG training. The experiment consisted of four groups participating in 30 minute sessions on three consecutive days. Group conditions were intermittent feedback (alternating 100 second trials), continuous feedback, motivated control and no-treatment control. Excepting the no-treatment controls, each subject was instructed that extra credit points were available contingent on the number of seconds in criterion. An individual criterion based on each subject's initial baseline microvolt level was utilized.

This study investigated the use of electromyographic feedback in regulating the frequency of part-word repetitions. Two adult stutterers, one female (Subject A) and one male (Subject B) were employed. The frequency of part-word repetitions during baserate, EMG uV raising, and EMG uV lowering conditions was assessed for Subject B. As hypothesized, results indicate that there was a notable decline in the frequency of part-word repetitions during the EMG uV lowering sessions. However, contrary to the second hypothesis, (i.e. that an increase in EMG uV would correspond with an increase in part-word repetitions) there was also a decline in the frequency of part-word repetitions during the EMG raising sessions.

No description available.

Title: Assessment of the timing of tennis strokes using kinematic analysis and surface electromyography Aims: Assess the timing of tennis forhand, service and appropriate training exercises using kinematic analysis. Describe the activation of muscles in time for the chosen execution of the strokes by recording surface electromyography (SEMG). Compare the results of various executions and describe the differences between using the racquets with different parameters and between executions of various training exercises. Method: Case study using kinematic analysis and surface electromyography was made. Results: We have found out that the execution of the strokes using the players own racquet was the most stable. We have found the differences in timing while using various racquets. The heavier the equipment we are using in training exercise is the more different is the timing of this movement. We concluded that the chosen training exercises are inappropriate as the special exercises to improve coordination. Key words: tennis, timing, service, forhand, electromyographic analysis, kinematic analysis

Title: Electromyographic analysis of the influence of vibrating dumbbell on upper extremity muscles Objective: The main purpose of this study was to compare the electric activity of m. biceps and triceps brachii, and upper and lower part of m. trapezius, during exercises both with a vibrating dumbbell, and a dumbbell without vibrations. Furthermore, our objective was to compare the muscle activity during static stress (dumbbell kept in one position), and dynamic stress with the vibrating dumbbell (moving in the elbow joint). Methods: Surface electromyography was chosen as an objectification method. Nine healthy women of age between 23 and 26 years participated in this study. A dumbbell of 1, 5 kg weight, 36 Hz vibrating frequency and 1,3 mm amplitude was used. Results: An increase of electrical activity can be observed in all assessed muscles when stimulated with vibrations. However, this increase can be considered as statistically significant only in case of static stress of the m. biceps and triceps brachii. Results also indicate high activity of the upper part of m. trapezius during exercise with activated vibrations. Key words: vibrations, vibrating dumbbell, vibration training, electromyographic analysis

Milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo ainda não usufruem dos benefícios da osseointegração. O tratamento reabilitador oral com prótese total sobre implantes tem sido cada vez mais adotado pelos especialistas na área de reabilitação oral. Esta é uma alternativa para a obtenção de retenção e estabilidade em tratamentos com próteses totais convencionais, acredita-se que dois implantes são suficientes para reter uma overdenture satisfatoriamente. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar dezesseis pacientes, após a instalação de overdenture inferior, por meio da atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos masseteres e temporais, da força de mordida molar e incisiva máxima e da análise da frequência de ressonância da estabilidade inicial e tardia dos implantes utilizados na retenção das overdenture, sob carga imediata. Para estas análises foram utilizados eletromiógrafo Myosystem - Br1; o dinamômetro modelo IDDK Kratos e o aparelho Osstell. A análise estatística foi executada utilizando o teste de medidas repetidas (SPSS 12.0). Verificou-se diminuição da atividade eletromiográfica no repouso, lateralidades e protusão mandibular, aumento da força de mordida molar e incisiva máxima e aumento dos quocientes de estabilidade dos implantes após quinze meses do tratamento reabilitador. Todos os pacientes relataram melhora significativa em todos os aspectos funcionais e estético do sistema estomatognático. Concluiu-se que o uso de overdenture sobre dois implantes inferiores deve-se tornar o tratamento de escolha para indivíduos desdentados inferiores. / Millions of people around the world do not have access to the osseointegration benefits. Treatments involving oral rehabilitation with overdentures have been widely used by specialists in oral medicine field. This is an alternative therapy for retention and stability achievement in total prostheses with conventional treatments, and two implants are enough to establish an overdenture satisfactorily. The objective of this study was to evaluate sixteen patients after inferior overdenture positioning using the electromyographic activity of masseter and temporal muscles to analyze the following parameters: molar and incisive biting strength, resonance frequency of the initial and later implants stability to retain an overdenture under immediate load. For these tests, it was used the Myosystem - BR1 electromyograph; the IDDK Kratos dynamometer and Osstell apparatus. Statistical analysis was performed using the repeated measures test (SPSS 12.0). It was observed a decrease in electromyographic activity during the rest, lateral and mandibular protrusion; increase of the maximal molar and incisive bite strength, and increase of the stability ratios for implants after fifteen months with rehabilitation treatment. All patients reported significant improvement in all functional and aesthetic aspects of the stomatognathic system. It was concluded that the use of inferior overdenture with two implants should become the selected treatment for total mandibular edentulous patients.

