abstract: Food production and consumption directly impacts the environment and human health. Protein in particular has significant cultural and health implications, and how people make decisions about what type of protein they eat has not been studied directly. Many decision tools exist to offer recommendations for seafood, but neglect livestock or plant protein. This study attempts to address these shortcomings in food decision science and tools by asking the questions: 1) What qualities of a dietary protein-based decision tool make it effective? 2) What do people consider when making decisions about what type of protein to consume? Using literature review, meta-analysis, and surveys, this study attempts to determine how the knowledge gained from answering these questions can be used to develop an electronic tool to engage consumers in making sustainable and healthy decisions about protein consumption. The data show that, given environmental and health information about the protein types, people in the sample of farmers market shoppers are more likely to purchase wild salmon and organically grown soybeans, and less likely to purchase grain-fed beef. However, the order of preference among the six types of protein did not change. Additional results suggest that there is a disconnect between consumers and sources of dietary protein, indicating a need for improved education. Inconsistency in labeling and information regarding protein types is a large source of confusion for consumers who participated in the survey, highlighting the need for transparency. Results of this study suggest that decisions tools may help improve decision making, but new ways of using them need to be considered to achieve this. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Liberal Studies 2015

Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2018-03-08T15:04:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCS17MA165.pdf: 672855 bytes, checksum: 96c8cbad495c26a671647f8e66eb4fea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-08T15:04:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCS17MA165.pdf: 672855 bytes, checksum: 96c8cbad495c26a671647f8e66eb4fea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-17 / Capes / The aim of this work was to quantify the acidic and soluble contents of the essential elements Ca, Mg, N, Cu, Mn and Zn of the toxic elements Al, Cd and Pb in four brands of yerba mate marketed in the city of Lages- SC. Samples of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hill.) Were commercially purchased from supermarkets in the city of Lages, SC. Four brands of commercial yerba mate were selected. All samples have the same date of manufacture, March 2016. The grinding is type PN-1. The samples were oven dried at 65 C ° for 24 h, crushed and sieved in 2 mm mesh. For the total content, the nitro-perchloric digestion was used according to the Manual of Methods of Tissue Analysis used in Embrapa and for the total N, content the sulfur digestion method was used. Infusion was weighed 1.5 g of yerba mate to 10 ml of deionized water, with contact time of 10 minutes, at temperatures of 70, 80 and 90 °C. The quantification of the elements was performed in ICP-OES. On average, the highest levels obtained for all infused elements were at 70 ° C. The nutrients Ca, Mg, N, Cu, Mn and Zn were transferred to the chimarrão. The levels of infused Cd are above the maximum values allowed by the legislation for infusions. However, for Pb content, only the M4 mark is above permitted / Esse trabalho teve como objetivo quantificar os teores via digestão ácida e solúveis em infusão dos elementos essenciais Ca, Mg, N, Cu, Mn e Zn dos elementos tóxicos Al, Cd e Pb em quatro marcas de erva-mate comercializadas na cidade de Lages-SC. As amostras de ervamate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hill.) foram adquiridas comercialmente em supermercados da cidade de Lages, SC. foram selecionadas quatro marcas de erva-mate comerciais. Todas as amostras, possuem a mesma data de fabricação, mês de março de 2016. A moagem é do tipo PN-1. As amostras foram secas em estufa à 65 C° por 24 h, trituradas e peneiradas em malha 2mm. Para o teor total utilizou-se a digestão nitro-perclórica, de acordo com o Manual de Métodos de Análises de Tecidos utilizados na Embrapa e para o teor total de N, foi utilizado o método de digestão sulfúrica. Para a infusão foi pesado 1,5 g de erva-mate para 10 ml de água deionizada, com tempo de contato de 10 minutos, em temperaturas de 70 ,80 e 90 °C. A quantificação dos elementos foi realizada em ICP-OES. Em média os maiores teores obtidos para todos os elementos em infusão foi a 70 °C. Os nutrientes Ca, Mg, N, Cu, Mn e Zn foram transferidos para o chimarrão. Os teores de Cd em infusão encontram-se acima dos valores máximo permitidos pela legislação para infusões. Entretanto para teor Pb, apenas a marca M4 encontra-se acima do permitido

