In tissue engineering applications, use of biodegradable and biocompatible materials are essential. As the tissue regenerate itself on the material surface, the material degrades with enzymatic or hydrolytic reactions. After a certain time, natural tissue takes the place of the artificial support. Poly(&epsilon / -caprolactone) (PCL) is one of the preferable polymers used in the restoration of the bone defects due to its desirable mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Addition of inorganic calcium phosphate particles in PCL structures can improve the mechanical properties as well as osteoconductivity / and presence of an antibiotic can prevent infection that may occur at the defect site. In this study, three forms of biodegradable hard tissue supports which are bone fillers, bone regenerative membranes and 3D scaffolds were designed and prepared. As biodegradable bone fillers, composite microspheres containing gelatin and &beta / -tricalcium phosphate (&beta / -TCP) were prepared and characterized. Synthesized &beta / -TCP particles were coated with gelatin at different weight ratios and the effects of &beta / -TCP/Gelatin ratio on the morphology of the microspheres were evaluated. Also, a model antibiotic, gentamicin, was loaded to these microspheres and release behaviours of the drug and its antibacterial effect on E.Coli was determined. The selected composition of these microspherical bone fillers were used as additives in the preparation of bone regenerative membranes and scaffolds. For this purpose, microspheres were added into PCL solution and processed by either solvent casting or freeze-drying in order to prepare bone regenerative membranes or scaffolds, respectively. For every material, the ratio of constituents (microsphere and PCL) was altered in order to obtain optimum properties in the resulted hard tissue support structure. The effects of the ratio of the microspheres to PCL in terms of morphological, mechanical and degradation properties of composite films, as well as in vitro antibiotic release and antibacterial activities against E.Coli and S.Aureus were investigated. For scaffolds, the effects of the ratio of the microspheres to PCL on the morphological, mechanical, pore size distribution, degradation properties and in vitro antibiotic release were examined.

Neste estudo foram avaliadas amostras de misturas poliméricas de Policarbonato (PC) e Poli--caprolactona (PCL) em diferentes concentrações após enterro em solo preparado, por períodos variando de uma a doze semanas, seguindo a Norma ASTM G 160 - 03. As amostras, após ficarem enterradas, foram retiradas do solo e analisadas por calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC), análise termogravimétrica (TGA), microscopia ótica (MO), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e espectrometria de absorção na região do infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR). Foi observado através de avaliação morfológica que houve degradação nas amostras de PCL puro e na mistura PC/PCL (60/40). Para misturas com menores teores de PCL a degradação não foi significativa no tempo de avaliação sugerido pela norma. Após o tempo de 12 semanas em contato com o solo houve uma redução no teor de cristalinidade das amostras tanto de PCL puro quanto da mistura PC/PCL com 40% de PCL. As variações ocorridas devido à biodegradabilidade não foram suficientes para acarretar perda de resistência térmica nas amostras. Verificou-se que para avaliar a biodegradabilidade de misturas contendo o polímero biodegradável PCL, é necessária uma adaptação da Norma utilizada, aumentando o tempo de enterro das amostras / In this study samples of polycarbonate (PC) and poly(- caprolactone (PCL) blends were evaluated in different concentrations after being buried under simulation soil condition, for periods varying from one to twelve weeks, following ASTM G 160 03 methodology. The samples, after being buried, were removed from the soil and analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), termogravimetric analysis (TGA), optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It was observed by morphological evaluation that pure PCL and PC/PCL (60/40) blend have suffered degradation. Blends with lower content of PCL did not shown significant degradation during the period of time suggested at the ASTM methodology. After 12 weeks in contact with soil, pure PCL and PC/PCL blend with 40% of PCL, had a decrease in crystalinity content. The variations in the samples due to biodegradability have not been enough to cause loss of thermal resistance in any of the tested samples. It was verified that to evaluate biodegradability of blends containing biodegradable polymer PCL, it is necessary an adaptation of the ASTM methodology, increasing the time of samples burial

