Over the course of the 2007/2008 school year, I visited three classrooms to investigate the effectiveness of Augusto Boal’s drama method, Image Theatre, with elementary-aged students. In Image Theatre, the practitioners and students use their bodies to create frozen images, which in turn become the focus of collaborative meaning- making. I applied the reflective practitioner methodology in my work as it allowed me to adapt to the rapidly altering situations that arise in elementary classrooms. Through reflecting on my interactions with students, I refined a set of teaching techniques that worked best to integrate Image Theatre into the classroom and ultimately into the curriculum. My research provides a qualitative analysis of the power of Image Theatre to foster student dialogue, develop empathic learning, and introduce conflict awareness techniques. My thesis highlights some specific exercises and theoretical frameworks that guided my work and produced the most effective results. The effects of applying Image Theatre to elementary-aged classrooms has not been extensively studied in the past and my research attempts to address this academic gap. It is my hope that future researchers will adapt my activities and further demonstrate the capacities of this theatre technique. Ultimately, I hope that Image Theatre methods can find a place in standard curricula.

Over the course of the 2007/2008 school year, I visited three classrooms to investigate the effectiveness of Augusto Boal’s drama method, Image Theatre, with elementary-aged students. In Image Theatre, the practitioners and students use their bodies to create frozen images, which in turn become the focus of collaborative meaning- making. I applied the reflective practitioner methodology in my work as it allowed me to adapt to the rapidly altering situations that arise in elementary classrooms. Through reflecting on my interactions with students, I refined a set of teaching techniques that worked best to integrate Image Theatre into the classroom and ultimately into the curriculum. My research provides a qualitative analysis of the power of Image Theatre to foster student dialogue, develop empathic learning, and introduce conflict awareness techniques. My thesis highlights some specific exercises and theoretical frameworks that guided my work and produced the most effective results. The effects of applying Image Theatre to elementary-aged classrooms has not been extensively studied in the past and my research attempts to address this academic gap. It is my hope that future researchers will adapt my activities and further demonstrate the capacities of this theatre technique. Ultimately, I hope that Image Theatre methods can find a place in standard curricula.

The diploma thesis Styles of written journalism explores news styles, analytical formations and stylishly mixed these ones. It explores verbal and ideographical devices, used in the Czech present dailies MFD, Lidové noviny and Právo. The work is based on an analysis of linguistic material, accumulated in the time between August 2010 - August 2011. The Attention is aimed at mainly lexical devices. The diploma thesis evaluates their function in the journalistic text and similarities and differences in jounarist´s work with them in various formations in journalistic style. The Interest focuses on the structure of present Czech dailies and the diploma thesis tries to capture their profile. Furthermore, it deals with the headlines, their types and functions in the text. It the introduction there is an explanation of the terminology in the the diploma thesis. Also a brief history of news service is given.