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-02-16T16:03:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Talita Souza.pdf: 1684863 bytes, checksum: 361f3f43c52173bf714ce36b5d4bdbc2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-16T16:03:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Talita Souza.pdf: 1684863 bytes, checksum: 361f3f43c52173bf714ce36b5d4bdbc2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-04 / CAPES / Os agrotóxicos foram utilizados primeiramente na saúde pública, a fim de combater vetores que causam doenças. Posteriormente seu uso tornou-se intensivo na agricultura, com intenção de melhorar a produção e a aparência dos produtos. Atualmente o Brasil é o maior consumidor de defensivos agrícolas do mundo, e isto é um fato preocupante, visto que a exposição a esses agentes tóxicos pode trazer sérios riscos à saúde humana e meio ambiente. A Cipermetrina (Cp) e Metomil (Mt) são agrotóxicos largamente utilizados na agricultura brasileira. Conquanto a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) tenha estabelecido a Ingestão Diária Aceitável (IDA) de ambos isoladamente, é sabido que o consumidor está exposto a misturas de praguicidas por meio de sua dieta. No entanto, a maioria das pesquisas estudam os efeitos dos agrotóxicos isoladamente, sendo limitado o número de trabalhos que analisam as combinações desses compostos. Diante disso, avaliamos o potencial genotóxico, pelo ensaio cometa, e mutagênico, pelo teste do micronúcleo, de misturas de formulações comerciais de Mt e Cp em doses baixas. Setenta camundongos foram distribuídos em sete grupos. O grupo controle negativo (CN) recebeu água destilada (veículo de diluição). O controle positivo (CP) recebeu ciclofosfamida (20 mg/kg). Três grupos receberam misturas: A (0,05mg Mt + 0,0625 mg Cp), B (0,005mg Mt + 0,0125mg Cp) e C (0,0005mg Mt + 0,00125mg Cp). O grupo D recebeu apenas Mt (0,05mg) e o E apenas Cp (0,0625 mg). Os resultados de cada grupo foram comparados entre si pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis com análise a posteriori, usando a estratégia de testes t par-a-par com correção de Bonferroni (p< 0,05). Todas as misturas apresentaram efeito genotóxico e apenas a mistura na maior concentração (A) foi mutagênica. Quando isolados, apenas a Cp apresentou atividade genotóxica significativa; entretanto, a média do dano de E foi menor que a encontrada nas três misturas estudadas. Desta forma, conclui-se que os efeitos do Mt e Cp são potencializados quando estes estão associados, mesmo em doses baixas, podendo causar danos à saúde. / Pesticides were firstly used in public health in order to tackle disease vectors. Afterwards,in order to improve agricultural production and products good appearance,their use in crops became intensive. Currently, Brazil is the largest consumer of pesticides in the world; the exposure to these toxic agents can pose serious risks to human health and to the environment. Cypermethrin (Cp) and Methomyl (Mt) are pesticides widely used in Brazilian agriculture. While the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) has established their Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), consumers are exposed to mixtures of pesticides through food. Nonetheless, most of studies consider the effects of isolated pesticides, when few studies analyze the combinations of compounds. Here, we evaluated the genotoxic and mutagenic effects of low doses of Mt and Cp mixtures obtained from commercial formulations. To do that, seventy mice, divided in seven groups,were used to perform comet assay and micronucleus test. The negative control group received distilled water (dilution vehicle of pesticides),while positive control group received cyclophosphamide (20 mg / kg). Three groups received mixtures of Mt and Cp: A (0.05 mg Mt + 0.0625 mg Cp), B (0.005 mg Mt + 0,0125mg Cp) and C (0,0005mg Mt + 0,00125mg Cp). The D group received only Mt (0.05 mg) and E group received only Cp (0.0625 mg). Kruskal-Wallis test was performed for statistical analysis; subsequently, a multiple comparison was performedusing t tests and Bonferroni correction (α = 0.05). All mixtures presented genotoxic effect and only the mixture at the highest concentration (A) has presented mutagenic effect. The mixtures presented higher genotoxic and mutagenic effects than isolated pesticides at same concentrations (p < 0,05); only Cp showed significant genotoxic activity. Thus, the effects of Mt and Cp are enhanced when they are associated, even at low doses. Results presented here suggest that mixtures of Mt and Cp have different effects in health than that shown by then whenisolated. Therefore, the relationship pesticides-health must be investigated with basis in real exposure patterns.