As próteses oculares têm a função de restabelecer a estética simultaneamente à manutenção da forma anatômica da cavidade orbital, preservando o tônus muscular palpebral e inibindo o colapso palpebral. Como poucos trabalhos científicos foram realizados para avaliar a recuperação de tônus muscular em indivíduos com necessidade de próteses oculares, este trabalho teve o objetivo de quantificar, por meio da eletromiografia, essa qualidade muscular e observar a atividade dos músculos óculo motores em pacientes não reabilitados, reabilitados e controle. A atividade eletromiográfica foi captada durante os repousos inicial e final e atividades que envolveram efetiva participação da musculatura nas seguintes condições clínicas: abertura e fechamento normais das pálpebras e abertura e fechamento forçados das pálpebras. Diante dos resultados apresentados nesse estudo, observou-se que a prótese ocular individualizada não interfere nos músculos óculo motores da hemiface contralateral à reabilitada; o contato da prótese ocular nos tecidos musculares remanescentes da cavidade anoftálmica realiza efeito mioestimulador e tanto no grupo reabilitado como no grupo controle, houve maior atividade eletromiográfica nos músculos orbiculares inferiores na ação de abertura e fechamento. / The ocular prosthesis is meant to restore the aesthetics while maintaining the anatomical shape of the orbital cavity, preserving the eyelid muscle tone by inhibiting the breakdown of the eyelid. As few scientific studies were conducted to evaluate the recovery of muscle tone in individuals that need ocular prosthesis, this study aimed through electromyography evaluate this muscle quality and observe the activity of eye muscles in patients not rehabilitated, rehabilitated and control. Electromyographic activity was captured during initial and final rest positions and activities involving active participation of muscles in the following clinical conditions: normal opening and closing eyelid and forced opening and closing eyelid. From the results presented in this study, it was concluded that the ocular prosthesis does not interfered in individual ocular motor muscles of the rehabilitated contralateral hemiface; the ocular prosthesis contact on the remaining tissue of the anophthalmic cavity did myostimulator effects, in the rehabilitated and control groups, EMG activities were greater in lower orbicular muscles at opening and closing actions.

Este estudo analisou por meio de um eletromiógrafo de superfície as atividades dos músculos masseteres, direito e esquerdo, de 30 pacientes com diagnóstico de fratura de ossos da face, com uma média de 1,33 fraturas por paciente, em quatro momentos, no pré-operatório e nos pós-operatórios equivalentes ao 7°, 30° e 60° dias posteriores à cirurgia. Considerou-se o valor de cada medida, a média entre três contrações máximas isométricas voluntárias de duração de cinco segundos cada uma. Os paciente foram agrupados de acordo com o diagnóstico da fratura, sendo com fratura da mandíbula 50%, fratura do zigomático 33%, fratura da maxila 10% e com fraturas associadas 6,7%. Os pacientes apresentaram menor atividade dos músculo masseter no período pré-operatório, quando comparado a valores considerados normais, em todos os grupos de fraturas, seguida de queda acentuada no pós operatório de 07 dias, sendo que todos os grupos apresentaram recuperação da atividade em 60 dias, porém abaixo do valor normal encontrado na literatura. Os valores médio observados foram em ordem decrescente: fratura de zigomático, fratura de mandíbula, fratura de maxila e fraturas associadas. As fraturas de mandíbulas unilaterais apresentaram maiores valores que as fraturas bilaterais na maioria dos tempos. Houve diferença altamente significante na comparação da evolução da atividade do músculo masseter direito e esquerdo para as fraturas de mandíbula e de zigomático, sendo que na comparação par a par houve diferença significante entre a maioria dos grupos. / This study analyzed using a surface electromyographic activity of the masseter muscles, right and left, of 30 patients with fractures of facial bones, with an average of 1.33 fractures per patient, four times, the pre-operative and postoperative equivalent to the 7th, 30th and 60th days after surgery. It was considered the value of each measurement, the average of three isometric maximum voluntary contractions for five seconds each. Patients were grouped according to the diagnosis of fracture, 50% of the mandible fracture, 33% of the zygomatic fracture, 10% of maxilla fracture and 6,7% with associated fractures. The patients showed lower activity of the masseter muscle in the preoperative period, when compared to normal values in all groups of fractures, followed by a sharp drop in the postoperative period of 07 days, and all groups showed a recovery of activity in 60 days, but below the normal value found in the literature. The average values were observed in decreasing order: zygomatic fracture, mandible fracture, maxilla fracture and associated fractures. The unilateral jaw fractures showed higher values than the bilateral fractures in most of the times. There was a highly significant difference in comparing the evolution of the activity of the masseter muscle right and left to the mandibular and zygomatic fractures, if compared pairwise significant difference between most groups.

Milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo ainda não usufruem dos benefícios da osseointegração. O tratamento reabilitador oral com prótese total sobre implantes tem sido cada vez mais adotado pelos especialistas na área de reabilitação oral. Esta é uma alternativa para a obtenção de retenção e estabilidade em tratamentos com próteses totais convencionais, acredita-se que dois implantes são suficientes para reter uma overdenture satisfatoriamente. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar dezesseis pacientes, após a instalação de overdenture inferior, por meio da atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos masseteres e temporais, da força de mordida molar e incisiva máxima e da análise da frequência de ressonância da estabilidade inicial e tardia dos implantes utilizados na retenção das overdenture, sob carga imediata. Para estas análises foram utilizados eletromiógrafo Myosystem - Br1; o dinamômetro modelo IDDK Kratos e o aparelho Osstell. A análise estatística foi executada utilizando o teste de medidas repetidas (SPSS 12.0). Verificou-se diminuição da atividade eletromiográfica no repouso, lateralidades e protusão mandibular, aumento da força de mordida molar e incisiva máxima e aumento dos quocientes de estabilidade dos implantes após quinze meses do tratamento reabilitador. Todos os pacientes relataram melhora significativa em todos os aspectos funcionais e estético do sistema estomatognático. Concluiu-se que o uso de overdenture sobre dois implantes inferiores deve-se tornar o tratamento de escolha para indivíduos desdentados inferiores. / Millions of people around the world do not have access to the osseointegration benefits. Treatments involving oral rehabilitation with overdentures have been widely used by specialists in oral medicine field. This is an alternative therapy for retention and stability achievement in total prostheses with conventional treatments, and two implants are enough to establish an overdenture satisfactorily. The objective of this study was to evaluate sixteen patients after inferior overdenture positioning using the electromyographic activity of masseter and temporal muscles to analyze the following parameters: molar and incisive biting strength, resonance frequency of the initial and later implants stability to retain an overdenture under immediate load. For these tests, it was used the Myosystem - BR1 electromyograph; the IDDK Kratos dynamometer and Osstell apparatus. Statistical analysis was performed using the repeated measures test (SPSS 12.0). It was observed a decrease in electromyographic activity during the rest, lateral and mandibular protrusion; increase of the maximal molar and incisive bite strength, and increase of the stability ratios for implants after fifteen months with rehabilitation treatment. All patients reported significant improvement in all functional and aesthetic aspects of the stomatognathic system. It was concluded that the use of inferior overdenture with two implants should become the selected treatment for total mandibular edentulous patients.