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Neste trabalho foram analisadas a morfologia e a biodegradação de compósitos de poli(ε-caprolactona) com fibras provenientes da casca de coco verde. Parte destas fibras foi submetida à modificação química por meio da reação de acetilação. A avaliação da morfologia foi realizada nas amostras de poli(ε-caprolactona) puro e seus compósitos antes e após o teste de biodegradação. O teste de biodegradação foi feito pelo enterro das amostras em solo simulado por períodos distintos, variando de vinte a trinta semanas, seguindo a Norma ASTM G 160 03. Após cada período de teste, as amostras foram retiradas do solo e analisadas por microscopia ótica (MO), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), microscopia de força atômica (AFM), calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC), difratômetro de raios X (DRX) e ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) de baixo campo no estado sólido. Pelas análises, foram verificados perda de massa, alteração morfológica da superfície e variação no percentual de cristalinidade das amostras. O PCL e os compósitos sofreram biodegradabilidade e a presença das fibras retarda ligeiramente esse processo / In this work the morphology and the biodegradation of composites of poly(ε-caprolactone) with fiber from green coconut were analyzed. Part of these fibers was submitted to chemical modification by acetylation reaction. The morphology study of poli(ε-caprolactone) pure and its composites was carried out before and after the biodegradation test. The biodegradation test was carried out by burying the samples in simulated soil for different durations, varying from twenty to thirty weeks, following the ASTM standard G 160 - 03. After each duration test, the samples were taken out of soil and analyzed by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and solid state low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results showed that the samples loses mass, some morphological modification of the surface and variation in the percentage of crystallinity. PCL and the composites has suffered biodegradation and the fibers presence causes a retardance of this process

Copolímeros de e-caprolactona e l,l-dilactídeo têm sido investigados com a finalidade de desenvolver materiais biodegradáveis para aplicações médicas. As sínteses dos homopolímeros e copolímeros de epsilon-caprolactona e l,l-dilactídeo por abertura de anel e polimerização em massa transcorreram a 120oC sob atmosfera de nitrogênio, usando o octanoato de estanho como iniciador. A composição dos copolímeros variou de 5,90% a 97,30% em massa de l,l-dilactídeo. As massas molares dos polímeros sintetizados foram determinadas por viscosimetria capilar e cromatografia de permeação em gel (GPC). A composição dos copolímeros foi determinada por RMN de 13C. As propriedades térmicas e mecânicas foram avaliadas por DSC e DMTA. O grau de cristalinidade e as fases cristalinas dos copolímeros foram determinados por difração de raios X (WAXS). Foram observadas altas taxas de conversão de monômeros para os homopolímeros e para os copolímeros Co60 ao Co90 (taxas de 70-80%). Os homopolímeros e copolímeros sintetizados apresentaram altas massas molares (M w até 106.500 g/mol para os copolímeros) e moderada polidispersidade (1,50). As análises de RMN de 13C demonstraram a predominância da formação de copolímeros estatísticos e a ausência da transesterificação durante a polimerização em massa. As propriedades dinâmico-mecânicas foram fortemente dependentes da estrutura cristalina e do grau de cristalinidade dos copolímeros. Os copolímeros sintetizados apresentaram propriedades mecânicas variando do flexível ao rígido termoplástico. Os copolímeros com composição próxima a equimolar (Co30 ao Co40) apresentaram os mais baixos graus de cristalinidade (13 a 15%) e, por conseqüência, apresentaram maior taxa de degradação (20% em 408 horas para o Co40), em comparação com os demais copolímeros. / Copolymers of epsilon-caprolactone with l,l-lactide have been investigated in order to develop biodegradable materials for medical applications. The synthesis of homopolymers and copolymers of e-caprolactone with l,l-lactide by ring-opening bulk polymerization was performed using stannous octoate as initiator at 120 ºC under nitrogen atmosphere. The copolymers composition was varied from 5.90 to 97.30 % in mass of l,l-lactide. The molecular weight of synthesized polymers were determined by viscometry and GPC. The copolymers composition was determined by 13C NMR. Thermal and mechanical properties have been evaluated by DSC and DMTA. The degree of crystallinity and the crystalline phase of copolymers were determined by WAXS. High conversion was observed for homopolymers and copolymers Co60 to Co90 of l,l-lactide (70-80%). The homopolymers and copolymers presented hight molecular weight (M w up to 106,500 g/mol for copolymers) and low polydispersivity (1,50). The analyses by 13C- NMR spectroscopy have shown the predominance of statistical copolymers formation and the transesterification reaction did not occur during the bulk polymerization. Thermal and mechanical properties were dependent on the crystalline phase and of the degree of crystallinity. The synthesized copolymers presented mechanical properties from rubbery to stiff thermoplastics. The copolymers with equimolar composition presented low degree of crystallinity (13 ? 15%) and higher degradation (20% during 408 hours for Co40).

Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-27T18:56:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Igor Wanderley Reis Dias.pdf: 6016779 bytes, checksum: 86bcdcfbfacb63d4d4a518ace6997161 (MD5) Igor Wanderley Reis Dias.pdf.txt: 208576 bytes, checksum: cd35138cd2ea03d785b3e9c7e488c5c9 (MD5) Igor Wanderley Reis Dias.pdf.jpg: 3431 bytes, checksum: 2d647e86ee0171ea4dfc34ba86f497fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / One of the widely used biodegradable polymers to control drug release in specific sites of action is the poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL). Considering exploring a potential application of this drug in the polymer, we studied its structural properties, electronic and energy the PCL interacting with the drugs indomethacin (IndOH) and its ethyl ester (IndEt), tazarotene (TZR) and chlorhexidine (CLX). The first stage of the study was performed by first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). After conformational analysis of the PCL, the interaction with the drugs was made using the conformation up-down-curved polymer, and it has been demonstrated in interactions with drugs IndOH, IndEt and TZR in both the concave portion of the polymer chain (PCL-IN) and the convex part (PCL-OUT) is that these interactions are essentially physical, and the value of energy connection occurs when high hydrogen bonds in the system, keeping also in a physical regimen when you re adding more polymer chains. As for interactions with CLX settings with a polymer chain (PCL-IN) show higher binding energies when compared to other systems, and interactions on the convex (PCL-OUT) there is a decrease in the binding energies in comparison with the PCL-IN settings, but in configurations with two polymer chains the binding energies are still high. With these results demonstrate that the systems obtained with IndOH, IndEt and are promising to TZR entrainment, and the CLX system tends not to be suitable for this purpose. In the second stage of this work was to study the structure and dynamics of solvation for configurations with four polymers with IndOH and IndEt. Through the radial distribution function (RDF) can observe the hydrophobic character of PCL and the folding of polymer chains in aqueous solution, with a little organization of water molecules and with greater organization of the polymer around the drug. And through the diffusion coefficient showed that the IndOH diffuses faster into the middle of the IndEt. These results show which configurations are more stable for the carrying of drugs and demonstrate agreement with the experimental results, showing the accuracy of the methodologies used. / Um dos polímeros biodegradável bastante utilizado para o controle da liberação de fármacos em sítios de ação específicos é a poli-ε-caprolactona (PCL). Considerando explorar uma potencial aplicação desse polímero na área farmacológica, estudou-se as propriedades estruturais, energéticas e eletrônicas da PCL interagindo com os fármacos indometacina (IndOH) e seu éster etílico (IndEt), o tazaroteno (TZR) e a clorexidina (CLX). A primeira etapa do estudo foi realizada por meio de cálculos de primeiros princípios baseados na teoria do funcional da densidade (DFT). Após a análise conformacional da PCL, a interação com os fármacos foi feita utilizando a conformação up-down-curvada do polímero, e o que foi demonstrado nas interações com os fárrmacos IndOH, IndEt e TZR, tanto na parte côncava da cadeia polimérica (PCL-IN) quanto na parte convexa (PCL-OUT) é que essas interações são essencialmente físicas, tendo o valor da energia de ligação elevado quando ocorre ligações de hidrogênio no sistema, mantendo-se também em um regime físico quando se tem a inclusão de mais cadeias poliméricas. Já para as interações com CLX as configurações com uma cadeia polimérica (PCL-IN) mostram energias de ligação elevadas, quando comparada aos outros sistemas, e para as interações na parte convexa (PCL-OUT) há uma diminuição nas energias de ligação em comparação com as configurações PCL-IN, porém nas configurações com duas cadeias poliméricas as energias de ligação ainda continuam elevadas. Com esses resultados demonstra-se que os sistemas obtidos com IndOH, IndEt e TZR são promissores ao carreamento, e que o sistema com CLX tende a não ser propício para este fim. Na segunda etapa do trabalho houve o estudo da estrutura e dinâmica de solvatação para as configurações com quatro polímeros com a IndOH e o IndEt. Através da função de distribuição radial (RDF) pode-se observar o caráter hidrofóbico da PCL e o enovelamento das cadeias poliméricas em solução aquosa, com uma pouca organização das moléculas de água e com uma maior organização do polímero em torno dos fármacos. E através do coeficiente de difusão demonstrou-se que a IndOH difunde mais rápido para o meio do que o IndEt. Estes resultados mostram quais configurações são mais estáveis para o carreamento de fármacos e demonstram concordância com os resultados experimentais, mostrando a acurácia das metodologias empregadas.

