My Diploma Thesis has a theoretical character. I dealt with fairy tales as a genre. I worked only with the folkloric fairy tales that are different from the modern ones in the way of universality. In the first part I looked for characteristic features of these stories from the literary and psychological point of view. I focused on time and place expression and how the fairy tale deals with the identity of characters and typical phenomenon of the good and the bad. Through these principles children can easily identify with the heroes of stories and therefore they help to solve specific developmental crisis and also to reach individual autonomy and integrity. For me, the theoretical basis was psychoanalysis and thus I followed the fairy tales theory of Bruno Bettelheim. I used this theory in the second part of my thesis as well. The interpretation of four fairy tales: Litte Red Riding-hood (Červená Karkulka), Jack an Jill (Perníková chaloupka), The Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (Sněhurka) and Hrnečku, vař! are given. It is about the determination of the main topic and the interpretation of individual motives. Besides the different options how to interpret it I also compared the different versions of these stories. At the end I tried to have a critical view on Bettelheim's approach and also to find...

Working in the introduction briefly remind the life of the composer and readers closer Lyrical pieces, which for the analysis of piano works, the author chose. In other chapters focuses on the individual characteristics of the piano music of Edvard Hagerup Grieg and proves it on the selections. Among the discovered features include: inspiration folk creation, simple composition works, playing with basic motive, use of arpeggios, composer's creative work with octave and unison, shortened echoes, long bass, chromatic and diatonic practices and changing hands in the lead melody. It is focused on a brief analysis of the lyrical piece Wedding Day at Troldhaugen, proves on analysis discovered features work and strive to interpret the songs where the author comes from her own experience and from listening to recordings stored on Bergen library and recordings of the Edvard Hagerup Grieg interpretation. In conclusion, the author presents a chapter on the possible use of Lyrical pieces.

in English This thesis deals with the issue of counterfeiting, in terms of both criminal and criminological perspective. Its opening is devoted to the money, especially to their historical development. The following chapter, number three, continuously moves to the description of the most widely used security features of money, especially of banknotes. Although these security features are not the subject of my thesis, this part can look quite dominant. However, I am convinced that the technical protection of money plays the pivotal role it the whole issue, so I gave them enough space at the beginning of work. The following section deals with the valid legislation and focuses primarily on the enumeration and analysis of the actus reaus under the Criminal Code. In my opinion, the focus only on criminal legislation is inadequate, and therefore I consider it is necessary to mention also other legislation which is significantly related, ie Act No. 136/2011 Coll., on the circulation of banknotes and coins and amending Act No. 6/ 1993 Coll. on the Czech National Bank, as amended, which contains mainly the Czech National Bank's role in the issues mentioned above and responsibilities of defined group of persons handling the money suspected of counterfeiting. The procedure of the Police of the Czech Republic...

The thesis deals with the issue of word-level pronunciation reductions and with the identification of reduced word forms. The first part of the thesis focuses on the degree of the phonetic features' stability and presents an analysis of selected words from dialogues with a high degree of spontaneity. The results of this research confirm that the most stable features of speech are the fricativness of sibilants and / /ř , voice, the formant structure of vowels and the nasality of the nasal consonant. The closure of the explosives and the quality of vowels prove, on the other hand, to be relatively unstable features. The second part of the thesis focuses on perceptual tests, which are used to verify the identifiability of the selected words in relation to the degree of reduction and the type and complexity of the context. Furthemore, the thesis tries to determine the phonetic features, which are under given conditions relevant for the appropriate identification of words. The research proved, that the most often noted phonetic features correspond to the above mentioned features with high stability. Moreover, it was also confirmed, that the recognizability of words depends on the degree of their reduction and the type of the context: strongly reduced words without any context tend to be very difficult...