INTRODUÇÃO: na reabilitação da disfagia faríngea, a manobra de Mendelsohn (MM) é a única descrita como efetiva para o trabalho de elevação da laringe e seqüente abertura do segmento faringo-esofágico, desde que executada corretamente. OBJETIVO: avaliar a eficácia do uso do biofeedback eletromiográfico no processo de treinamento para correta execução da manobra de Mendelsohn em portadores de Doença de Machado-Joseph (DMJ), com disfagia alta. CASUÍSTICA: participaram deste estudo 20 indivíduos sem queixas quanto à deglutição e 20 disfágicos, portadores de DMJ, que se equiparavam em termos de distribuição de sexos e média de idade, tinham cognitivo preservado, e foram separados em grupos: A e C, de disfágicos, e B e D, de controles. MÉTODOS: todos foram submetidos a anamnese dirigida, avaliação clínica da deglutição e a eletromiografia para verificação do tempo de sustentação da elevação da laringe, repetida depois de treinamento para correta execução da manobra de Mendelsohn, feito com (grupos A e B) ou sem (grupos C e D) a utilização do biofeedback eletromiográfico.Dificuldades relacionadas à realização da MM foram observadas diretamente e relatadas em resposta a questionário. RESULTADOS: a comparação dos disfágicos com os controles não evidenciou diferenças marcantes quanto à avaliação clínica da fase oral da deglutição, pois os doentes demonstravam apenas déficits quanto a protrusão, retração e tônus da língua. Entretanto, quanto à fase faríngea, mostraramse diferenças mais significativas, com os disfágicos apresentando, à deglutição de líquidos e sólidos, estase faríngea, acompanhada de tosse e/ou engasgo e penetração e/ou aspiração, alterações ausentes nos controles. Houve significante aumento do tempo de sustentação da elevação da laringe, de controles e pacientes, à deglutição de saliva, durante a realização da manobra de Mendelsohn, após o treinamento, principalmente se conduzido com suporte de biofeedback eletromiográfico. O mesmo ocorreu com a deglutição de iogurte, pastoso, consistência preferida pelos pacientes. Os pacientes do grupo A chegaram a atingir o mesmo desempenho que seus controles (grupo B), à realização da MM. À observação direta de dificuldades encontradas durante a realização da manobra, notou-se dificuldade para sustentar a elevação da laringe. Quando os indivíduos foram inquiridos a respeito, destacou-se dificuldade de entendimento da MM. De significante, extraiu-se, à observação direta e ao inquérito, que os pacientes têm mais expressivas dificuldades de controle respiratório durante a realização da MM do que os controles. CONCLUSÕES: 1. o treinamento orientado, verbal e gestual, para a correta execução da MM, é capaz, por si só, de aumentar o tempo de sustentação da elevação da laringe em portadores de DMJ e controles; 2. o biofeedback eletromiográfico agrega valor ao treinamento, promovendo ainda maior tempo de sustentação da elevação da laringe, à execução da MM, em portadores de DMJ, que atingem índices semelhantes aos dos controles, na deglutição de saliva e de pastoso; 3. os portadores de DMJ apresentam freqüentemente dificuldade de controle respiratório, sem repercussão clínica, durante a aplicação da MM. / Introduction: In the rehabilitation of pharyngeal dysphagia, the Mendelsohn maneuver (MM) is the only technique described as effective for elevating the larynx with subsequent opening of the esophageal-pharyngeal segment, provided it is correctly performed. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of electromyographic biofeedback for training of the Mendelsohn maneuver in Machado-Joseph patients (MJD) with high dysphagia. Case Studies: Forty individuals participated in this study, including twenty with no complaints of deglutition and twenty MJD dysphagic patients , who were all similar in terms of gender distribution, average age, and cognitive function. Method: The medical history of each patient was reviewed. Each subject underwent a clinical evaluation of deglutition, as well as electromyography to determine the amount of time for which larynx elevation was sustained. Electromyography was repeated following achievement of the correct performance of MM. Training for MM was completed with (groups A and B) or without (groups C and D) electromyographic biofeedback. Difficulties related to performance of MM were observed directly and reported through the completion of a questionnaire. Results: Comparison between dysphagic patients and controls did not reveal significant differences with respect to the clinical evaluation of the oral phase of deglutition, since afflicted patients only demonstrated deficits related to the protrusion, retraction and tonus of the tongue. However, significant differences were observed with respect to the pharyngeal phase. Dysphagic patients presented with pharyngeal stasis during deglutition of liquids and solids, accompanied by coughing and/or choking as well as penetration and/or aspiration; these symptoms were absent in the controls. After training, there was a significant increase during MM in the time of larynx elevation as well as in the deglutition of saliva in both controls and patients. The time of larynx elevation was further increased when training was conducted with electromyographic biofeedback support. Similar results were found for the deglutition of yogurt, which has a pasty consistency preferred by the patients. Group A patients performed MM at the same level of competency as controls (group B). During direct observation, difficulties in sustaining the elevation of the larynx were noted. Questioning of the individuals experiencing difficulty revealed a lack of understanding with respect to MM. Specifically, it was determined that patients had more pronounced difficulty in respiratory control during MM as compared to normal controls. Conclusions: 1. Guided training, both verbal and gestural, for correct performance of the MM can increase the time of sustained larynx elevation in MJD patients and controls; 2. The use of electromyographic biofeedback during training further increases the time of sustained larynx elevation in MJD patients, allowing them to reach indexes similar to those of controls with respect to deglutition of saliva and semi-fluids; 3. Carriers of MJD frequently have difficulty in respiratory control, but without clinical repercussions, during the application of MM.