Orientador: Marcos Akira D' Ávila / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T19:12:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_RosemeiredosSantos_D.pdf: 3414008 bytes, checksum: 9f5516445d3c90d0f22d3a953197d6b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O polímero Poli(caprolactona) (PCL) tem sido amplamente usado como biomaterial nas últimas décadas. Sua biocompatibilidade e boas propriedades termo-mecânicas são as principais características que levam à seleção desse material para aplicação nas áreas biotecnológica, farmacêutica e têxtil. Neste trabalho, montou-se um equipamento para realizar o processamento de eletrofiação e caracterização de mantas formadas por fibras de PCL puro e nanocompósitos de PCL/nanotubos de carbono (NTC). Recorreu-se à eletrofiação com a aplicação de um campo elétrico gerado por uma corrente alternada (CA) e por uma corrente contínua (CC) simultaneamente (CA/CC) visando o controle da estabilidade do escoamento do jato polimérico durante o processamento a fim de determinar os parâmetros de processo e comparar os efeitos das diferentes frequências durante o processamento. Foram obtidos também nanocompósitos de PCL/óxido de grafeno (GO) com aplicação de um potencial elétrico em corrente contínua (CC), a fim de determinar os parâmetros de processos em diferentes concentrações de óxido de grafeno. As soluções/suspensões utilizadas no processo foram caracterizadas através de medições de condutividade elétrica, tensão superficial e propriedades reológicas. As fibras obtidas na forma de mantas porosas não-tecidas (non woven) foram caracterizadas por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FT-IR), Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC), Análise Termogravimétrica (TGA), Resistividade, Ângulo de contato ensaios mecânicos de tração e ensaios biológicos in vitro com células tronco mesenquimais humanas (hMSCs). Observou-se que o diâmetro médio das fibras depende da frequência CA aplicada durante a eletrofiação. A análise por FT-IR mostrou que houve a interação entre o PCL e o NTC, e as análises biológicas indicaram que as mantas PCL/GO são promissoras para uso como biomaterial / Abstract: Poly (??caprolactone) (PCL) has been widely used as biomaterial in the last decades. Its biocompatibility and good thermomechanical properties are the main features that lead to the selection of this material for applications in biotechnological, pharmaceutical and textile areas. In this work, an equipment was set up to perform electrospinning; characterization of fibrous mats formed by pure PCL fibers and nanocomposites of PCL/carbon nanotubes (CNT). Electrospinning based on the application of an electric field generated by an alternating current (AC) and a direct current (DC) simultaneously (AC/DC) was performed aiming to control the stability of the jet flow of the polymer during processing in order to determine the process parameters and compare the effects of different frequencies during processing. Nanocomposites of PCL/graphene oxide (GO) with application of a DC electrical potential were also obtained in order to determine the process parameters at different concentrations of graphene oxide. Solutions/suspensions employed in the process were characterized by measurements of electrical conductivity, surface tension and rheological properties. The fibers obtained in the form of non- woven porous mats were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Differential