This diploma thesis is focused on creating schematic maps and their using in public transport system. It describes methods of making and individual variations of these maps. Further, the thesis is trying to evaluate and classify the available czech and world cartographic works with this content. Based on this analysis are proposed the new alternative solutions of schematic map in public transport in Nový Jičín.

During the past few years, Building Information Modeling (BIM) started to gain acceptance within the AEC industry. But, as with many software products for project management, BIM currently faces significant issues and obstacles that hinder its widespread use. The broad goal of this study is to improve BIM implementation in mid-size firms during the Schematic Design (SD) and Design Development (DD) phases. The study has four main objectives. First, mapping the existing BIM related process model in mid-size firms, and modeling the flow of information between BIM users inside these firms. Second, identifying the challenges that are currently facing BIM users during the Schematic Design (SD) and Design Development (DD) phases, because of the importance of these phases in making critical decisions that directly affect the building life cycle. Then, linking these challenges to a BIM related business process model in order to identify when and how these issues occur. Third, exploring the structural conditions that may change or affect the BIM workflow. Fourth, the study proposes a new business process model that can enhance BIM implementation in mid-size firms. The study is qualitative in nature, and based on interviews with a sample of BIM users involved in mid-size firms in the USA. The researcher attempted to capture BIM issues and the flow of information between BIM users through case studies and interviews inside their firms. Also, the researcher involved a new group of BIM users in the research to seek their feedback, in order to generalize the research results. / Ph. D.

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Enligt den svenska läroplanen, LPO 94, är utvecklandet av elevernas historiemedvetande en av de viktigaste uppgifterna för undervisningen i ämnet historia. Det finns dock i forskningen ännu inga vedertagna beskrivningar av hur ett historiemedvetande känns igen i elevers uttryck och hur en progression av detta medvetande kan mätas. Föreliggande uppsats undersöker historiemedvetandet hos 50 barn mellan 4 och 10 år på två skolor och en förskola. Barnen delades efter ålder in i fokusgrupper och presenterades ett antal olika gamla vardagsföremål av samma typ, till exempel tre olika gamla telefoner. I samtal med uppsatsens författare och en pedagog diskuterades det temporala sambandet mellan föremålen. Samtalen i fokusgrupperna videofilmades och transkriberades. I analysen undersöktes framförallt om barnen i sina utsagor kunde foga samman föremålen i narrativa sekvenser och om de i dessa sekvenser använde sig av någon narrativ mall. Narrativa mallar är de socialt, historiskt och kulturellt framförhandlade strukturer kring vilka berättelser byggs upp. Därför kan narrativa mallar betraktas som kulturella verktyg med vilka vi agerar i verkligheten men som också genom internalisering förändrar vår varseblivning av densamma. Den teoretiska basen för analysen utgörs av Lev Vygotskijs sociokulturella teori och James V. Wertschs utveckling av denna. Jerome Bruners narrativa teorier är också centrala. Progression av historiemedvetande tolkas i studien som ett ökat kvalitativt användande av sociokulturella verktyg framförallt i form av narrativa mallar. Resultatet av studien visar att de fyra- och femåringar som omfattas av studien inte använde narrativa mallar. Sjuåringarna använde narrativa mallar i sina berättelser men inte på samma varierade och kritiska sätt som tioåringarna. Studien visar att sociokulturella analyser av barns berättande kan vara en framkomlig väg i sökandet efter en progression av historiemedvetande. / According to the Swedish curriculum, Lpo 94, the development of students' historical consciousness is one of the major tasks in teaching history. There are, however, in research no accepted descriptions of how a historical consciousness is recognized in students' expressions and how a progression of this consciousness can be measured. This paper examines historical consciousness in 50 children ages 4 to 100 at two schools and one kindergarten. The children were divided by age into focus groups and presented a variety of old everyday objects of the same type, for example, three old phones. In conversations with the report's author and a teacher, the group discussed the temporal relationship between the objects. The talks in the focus groups were videotaped and transcribed. The analysis focused primarily if the children in their statements could put together objects in a narrative sequences and if they made any use of a schematic narrative template. Narrative templates are socially, historically and culturally negotiated structures around which stories are built up. Therefore, the narrative templates are considered cultural tools with which we act in reality but they also by internalization alter our perception of it. The theoretical basis for the analysis consists of Lev Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory and James V. Wertsch’s development of this. Jerome Bruners narrative theories are also important. Progression of historical consciousness is interpreted as an increased qualitative use of sociocultural tools especially in the form of schematic narrative templates. The study showed that the four- and five-year olds did not use narrative templates. The seven-year olds used narrative templates but not in the same varied and critical way as the ten-year olds. The study shows that sociocultural analysis of children's narrative constructs can be a way forward in search of a description of progression of historical consciousness.