Estudos de coeficiente de partição mostram que o valor de Kp do metal pode variar ordens de grandeza conforme as características físico-químicas do solo. Portanto, o Kp é um parâmetro sensível no modelo de avaliação de risco à saúde humana, e normalmente é um valor nominal adotado por agências ambientais que pode não representar adequadamente o solo em estudo e implicar erros no cálculo do risco. Este trabalho tem como objetivos: avaliar a contaminação do solo adjacente à usina termoelétrica de Figueira por metais tóxicos; determinar o Kp dos metais As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb e Zn no solo pela razão entre a concentração do metal obtida por digestão com HNO3 concentrado e a concentração do metal obtida por extração com EDTA 0,05 mol L-1 (KpEDTA) ou Ca(NO3)2 0,1 mol L-1 (KpCa(NO3)2); e avaliar a influência do uso dos diferentes valores de Kp no modelo de avaliação de risco à saúde humana C-Soil no cálculo do risco. As principais conclusões foram: os metais contaminantes do solo de Figueira foram As, Cd, Mo, Pb e Zn, e o As foi o elemento mais crítico; tanto o valor de KpCa(NO3)2 quanto o de KpEDTA poderiam ser utilizados no cálculo do risco à saúde humana, no caso de Figueira, exceto para o Pb, mas o KpEDTA seria mais recomendado, por apresentar valores com menor dispersão; os valores nominais de KpCSoil dos metais poderiam ser utilizados para o cálculo de risco à saúde humana no caso de Figueira, ou seja, não teria necessidade de se determinar valores de Kp locais (KpEDTA e KpCa(NO3)2), exceto para o Pb. / Studies of partition coefficient show that Kp values of metals can vary orders of magnitude according to the soil physical-chemistry characteristics. Therefore, the Kp is a sensible parameter in human health risk assessment model. In general, a default value is adopted by environmental agencies and often it is not represent suitably the soil studied and can cause errors in the risk calculation. The objectives of this work are: evaluate the heavy metals soil contamination around the Figueira coal-fired power plant; determine the metal Kp of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn in soil by the ratio between the metal concentration obtained by concentrate HNO3 digestion and the metal concentration obtained by extraction with EDTA 0,05 mol L-1 (KpEDTA) or Ca(NO3)2 0,1 mol L-1 (KpCa(NO3)2); and evaluate the influence of the application of different Kp values in human health risk assessment C-Soil model in risk calculation. The main conclusions of the present study were: As, Cd, Mo, Pb e Zn were the Figueira soil metal contaminants, being As the pollunt of major human health concern; either KpCa(NO3)2 or KpEDTA values could be used for human health risk calculation, in Figueira case, except for Pb, and the KpEDTA values were preferably recommended due to the less dispersion of their values; the KpCSoil metals default values could be applied for the human health risk calculation in Figueira case, in other words, it would not have necessity to determine Kp values of region (KpEDTA and KpCa(NO3)2), except to Pb.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O tema da Saúde do Homem ficou mais visível para a sociedade brasileira a partir do ano de 2009, em que o Ministério da Saúde lançou a Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem (PNAISH) para faixa etária dos 25 a 59 anos. A pesquisa insere-se no atual contexto da implantação da PNAISH das equipes de saúde no município de Boa Vista, Roraima. O interesse da pesquisa surgiu pela importância das equipes de saúde para que sejam esclarecidas e preparadas para atender a demanda masculina, assim como conhecer os pressupostos e as expectativas em relação à implementação dessa política observada pelos coordenadores do programa, possibilitando o entendimento e ações que proporcionam maior cobertura do cuidado à saúde masculina com promoção e prevenção à saúde. Diante disso, surgiu a questão norteadora do estudo: como são desenvolvidas as atividades de cuidados humanizados realizados pelo enfermeiro a Saúde do Homem na ESF em Boa Vista? O estudo teve como objetivo, conhecer e compreender as atividades que viabilizam o cuidado humanizado da população masculina, desenvolvidas pelos enfermeiros na rede de atenção básica do município de Boa Vista-RR. A modalidade de pesquisa escolhida foi qualitativa fenomenológica, apoiada no referencial de Edmund Husserl e Edith Stein e interpretada por Bello, sendo que o método fenomenológico permite o modo de compreender e analisar o ser humano na sua totalidade - física, psíquica e espiritual, o que possibilita um aprofundamento e uma correlação entre a sua interioridade e exterioridade e evidencia-se nos desdobramentos das análises desenvolvidas. O mesmo foi submetido ao Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR) com aprovação, atendendo