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No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação pdf 2017 - versão final 4.pdf: 3929969 bytes, checksum: 7934fdbc0ff772033f665cb5e2681729 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / A presente dissertação propõe-se a analisar falas proferidas por políticos estrategicamente reenunciadas pelo Jornal O Globo por meio de manchetes narrativas publicadas ao longo do período eleitoral de 2014 e de seus desdobramentos até o ano de 2016. Esta pesquisa parte da suposição de que as vozes reenunciadas em contexto midiático podem apontar para pontos de vista ideológicos diferentes dos pretendidos originalmente. Acreditamos que, por meio das análises, as marcas discursivas da voz do reenunciador, que podem modificar a orientação argumentativa do texto original, registram um outro modo de significar, produzindo efeitos de sentido que interferem no resultado da leitura, fato que motiva as seguintes questões: o que leva determinados textos a serem transformados em outros? Quanto de um texto reenunciado – que ecoa a voz de outrem – é do entrevistado e quanto é de seu reenunciador? No bojo dessas indagações e dessa hipótese mais ampla, examinamos as estratégias de uma reenunciação semifiel empregadas na construção dos sentidos de falas reenunciadas como manchetes jornalísticas com base não só na teoria semiolinguística de Patrick Charaudeau, no que se refere à comunicação midiática e ao acontecimento relatado, mas também no estudo de aspectos intertextuais, como o da retextualização, de acordo com Luis Antônio Marcuschi, e nos tipos de discurso relatado preconizados por Dominique Maingueneau. Metodologicamente, verificamos as citações retextualizadas a partir da recorrência de estratégias vinculadas ao uso do verbo dicendi, de diferentes tipos de discurso, de modos de operação do dito relatado e do recurso tipográfico das aspas, no âmbito de notícias jornalísticas submetidas ao contrato midiático de O Globo. Acreditamos que o presente trabalho contribua para a discussão de um tema que é de crucial significância, visto que as palavras são instrumentos de ação e de intencionalidade. Espera-se que este trabalho seja uma contribuição para a formação de leitores capazes de interpretar a configuração verbal com base em inferências, seja dos implícitos ligados aos valores ideológicos do sistema jornalístico focalizado, seja da intenção latente por parte dos sujeitos comunicantes / The present dissertation proposes to analyze statements made by politicians strategically re-announced by the newspaper O Globo through narrative headlines published throughout the electoral period of 2014 and its unfolding until the year 2016. This research starts from the assumption that the voices re-enunciated in the media context may point to ideological points of view different from those originally intended. We believe that, through the analysis, the discursive marks of the voice of the re-enunciator, which can modify the argumentative orientation of the original text, register another way of meaning, producing effects of meaning that interfere in the result of the reading, a fact that motivates the following questions: What leads certain texts to be transformed into others? How much of a resubmitted text - which echoes the voice of another - is the interviewee and how much is his reenunciator? In the light of these questions and of this broader hypothesis, we examine the strategies of a semi-trusty reenactment used in the construction of the meanings of reenunciated speeches as journalistic headlines based not only on the semiolinguistic theory of Patrick Charaudeau, as regards media communication and related event, but also in the study of intertextual aspects, such as that of re-contextualization, according to Luis Antônio Marcuschi, and in the types of discourse reported by Dominique Maingueneau. Methodologically, we verify the retextualized citations from the recurrence of strategies linked to the use of the dicendi verb, different types of discourse, modes of operation of the re-enunciated speech and the typographic resource of the quotes, within the scope of news stories submitted to media contract of the O Globo. We believe that the present work contributes to the discussion of a topic that is of crucial importance, since words are instruments of action and intentionality. It is hoped that this work will contribute to the formation of readers capable of interpreting the verbal configuration based on inferences, either implicitly linked to the ideological values of the focused journalistic system or from latent intention on the part of communicating subjects

This paper analyzes some forms of linguistic manipulation in Japanese in newspapers when reporting on North Korea and its nuclear tests. The focus lies on lexical ambiguity in headlines and journalist’s voices in the body of the articles, that results in manipulation of the minds of the readers. The study is based on a corpus of nine articles from two of Japan’s largest newspapers Yomiuri Online and Asahi Shimbun Digital. The linguistic phenomenon that contribute to create manipulation are divided into Short Term Memory impact or Long Term Memory impact and examples will be discussed under each of the categories.The main results of the study are that headlines in Japanese newspapers do not make use of an ambiguous, double grounded structure. However, the articles are filled with explicit and implied attitudes as well as attributed material from people of a high social status, which suggests that manipulation of the long term memory is a tool used in Japanese media. / この論文は日本語の新聞中の北朝鮮と核実験に関する報告記事の曖昧さと操作的な態度についてである。この研究は特に北朝鮮について新聞の記事中の計画的で無意識に言語的な操作態度についてである。記事の見出しと読者の心意を関わる曖昧さについてである。全部の記事は読売新聞と朝日新聞に取ったが、全部の中に、多大態度がある。調査は日本の最大の新聞読売オンラインと朝日新聞デジタルの九の記事のコーパスに基づいてである。研究の主な結果は、日本の新聞の見出しがあいまいな構造を利用していないことだが、記事は明示的な態度だけでなく、多大な引用文で満たされている

Over the course of the 2007/2008 school year, I visited three classrooms to investigate the effectiveness of Augusto Boal’s drama method, Image Theatre, with elementary-aged students. In Image Theatre, the practitioners and students use their bodies to create frozen images, which in turn become the focus of collaborative meaning- making. I applied the reflective practitioner methodology in my work as it allowed me to adapt to the rapidly altering situations that arise in elementary classrooms. Through reflecting on my interactions with students, I refined a set of teaching techniques that worked best to integrate Image Theatre into the classroom and ultimately into the curriculum. My research provides a qualitative analysis of the power of Image Theatre to foster student dialogue, develop empathic learning, and introduce conflict awareness techniques. My thesis highlights some specific exercises and theoretical frameworks that guided my work and produced the most effective results. The effects of applying Image Theatre to elementary-aged classrooms has not been extensively studied in the past and my research attempts to address this academic gap. It is my hope that future researchers will adapt my activities and further demonstrate the capacities of this theatre technique. Ultimately, I hope that Image Theatre methods can find a place in standard curricula. / Education, Faculty of / Language and Literacy Education (LLED), Department of / Graduate