This work aims at content-based image search. Different approaches to this type of search are investigated. The main focus of the thesis is special category of content-based image search called sketch-based image search. The most important descriptor types used for image feature extraction in image search are analyzed. Main contribution of the thesis to this research area is a new feature extraction method based on sketch-based image search. This method is implemented together with search interface. The method was evaluated by three test persons. The testing results show promising properties of new method and suggest further possible improve-ments. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Master of Arts / Department of Geography / Marcellus M. Caldas / The democratization of Brazil in 1985 brought hope and impetus for agrarian reform, especially after the proposal of a series of new settlement projects by many Presidents to expropriate and redistribute lands to the Brazil’s landless. The landless poor, however, took this new state-sanctioned program into their own hands and started occupying lands to build land reform settlements. Social Movement Organizations (SMOs) that were established and working illegally gradually emerged and invaded large private landholdings near urban areas with a specific political agenda, while far rural landless people targeted unclaimed open public forest for land occupation to build spontaneous land reform settlements. Both types of land occupation actions constituted the Direct Action Land Reform (DALR). Recent literature has outlined the socio-economic circumstance that affected DALR, DALR settlement formation process and its implication to deforestation; however, no research considers forest fragmentation in these land reform settlements and its relationship with demographic factors. In order to fill this gap in the literature, this thesis first compared the temporal and spatial dynamics of deforestation fragment patterns in spontaneous DALR settlements around the municipality of Uruará along the Transamazon Highway, and in SMO-led DALR settlements in Southern Pará region using satellite imagery from 1986 to 2010 and three landscape metrics (patch mean area, area-weighted mean shape index and patch cohesion index). Metrics results were then respectively analyzed with selected field survey data to discover the impacts of demographic factors on forest fragmentation in DALR settlements. Results showed that SMO-led DALR settlements in Southern Pará primarily exhibited larger, more irregularly shaped and more physically connected deforestation fragments than spontaneous DALR settlements in the Uruará region over the whole study period. Demographic factors that influenced forest fragmentation in DALR settlements included the number of people and children per household, family lot size, percentage of families receiving credit and the distance between the family lot and the nearest city. At last, constructive policy recommendations were provided based on research findings.

Master of Public Health / Department of Kinesiology / Andrew T. Kaczynski / Background: With the dramatic increase in childhood obesity rates over the last three decades, parks can offer an accessible and affordable population-level solution to the important issue of youth physical inactivity. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the association of park proximity and park features with nearby youth achieving recommended levels of physical activity. Methods: This community-based study was conducted in Kansas City, Missouri. Valid physical activity data were obtained for 191 youth via a parent proxy survey with an overall response rate of 27.4%. Geographic information systems (GIS) were used to create three measures of park proximity within 1 mile of children’s homes. Detailed park characteristic information for all parks within 1 mile of the youth (n=146 parks) was obtained via observational audits. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between each park proximity and park characteristic variable and the likelihood of youth meeting physical activity recommendations, while controlling individual and neighborhood level covariates. Results: All youth and female youth who had a park within one-half mile of home were more likely to achieve physical activity recommendations than those with no parks nearby. Likewise, all youth and male youth with three or more parks within 1 mile were significantly more likely to achieve physical activity recommendations than those with only 1 park. Further, youth that had a park with a playground within one-half mile or a baseball field within 1 mile of their home were more likely to achieve physical activity recommendations. Finally, having a park with particular amenities within 1 mile from home (transit stops, traffic signals, picnic tables, grills, trash cans, shade, and roads through the park) was also associated with greater odds of achieving physical activity recommendations. Conclusions: Parks are valuable community resources that can play an important role in the battle against rising rates of obesity and chronic disease in youth across the country. Better understanding the ways in which these settings are associated with physical activity among children can inform future research and environmental and policy changes that can promote the health and well-being of generations to come.

Many views to facial expression recognition exist. This work presents one of approaches. Existing methods of human face representation by model are discussed. The AAM method, where final appearance model is created from model of shape and model of texture is proposed. Model of shape and model of texture is created by statistic analysis. Using this representation, an effective method is achieved that is complexity of information for searched face in static image. Choice and combination of suitable features for classification of facial expression is principle for facial expression recognition based on AAM. Two approaches of facial expression classification are compared. Classification based on LDA and classification based on SVM. These methods with necessary face localization using AdaBoost form an automated face recognizer in image.

[pt] Neste trabalho, propõe-se uma metodologia para a caracterização de sínter de minério de ferro através de microscopia digital e análise de imagens. O sínter é um material multifásico, com macro e microestrutura heterogêneas. Em geral, as principais fases são hematita, magnetita, ferritos e silicatos, além de poros. Empregando um microscópio óptico automatizado, imagens individuais em alto aumento, cobrindo toda a área da seção transversal das amostras, foram obtidas. Da mesma forma e cobrindo a mesma área, foram obtidas imagens de mosaico em baixo aumento. Os mosaicos fornecem uma visão qualitativa poderosa da amostra inteira, e uma avaliação quantitativa das fases principais, embora com resolução limitada. Uma comparação quantitativa das frações de fase entre o mosaico e as imagens em alto aumento foi realizada através de uma rotina automática de processamento e análise de imagens, também desenvolvida neste trabalho. Enquanto as fases mais finas, como os silicatos, só foram bem discriminadas na melhor resolução óptica empregada, fases preponderantes, como a hematita, foram identificadas em todas as resoluções. Para hematita, magnetita e ferritos, o maior erro relativo na fração de área, entre as imagens obtidas com as lentes de 5 e 20X, foi de 12 %, em 3 amostras distintas. Os resultados para os silicatos foram menos exatos com um erro relativo até 44 %. Uma comparação com resultados de difração de raios-x, usando o método de Rietveld, também foi realizada. Estes resultados indicam que a microscopia digital fornece um método flexível de caracterização destes materiais, permitindo combinar informação global qualitativa e semi- quantitativa, com informação local quantitativa. / [en] In the present work, a method for the characterization of iron ore sinter, based on digital microscopy and image analysis is proposed. Iron ore sinters are multi-phase materials, with heterogeneous macro and micro structure. In general, the main phases are: hematite, magnetite, ferrites and silicates, besides pores. Employing an automated optical microscope, individual high magnification images were obtained, covering the full cross section of the samples. Likewise, and covering the same area, low magnification mosaic images were obtained. Mosaics provide a powerful qualitative view of the whole sample, and a quantitative evaluation of the main phases, albeit with limited resolution. A quantitative comparison of phase fractions between the mosaic and the high magnification images was performed through an automatic image processing and analysis routine, also developed in the present work. While finer phases, such as silicates, could only be discriminated at the best employed optical resolution, the main phases, such as hematite, were identified at all resolutions. For hematite, magnetite, and ferrites, the largest relative error in area fraction was 12%, when comparing images acquired with the 5X and 20X objective lenses, for three different samples. Results for silicates were less accurate, with relative errors up to 44%. A comparison with x-ray diffraction results, employing the Rietveld method, was also performed. These results indicate that digital microscopy provides a flexible method for the characterization of these materials, allowing the combination of global qualitative information with local quantitative data.