aos critérios da resolução 466/2012 que regulamenta a pesquisa com seres humanos, cumpridos todos os preceitos ético-legais. Dentre os participantes da pesquisa foram selecionados nove (09) enfermeiros das Unidades de Saúde, incluídos como critério de seleção apenas um enfermeiro de cada macroárea, pelo fato que esses profissionais geralmente coordenam os programas de saúde, participam da assistência dos usuários do posto de saúde. Na análise fenomenológica das experiências dos participantes foi apreendido dois pontos essenciais para a discussão: Compreensão do Conceito de Saúde e Políticas Públicas e Compreensão da atuação do Enfermeiro na Atenção Básica para Saúde do Homem. As principais ações do cuidado desenvolvidas pelos enfermeiros mediante as contribuições de Husserl e Stein de modo significativo do lugar epistemológico do humano estão relacionado aos aspectos biológicos, mas biopsicossocial e cultural, desse olhar fenomenológico. Concluindo, ao compreender os aspectos que facilitam e&#8725;ou dificultam o vínculo masculino ao programa de saúde do homem no município, está diretamente relacionado ao Planejamento Estratégico dos Serviços de Saúde, onde envolve os gestores, coordenadores e equipe. A identificação desses aspectos torna-se ponto relevante nesta pesquisa, pois oferece à possibilidade de subsidiar novas discussões referentes à temática. Além disso, constitui-se uma importante ferramenta a ser utilizada na construção coletiva de estratégias que gradativamente eliminem e/ou potencializam os elementos envolvidos na acessibilidade do público masculino a estes serviços de saúde, fortalecimento das ações humanizadas de promoção e prevenção na prática do enfermeiro.

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-21T15:13:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 gabriellerabeloquadra.pdf: 2085169 bytes, checksum: 5108ddde0dcf7f981be518facd560aa1 (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: on 2017-08-24T11:31:31Z (GMT) / Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-24T13:21:00Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-30T12:29:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-30T12:29:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-02-24 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / - / Aquatic ecosystems provide many services to humanity, despite this; water pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems worldwide. Reservoirs, including ones used for water supply, receive from tributaries, or directly, several effluents from human activities that contain a pool of pollutants. Reservoir sediments work as sink or source for pollutants depending on environmental conditions. Therefore, pollutants present in these aquatic compartments can return to the water column or transfer through the food chain, where they can be toxic to biota and even to humans. Contaminants in the environment can cause mutagenic effects that can accumulate in DNA and harm a whole population. Then, genotoxicity tests, such as Allium cepa assay, may be used to evaluate the extent of environmental pollution, since synergistic effects might occur and physicochemical analysis just provide the presence of pollutants. Studies focusing on the presence of chemical compounds in reservoirs sediments and their toxicity are crucial. In this context, the study aimed to investigate contamination in sediments by metals in Brazilian reservoirs, as well as potential ecological risk and potential to cause cytogenotoxicity in A. cepa. Copper, chromium, cadmium, lead, zinc and iron were measured in sediment samples from six Brazilian reservoirs. Besides that, the surface layer of sediment was submitted to a resuspension simulation to the water column, and sediment solution was submitted to Allium cepa assay and metals analysis. Our findings showed that these reservoirs seem to be influenced by agricultural, industrial and domestical effluents because of the presence of copper, cadmium, and zinc above threshold effect levels in some samples and a potential ecological risk was observed. More than that decrease mitotic index and increase chromosomal aberrations in all treatments (except Furnas reservoir) showed cytogenotoxic effects. The presence of metals and other possibly inorganic and organic pollutants may be answerable for cytogenotoxic effects observed. In this sense, just chemical analyses were not enough to evaluate the extent of environmental pollution in sediments and its impact. We need to use more tools combined with chemical analysis to provide a better understand of pollution in aquatic ecosystems. It is important to implement law and regulations that are more efficient, intensive monitoring, sewage treatment and reforestation of riparian zones to protect these systems, including preventing public health problems.