En los últimos años, el consumo de noticias en medios impresos ha sido sustituido en gran medida por el acceso a estas en variados formatos a través de medios digitales y redes sociales. Los bajos costes de acceso a la información y la profusión de las plataformas de comunicación y dispositivos móviles han producido un cambio en los hábitos de consumo de información, la que es recibida desde múltiples fuentes y replicada con inmediatez en un ambiente global. En este contexto, se ha incrementado la desinformación, un problema originado en los albores de la prensa tradicional. En la última década, la desinformación ha alcanzado una escala inmanejable debido al gran volumen de información al que un ciudadano común está expuesto cada día. A esto se suma que la mayoría de estos medios digitales no son arbitrados, y permiten publicar y compartir cualquier tipo de información. En este ambiente es muy probable la proliferación de información engañosa que, en la mayoría de los casos, pretende influir en la opinión pública para perseguir un objetivo económico, social o político subyacente. Esto puede perjudicar a las organizaciones, a las marcas y a las personas, entre otros, derivando en muchas ocasiones en conclusiones precipitadas por parte de los usuarios que la consumen. En este contexto surge el término de la posverdad como una tendencia a priorizar la subjetividad de una interpretación a la verificación de hechos reales. El titular de una noticia está diseñado para resumir sucintamente su contenido, proporcionando al lector una comprensión clara de la misma. Desafortunadamente, en la era de la posverdad, los titulares están más enfocados en atraer la atención del lector que en presentar con precisión el contenido de la noticia. Esto abre una enorme oportunidad para difundir desinformación con la construcción de titulares falsos o distorsionados. Las técnicas tradicionales de verificación de hechos realizadas por humanos son definitivamente impracticables y obsoletas ante la cantidad de textos informativos que se generan incluso cada hora. En este trabajo se abordan soluciones novedosas utilizando Tecnologías de Lenguaje Humano (TLH) y técnicas de Inteligencia Artificial (IA). Esta investigación se ha desarrollado en un área donde se intersecan confusamente diferentes conceptos, herramientas y aproximaciones. Se parte de una ubicación en el estado del arte acerca de las principales soluciones relacionadas con la detección de titulares engañosos, detección de posturas, detección de contradicciones, interrelación entre estos elementos y verificación automática de hechos. A partir del problema enunciado y sus conceptos, se profundiza en diferentes estrategias de solución con la aspiración de proponer una aproximación que permita, con un enfoque suficientemente práctico, aportar a la detección de información engañosa en medios digitales lo que puede convertirse en una herramienta de alerta en el complejo ambiente antes descrito. Entre los elementos considerados, se valora la utilización de ML y de DL como técnicas tradicionales de trabajo en el espacio de estas soluciones, así como sus alcances y limitaciones. Además, se introduce la idea de sustituir el contenido de una noticia por un resumen suficientemente esencial y obtenido de manera automática. La memoria presenta de manera lógica el curso de la investigación que parte de lo conceptual y utiliza el pensamiento deductivo y experimental para alcanzar generalizaciones y aplicarlas deductivamente a la solución de problemas específicos. Con ello, se abordan determinadas tareas que pueden contribuir parcialmente a la solución de parte del problema planteado, se diseñan experimentos y se especifica la solución en el ámbito del idioma español donde no se reportan aportaciones similares. Se propone una arquitectura flexible para la detección de titulares engañosos que ha permitido implementar sobre ella dos prototipos cuyos resultados experimentales y documentados suponen un paso de avance hacia la automatización de esta tarea. Esta arquitectura alcanza resultados notables al ser aplicada sobre dos conjuntos de datos en idioma inglés y español. Siguiendo los principios y las experiencias adquiridas se presenta una aplicación de una arquitectura similar para la detección de noticias falsas, lo que hace presumir su posible generalidad. / Esta tesis ha sido financiada por la Generalitat Valenciana a través del proyecto “SIIA: Tecnologías del lenguaje humano para una sociedad inclusiva, igualitaria, y accesible” (PROMETEU/2018/089); y por FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación - Agencia Estatal de Investigación a través del proyecto “LIVINGLANG: Modelado del comportamiento de entidades digitales mediante tecnologías del lenguaje humano” (RTI2018-094653-B-C21 / C22).