Cette thèse traite de l'acquisition des consonnes par des enfants francophones monolingues. Son but est de montrer que l’utilisation des traits distinctifs et des principes qui leur sont associés (hiérarchie des traits, évitement de la marque, économie des traits) rend compte du parcours d’acquisition des consonnes en français. Le corpus de cette thèse est constitué des productions spontanées longitudinales (pendant 16 et 28 mois) de deux enfants francophones. L’analyse a dégagé deux grandes étapes dans le parcours d’acquisition des contrastes consonantiques. Chacune d’elle repose sur l’intervention d’un principe associé aux traits distinctifs. La première étape rend compte de l’acquisition isolée des contrastes opposant les consonnes, dont l’ordre est guidé par le principe de hiérarchie des traits, exprimé par leur robustesse : plus un trait est robuste, plus il sera acquis rapidement. L’acquisition d’un trait suppose également l’acquisition des deux valeurs de ce trait par l’intervention du principe d’évitement de la marque : la valeur non-marquée de chaque trait sera acquise avant la valeur marquée. La seconde étape consiste en la diffusion, à l’ensemble du système, d’un trait acquis de façon isolée. Cette diffusion est guidée par le principe d’économie des traits : plus un trait participe à l’économie du système, plus il se diffusera rapidement. Afin d’extraire de l’input de l’enfant, l’information utile nous permettant d’exprimer l’actualisation de chaque principe dans la langue, nous avons conçu des calculs de fréquence des traits. Nous avons établi un lien entre l’expression des principes de hiérarchie, d’évitement de la marque et d’économie, et ces différentes fréquences des traits dans le langage adressé à l’enfant. En appréhendant l’acquisition consonantique comme l’acquisition de contrastes au sein d’un système, nous avons modélisé le parcours d’acquisition des consonnes grâce aux traits distinctifs et à leurs principes associés, en le mettant en regard des travaux sur la structuration des inventaires sonores adultes. / This work focuses on consonantal acquisition of monolingual French-speaking children. Its aim is to show that the use of distinctive features and their associated principles (feature hierarchy, markedness avoidance, feature economy) captures the path of consonantal acquisition in French. The data of this dissertation consist of spontaneous longitudinal productions (during 16 and 28 months) of two French-speaking children. Analysis of the data reveals two main stages in the acquisitional path of consonantal contrasts. Each of these stages relies on the intervention of a principle associated with distinctive features. The first stage captures the isolated acquisition of contrasts between consonants. The order of the acquisition of contrasts is guided by the feature hierarchy principle, which is expressed by feature robustness: the more robust a feature is, the faster it will be acquired. The acquisition of a feature also implies the acquisition of its two values through the intervention of the avoidance of markedness principle: the unmarked value of a feature will be acquired before the marked value. The second stage of the feature acquisition path consists in the distribution of a feature - acquired in an isolated way - throughout the whole system. This distribution is guided by the economy feature principle: the more a feature participates in the system economy, the more rapidly it will diffuse. In order to extract the relevant information from the child’s input that allows us to express the realisation of each principle into the language, we designed feature frequency calculations. We established a link between the expression of the hierarchy, markedness avoidance and economy principles and the different feature frequencies in child-directed speech. By approaching consonantal acquisition as contrast acquisition within an entire system, we were able to model the consonantal acquisition path based on distinctive features and their associated principles, paralleling it with work on the structure of adult sound inventories.