Quantitative soil ingestion studies employing a mass balance tracer approach have been used to determine soil ingestion rate for use in human health risk assessments (HHRAs). Past studies have focused on soil ingestion in populations living in urban/suburban environments and the results have been highly variable. Moreover, there is a paucity of reliable quantitative soil ingestion data to support human health risk assessments of other lifestyles that may be predisposed to ingesting soil, such as indigenous populations following traditional lifestyles. Thus, the primary objective of the research was to determine if populations following lifestyles typical of traditional land use practices in rural or wilderness areas ingest more soil than populations living in urban or suburban environments. Further, the research investigated the use of alternative mass balance tracers, specifically isotopes of the 238U and 232Th decay series, to reduce soil ingestion estimate variability. Mass balance tracer methods were developed and validated in a pilot canine study, and methods using isotope tracers were adapted to permit quantification of sediment ingestion in the benthic fish Moxostoma macrolepidotum (Shorthead Redhorse Sucker). A pilot human soil ingestion study of 7 subjects from an Aboriginal community in British Columbia was conducted over a 3-week period. The mean soil ingestion rate calculated using the daily means of the 4 elemental tracers with the lowest food-to-soil ratios (i.e., Al, Ce, La, Si) was observed to be approximately 74 mg d-1 (standard deviation 91 mg d-1), The median soil ingestion rate was 60 mg d-1, and the 90th percentile was 196 mg d-1. These soil ingestion rate estimates are higher than those currently recommended for HHRAs of adults, and higher than those obtained in most previous studies of adults. However, the estimates are much lower than the earlier qualitative assessments for subsistence lifestyles (i.e., 330-400 mg d-1). The study results also demonstrated that isotopes of the 238U and 232Th decay series radionuclide are not reliable mass balance tracers for estimating soil ingestion in humans; however, they may be useful for quantifying soil and sediment ingestion in wildlife.

abstract: Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are added to numerous consumer products to enhance their effectiveness, whether it be for environmental remediation, mechanical properties, or as dietary supplements. Uses of ENMs include adding to enhance products, carbon for strength or dielectric properties, silver for antimicrobial properties, zinc oxide for UV sun-blocking properties, titanium dioxide for photocatalysis, or silica for desiccant properties. However, concerns arise from ENM functional properties that can impact the environment and a lack of regulation regarding ENMs leads to potential public exposure to ENMs and results in ill-informed public or manufacturer perceptions of ENMs. My dissertation evaluates the environmental, human health, and societal impacts of using ENMs, with a focus on ionic silver and nanosilver, in consumer and industrial products. Reproducible experiments served as functional assays to assess ENM distributions among various environmental matrices. Functional assay results were visualized using radar plots and aid in a framework to estimate likely ENM disposition in the environment. To assess beneficial uses of ENMs, bromide ion removal from drinking waters to limit disinfection by-product formation was studied. Silver-enabled graphene oxide materials were capable of removing bromide from water, and exhibited less competition from background solutes (e.g. natural organic matter) when compared against solely ionic silver addition to water for bromide removal. To assess complex interactions of ENMs with the microbiome, batch experiments were performed using fecal samples spiked with ionic silver or commercial dietary silver nanoparticles. Dietary nanosilver and ionic silver exposures to the fecal microbiome for 24 hours reduce short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and changes the relative abundance of the microbiota. To understand the social perceptions of ENMS, statistically rigorous surveys were conducted to assess related perceptions related to the use of ENMs in drinking water treatment devices the general public and, separately, industrial manufacturers. These stakeholders are influenced by costs and efficiency of the technologies, consumer concerns of the safety of technologies, and environmental health and safety of the technologies. This dissertation represents novel research that took an interdisciplinary approach, spanning from wet-lab engineering bench scale testing to social science survey assessments to better understand the environmental, human health, and societal impacts of using ENMs such as nanosilver and ionic silver in industrial processes and consumer products. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering 2020

Thesis (M. Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / This mini-dissertation deals with the legal analysis of the prohibition of marine pollution. It is found that the harmful effects of marine pollution on the marine ecosystem, human health and the economy is a problem that needs to be solved immediately. International Conventions and different legislation have been drafted in order to regulate, reduce, mitigate or stop marine pollution. Despite the existence of these conventions and legislation, this problem continues unabated. Large numbers of marine species are known to be harmed and killed as a result of marine pollution. Marine pollution did not receive much attention until many species in the sea and the marine ecosystem faced adverse consequences resulting from marine pollution. Although it has become a global concern, most nations are still producing huge pollution loads. This mini-dissertation analyses the legal framework and the sources of marine pollution, the effects of marine pollution on the marine ecosystem and human health. Furthermore, it makes a comparative analysis between South Africa as developing country and Australia as a developed country in order to determine what South Africa could learn from Australia. The study makes recommendations on how marine pollution can be solved, mitigated or combatted. / National Research Foundation (NRF)

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The increasing evidence of chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) in water bodies is causing major concern around the world because of their toxicological effects upon humans and aquatic organisms. The release of wastewater to the aquatic environment is most likely to introduce some trace levels of organic contaminants, some of which may be toxic, carcinogenic, or endocrine disruptors, as well as, persistent in the environment. These compounds are often persistent but not regularly monitored because they are mostly still excluded from environmental legislation. Their fate and persistence in the environment are not well understood