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This exploratory study aims to elucidate the mental processes of wayfinding in an outdoor area and the effects of map contour representations, map color, individual differences of users (gender, brain dominance, experience level, and cultural differences), and environmental cues using a field study in an established trail network in Jefferson National Forest. Six maps with three different contour representations (contour lines, shaded relief, and schematic) and two color codes (color and black-and-white) were tested for wayfinding performance. Thirty-six participants of different nationalities (Locals versus Internationals), experience in map usage (experienced versus novice), handedness, and gender took part in the study. Three out of ten junctions on the test route had directional signs while the rest had no sign. The participants performed wayfinding tasks in a national forest trail park, using the think aloud and retrospective protocols to obtain the information processes used by the participants during wayfinding. Subjective feedback was also obtained to find out users' map preferences and opinions on their experience during the experiment. Multiple regression analyses were used to predict the relationship of the predictor variables to wayfinding performance. It was found that cultural differences and signage presence were significant predictors of decision-making accuracy at trail junctions. The rest of the predictors were not significant in predicting total time of completion, time for decision-making at junction, accuracy of decision-making, and time deviated from route due to choosing a wrong path at junction. Cultural differences were also significant in the prediction of the time deviated from route. It was also found that the participants were using maps to derived route information for wayfinding. They utilized structural matching of the map with the terrain, by orientation principle, to continuously check the current position on the map. There was some evidence of participants gaining survey knowledge from the map during wayfinding but this could not be confirmed by the study. A set of design guidelines were given for map and trail design to improve the wayfinding performance of recreational users. / Master of Science