In this thesis we deal with pragmatic aspects of language, specifically studying the classification of speech acts and conversational implicature. The theoretical part is concerned with the work of J. L. Austin, J. R. Searle and M. Grepl with an emphasis on differences in the classification of illocutionary acts. Then we deal with the maxim of politeness and pleasantries types according to P. Brown and S. C. Lewinson. In the practical part using analysis of advertising headlines and slogans we are trying to demonstrate the functionality of the classification of speech acts by individual authors. We try to also confirm the performative nature of these statements also implicitly expressed performative verbs. We are interested in the presence of the maxims of politeness in these texts and the consequent shift between different types of courtesy. The aim is to highlight the issue of classification of illocutionary acts and try to outline improvements to this shift. The assumption is that, although the classification struggling with inaccuracies, we thereunder able to distinguish different types of repetitive speeches. To complement these findings, we want to prove performative character of advertising texts, even assuming that there will be implicitly expressed performative verb and the presence of...

The purpose of this study is to compare and investigate how three nationwide sports media report on the same Allsvenskan football matches through push notifications, headlines and pull downs. In the study, the analyzed media included Sportbladet, Expressen and SVT Sport. By comparing and analyzing the media coverage of these pseudo events, the study aims to identify differences in news aspects, tonality and use of visual elements. The study further attempts to illustrate how different media convey and shape football news to their readers and how this can affect the interpretation and perception of events in Swedish football. We examined 69 headlines and 69 pull downs in total – 24 each from Expressen and Sportbladet and 21 from SVT Sport. 72 push notifications in total were also examined – 33 from Sportbladet, 31 from Expressen and eight from SVT Sport.  The study has been made with a qualitative and quantitative content analysis where the authors have been working with separate analyses with push notifications on one hand, and headlines and pull downs on the other hand. The qualitative analysis (critical discourse analysis) consisted of four different themes to cover the result. The quantitative analysis was made by six diagrams – all to shed light on the actual result. The theoretical framework is based on theories of framing, pseudo events and news evaluation, combined with previous research on headlines and push notifications, the medialization of elite sports, the commercialization of journalism, the meaning of Swedish sports journalism and the reporting on Allsvenskan. The study’s result shows that there are both differences and similarities in their strategy when it comes to headlines, pull downs and push notifications. The biggest difference, however, is between the commercial media (Sportbladet and Expressen) and publicly funded  SVT Sport. The commercial media is more keen on using sensational language and often hides information in the headlines. They also find different ways of making a headline rather than the result of the football game more often than SVT. The three media also like to represent big losers and winners and also scapegoats and heroes. Conceptual metaphors are also widely used. SVT Sport were also more informative in their headlines, but at the same time they also used a more varied language. Many of the headlines seem also to be written on pure routine. When it comes to push notifications the language and strategy was similar – but the commercial media sent out significantly more push notifications regarding Allsvenskan than SVT Sport.

The diploma thesis is focused on an analysis of the first sentences of newspaper articles namely from an aspect of the topic-focus articulation, which is expressed in Czech primarily by word order. The word order depending on the increasing communicative dynamism of words in the sentence might be changed from an objective word order if new information follows known or before mentioned information into subjective word order resulting in a reverse order. E.g.: The CEZ group showed record profit of 52 milliard CZK last year, a reverse word order: (literal translation) Record profit (Obj) of 52 milliard CZK the CEZ group(Subj) showed last year. In our thesis, we describe the above mentioned changes and we determine sets of cases comprising the modifications and we attempt to specify kinds of rules and principles resulting in different word orders. The sentence in the case of the subjective word order begins with an object, an adverbial of time, place, or condition. Anyway, not always a sentence constituent at the beginning of the sentence indicates the subjective word order. A significant role in the analysis is played by head- lines, which affect considerably the result. We focus ou attention on sentences expressing a placement on the scene. These sentences are assessed in relation with the head-lines...