canning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), resistivity, contact angle and mechanical properties was measured, and in vitro biological assays with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was evaluated. It was observed that the average diameter of the fibers depends on the AC frequency applied during electrospinning. The FT-IR analysis showed that there was interaction between the PCL and the CNTs, and biological analysis indicated that the blankets of PCL/CNT and PCL/GO are promising for use as a biomaterial / Doutorado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Doutora em Engenharia Mecânica

Predložená diplomová práce se zabývá syntézou biodegradabilních polyuretanu (bio-PU) na bázi polyethylenglykolu (PEG-u) a polykaprolaktonu (PCL) pro využití k medicínským úcelum. Cílem práce bylo vyvinout metodiku prípravy elastomerního polyuretanu, ze kterého by se dal v budoucnu pripravit skafold (nosic bunek) použitelný v tkánovém inženýrství pro humánní regenerativní medicínu. Teoretická cást práce shrnuje informace o materiálech využitelných pro zamýšlenou aplikaci. Zahrnuty jsou také techniky prípravy skafoldu, jejich biokompatibilita a charakterizace vlastností výsledného materiálu. Praktická cást je pak zamerena na navržení vhodné metodiky pro prípravu funkcních vzorku obsahujících PEG, PCL, hexamethylen-diisokyanát (HMDI) a ethylhexanoát cínatý jako katalyzátor. U pripravených vzorku byl zjištován vliv jejich složení (predevším ruzný obsah a molekulová hmotnost PEG-u) na botnání a hydrolytickou stabilitu spolecne s testováním mechanických vlastností, sledováním kinetiky sítování a stanovením stupne konverze. Morfologie vzorku byla sledována pomocí optické mikroskopie, chemické složení bylo potvrzeno infracervenou spektroskopií a tepelné vlastnosti byly urceny diferencní kompenzacní kalorimetrií. Vývoj v metodice prípravy ukázal, že je nezbytné odstranit pred syntézou z výchozích látek veškeré necistoty, predevším vodu a kyslík, jinak vznikaly nedokonale zreagované vzorky s velkým obsahem póru ruzných velikostí. Syntéza všech vzorku probíhala pod dusíkovou atmosférou ve dvou krocích, kdy v prvním se pouze homogenizovaly oba polyoly (PEG i PCL) na vakuové lince pri 130 °C a ve druhém pak vznikaly výsledné bio-PU za pridání HMDI pri 65 °C v inertní atmosfére manipulacního boxu. Vzorky pak byly dopolymerovány ve forme pri 65 °C pod dobu 48 hodin v sušárne. Ruzné fyzikální podmínky metodiky vedly k príprave jak nepruhledných bílých filmu, tak i vzorku s viditelnou separací fází až po flexibilní transparentní filmy. Pozorování optickým mikroskopem vzorku s fázovou separací prokázalo prítomnost sférolitické struktury krystalické fáze PCL v amorfní fázi matrice PEG-u. Sledování kinetiky sítování pomocí soxhletovy extrakce potvrdilo maximální konverzi polymerace (96 %) již za 4 h dopolymerování v sušárne. Testování zkouškou v tahu ukázalo, že výrazný vliv na pevnost v tahu má isokyanátový index (pomer NCO/OH skupin). Molekulová hmotnost PEG-u ovlivnovala pevnost v tahu jen u vzorku zcela zesítovaných. Merení botnání vzorku ve vode prokázalo, že s rustem molekulové hmotnosti PEG-u roste i obsah vody (od cca 28 až po 58 hm.%) ve vzorcích. Také degradace filmu ve vode pri 37 °C probíhala dle predpokladu rychleji u vzorku s vyšší molekulovou hmotností PEG-u. V predložené diplomové práci bylo potvrzeno, že množstvím a molekulovou hmotností polyethylenglykolu je možné rídit hydrolytickou stabilitu výsledných biodegradabilních polyuretanových elastomeru.