Dans cette thèse, on étudie des problèmes liés à la vérification de systèmes (logiciels). On s’intéresseplus particulièrement à la conception sûre de procédures de décision utilisées en vérification. De plus, onconsidère également un problème de modularité pour un langage de modélisation utilisé dans la plateformede vérification Why.De nombreux problèmes de vérification peuvent se réduire à un problème de satisfaisabilité modulodes théories (SMT). Pour construire des procédures de satisfaisabilité, Armando et al. ont proposé en2001 une approche basée sur la réécriture. Cette approche utilise un calcul général pour le raisonnementéquationnel appelé paramodulation. En général, une application équitable et exhaustive des règles ducalcul de paramodulation (PC) conduit à une procédure de semi-décision qui termine sur les entréesinsatisfaisables (la clause vide est alors engendrée), mais qui peut diverger sur les entrées satisfaisables.Mais ce calcul peut aussi terminer pour des théories intéressantes en vérification, et devient ainsi uneprocédure de décision. Pour raisonner sur ce calcul, un calcul de paramodulation schématique (SPC)a été étudié, en particulier pour prouver automatiquement la décidabilité de théories particulières etde leurs combinaisons. L’avantage de ce calcul SPC est que s’il termine sur une seule entrée abstraite,alors PC termine pour toutes les entrées concrètes correspondantes. Plus généralement, SPC est unoutil automatique pour vérifier des propriétés de PC telles que la terminaison, la stable infinité et lacomplétude de déduction.Une contribution majeure de cette thèse est un environnement de prototypage pour la conception etla vérification de procédures de décision. Cet environnement, basé sur des fondements théoriques, estla première implantation du calcul de paramodulation schématique. Il a été complètement implanté surla base solide fournie par le système Maude mettant en oeuvre la logique de réécriture. Nous montronsque ce prototype est très utile pour dériver la décidabilité et la combinabilité de théories intéressantes enpratique pour la vérification.Cet environnement est appliqué à la conception d’un calcul de paramodulation schématique dédié àune arithmétique de comptage. Cette contribution est la première extension de la notion de paramodulationschématique à une théorie prédéfinie. Cette étude a conduit à de nouvelles techniques de preuveautomatique qui sont différentes de celles utilisées manuellement dans la littérature. Les hypothèses permettantd’appliquer nos techniques de preuves sont faciles à satisfaire pour les théories équationnellesavec opérateurs de comptage. Nous illustrons notre contribution théorique sur des théories représentantdes extensions de structures de données classiques comme les listes ou les enregistrements.Nous avons également contribué au problème de la spécification modulaire pour les classes et méthodesJava génériques. Nous proposons des extensions du language de modélisation Krakatoa, faisant partiede la plateforme Why qui permet de prouver qu’un programme C ou Java est correct par rapport à saspécification. Les caractéristiques essentielles de notre apport sont l’introduction de la paramétricité à lafois pour les types et les théories, ainsi qu’une relation d’instantiation entre les théories. Les extensionsproposées sont illustrées sur deux exemples significatifs: tri de tableaux et fonctions de hachage.Les deux problèmes traités dans cette thèse ont pour point commun les solveurs SMT. Les procéduresde décision sont les moteurs des solveurs SMT, et la plateforme Why engendre des conditions devérification dérivées d’un programme source annoté, qu’elle transmet aux solveurs SMT (ou assistants depreuve) pour vérifier la correction du programme.Mots-clés: / In this thesis we address problems related to the verification of software-based systems. We aremostly interested in the (safe) design of decision procedures used in verification. In addition, we alsoconsider a modularity problem for a modeling language used in the Why verification platform.Many verification problems can be reduced to a satisfiability problem modulo theories (SMT). In orderto build satisfiability procedures Armando et al. have proposed in 2001 an approach based on rewriting.This approach uses a general calculus for equational reasoning named paramodulation. In general, afair and exhaustive application of the rules of paramodulation calculus (PC) leads to a semi-decisionprocedure that halts on unsatisfiable inputs (the empty clause is then generated) but may diverge onsatisfiable ones. Fortunately, it may also terminate for some theories of interest in verification, and thusit becomes a decision procedure. To reason on the paramodulation calculus, a schematic paramodulationcalculus (SPC) has been studied, notably to automatically prove decidability of single theories and oftheir combinations. The advantage of SPC is that if it halts for one given abstract input, then PC haltsfor all the corresponding concrete inputs. More generally, SPC is an automated tool to check propertiesof PC like termination, stable infiniteness and deduction completeness.A major contribution of this thesis is a prototyping environment for designing and verifying decisionprocedures. This environment, based on the theoretical studies, is the first implementation of theschematic paramodulation calculus. It has been implemented from scratch on the firm basis provided bythe Maude system based on rewriting logic. We show that this prototype is very useful to derive decidabilityand combinability of theories of practical interest in verification. It helps testing new saturationstrategies and experimenting new extensions of the original (schematic) paramodulation calculus.This environment has been applied for the design of a schematic paramodulation calculus dedicated tothe theory of Integer Offsets. This contribution is the first extension of the notion of schematic paramodulationto a built-in theory. This study has led to new automatic proof techniques that are different fromthose performed manually in the literature. The assumptions to apply our proof techniques are easyto satisfy for equational theories with counting operators. We illustrate our theoretical contribution ontheories representing extensions of classical data structures such as lists and records.We have also addressed the problem of modular specification of generic Java classes and methods.We propose extensions to the Krakatoa Modeling Language, a part of the Why platform for provingthat a Java or C program is a correct implementation of some specification. The key features arethe introduction of parametricity both for types and for theories and an instantiation relation betweentheories. The proposed extensions are illustrated on two significant examples: the specification of thegeneric method for sorting arrays and for generic hash map.Both problems considered in this thesis are related to SMT solvers. Firstly, decision procedures areat the core of SMT solvers. Secondly, the Why platform extracts verification conditions from a sourceprogram annotated by specifications, and then transmits them to SMT solvers or proof assistants to checkthe program correctness.

In this thesis it is argued that Kant's Copernican turn depends on his doctrine of the imagination, and that by understanding the role of imagination as symbolic rather than schematic, the resources are provided to show that his critical philosophy has more radical possibilities than those of his post-Kantian critics. To display this, it is first pointed out that the crucial role the imagination plays in Kant's Copernican turn is not fully developed in his first Critique. Next, it is argued that Kant's doctrine of the imagination is not fully realized until the third Critique in which Kant radicalizes his notion of constructivism by introducing a distinction between determinative and reflective judgments. Finally, it is suggested that while Hegel believes that Kant?s idealism is not dynamic enough to support a full-fledged constructivism, in fact, when Kant?s mature doctrine of the imagination is taken into account, this is no longer the case because Kant believes that our particular experiences of the world unfold artistically and creatively according to the work of the imagination. It is suggested, therefore, that in many ways Kant anticipates the developments of thinkers such as Hegel and other post- Kantians and may even continue to lie beyond them.

This work includes the complete design of a prototype embedded system for displaying information from a vehicle. ELM327 chip is described and its basic use. Work also describes the development of the diagnostic socket for  vehicles in European countries. Also contains a complete description of developing schematic, printed circuit board and firmware implementation. The thesis describes the use of realtime operating system in embedded system.