Předkládaná dizertační práce se zabývá novým způsobem přípravy biodegradabilních polyuretanů (PU) a jejich modifikací biologicky aktivními celulózovými nanokrystaly. Literární rešerše se zaměřuje na bioresorbovatelné PU v tkáňovém inženýrství. Shrnuje příklady těchto PU elastomerů, skafoldů (nosičů buněk) i injektovatelných PU společně se způsoby biodegradace na netoxické produkty. Poslední část je zaměřena na nanocelulózu, která si získala pozornost díky svým pozoruhodným fyzikálním (velký specifický povrch, mechanické vlastnosti) a biologickým (biokompatibilita, biodegradabilita a nízká toxicita) vlastnostem jako materiál pro biomedicínu. V experimentální části byly charakterizovány amfifilní biodegradovatelné polyuretanové filmy (bio-PU) syntetizované bez použití rozpouštědla polyadiční reakcí z hydrofilního poly(ethylenglykolu) (PEG) a hydrofobního poly(e-kaprolaktonu) (PCL) jako makrodiolů společně s hexamethylen diizokyanátem. Připravené bio-PU filmy byly charakterizovány pro různé poměry jak mezi PEG/PCL, tak i mezi NCO/OH reagujícími skupinami (izokyanátový poměr). Bio-PU filmy projevily markantní nárůst mechanických vlastností při hmotnostním poměru PEG/PCL rovnému nebo menšímu než 20/80 díky vzniku krystalických domén PCL. Přítomnost PEGu zvyšovala schopnost bio-PU filmu absorbovat vodu i urychlila jeho hydrolytickou degradaci. Oproti tomu nižší absorpční schopnost a delší čas hydrolytické degradace materiálu způsobil vyšší izokyanátový poměr, a tedy i vyšší síťová hustota. Třetí část práce se zabývá přípravou polyuretanových nanokompozitů unikátní metodou bez použití rozpouštědla za využití bio-PU matrice a celulózových nanokrystalů buď nemodifikovaných, nebo povrchově roubovaných PEGem. Strukturní analýza prokázala, že přítomnost tyčinkovitých nanočástic způsobuje imobilizaci polymerních segmentů, v důsledku čehož se zvýšila tuhost a křehkost materiálu. Nastavením vhodného poměru mezi PEG/PCL, množstvím izokyanátu, či přídavkem modifikovaného nanoplniva může být bio-PU materiál "ušit na míru" s vhodnými mechanickými (houževnatost, tažnost) a fyzikálními (botnání, degradace) vlastnostmi. Díky přípravě bez použití rozpouštědla by mohly být připravené materiály využity v regenerativní medicíně např. jako cévní štěpy.

L’objectif de ce travail a été de procéder au design de nouvelles structures hyperramifiées en procédant à la synthèse de polymères à base de glycidol utilisables dans l’élaboration de copolymères biodégradables, de macromonomères fonctionnels et de nanocomposites magnétiques biocompatibles. Une première partie de ces travaux s’est intéressée, à la synthèse de macromonomères hyperramifiés amorcés par l’hydroxyéthyle méthacrylate (HEMA), l’hydroxyéthyle acrylate (HEA) et le polyéthylène glycol méthacrylate (PEGMA), par polymérisation anionique, anionique coordinée ou cationique du glycidol. La synthèse de macromonomères poly(ε-caprolactone) en présence de différents systèmes catalytiques et amorceurs a également été investiguée. Cette partie se termine par la synthèse de dendrigrafts issus de la polymérisation de ces macromonomères, par voie radicalaire classique ou contrôlée (RAFT/ATRP). La seconde partie de ce travail a été consacrée à la synthèse de copolymères hyperramifiés biocompatibles obtenus par copolymérisation statistique du glycidol en présence d’ε-caprolactone, en vu de l’obtention de copolymères hydrolysables. L’impact de la structure sur les propriétés physico-chimiques des copolymères obtenus a été étudié. Enfin, le caractère biodégradable de ces polymères a été investigué à travers différents tests de dégradation enzymatique. Enfin, ce travail s’est focalisé sur l’élaboration de nanocomposites magnétiques biocompatibles par la synthèse de nanoparticules magnétiques, puis l’immobilisation de polymères linéaires ou hyperramifiés à leur surface selon différentes méthodes de greffage chimique. / The aim of this work was to proceed to the design of new hyperbranched structures through the synthesis of glycidol-based polymers which can be used in the development of biodegradable copolymers, functional macromonomers and biocompatible magnetic nanocomposites. The first part of this work was the synthesis of hyperbranched macromonomer initiated by hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) and polyethylene glycol methacrylate (PEGMA), through the study of the synthesis of polyglycerol (PG) by anionic, anionic coordinated and cationic polymerization of glycidol. Synthesis of poly (ε-caprolactone) macromonomers in the presence of various catalyst systems and initiators was also investigated. This part ends by the synthesis of dendrigrafts derived from the copolymerization of the macromonomers, by free radical polymerization or by controlled radical polymerization. The 2nd part of this work has been devoted to the synthesis of hyperbranched biocompatible copolymers obtained by random copolymerization of glycidol with ε-caprolactone in order to obtain hydrolyzable copolymers. The impact of the structure of the copolymers on their physico-chemical properties was then investigated. The biodegradable behavior of these polymers was then investigated through different enzymatic degradation tests. Finally, this work was focused on the development of biocompatible magnetic nanocomposites by the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and the immobilization of linear or hyperbranched polymers on their surface by different chemical grafting methods.

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