The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in work capacity, personality and body fat in obese women undergoing training. Twenty-six subjects from the Vancouver Y.W.C.A. "180-Plus Club" voluntarily participated in the study. The subjects were tested before and after a nine month program. The pretraining and posttraining test environments and test procedures were standardized for all subjects. The experimental group met once per week, until halfway through the program, and then met twice a week. The program consisted of a gymnasium and pool exercise session. A control group of eleven subjects was used to help establish the reliability of the Astrand test of physical work capacity. The following variables were measured as follows: (a) physical work capacity -- Astrand submaximal test, (b) personality -- Cattell's Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, Forms A and B, and (c) body fat -- determination of body density by underwater weighing and the use of Brozek and Keys formula, as well as subcutaneous fat measurements taken at six sites. Three groups were formed on the basis of attendance. The results of the study show that there was a slight improvement associated with a higher frequency of attendance, however, even the group with the highest frequency of attendance failed to show any physiologically important change in work capacity or 'percent body fat’. The combined group results showed a departure from the general female adult population for intelligence, which was higher than the population mean, and for ego strength, which was lower at pretest. The poorest attenders, Group I, showed evidence of departures from the population in factors which described them as being happy-go-lucky, absent-minded, casual and undependable. It is, therefore, not unexpected that persons with these characteristics would drop out of the program. Groups II and III, with respective higher frequencies of attendance, showed significant changes from pretest to posttest in factors which indicated that they became more emotionally mature (Group II) and more sensitive and composed (Group III). These would appear to be desirable changes in view of the Y.W.C.A.'s objectives for psychological as well as physical changes. On the basis of the findings of this study, it does not appear that the time, money and effort required to run the "180-Plus Club" program can be justified. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in the ventilatory (VT) and lactate (LT) thresholds and VO₂max following prolonged aerobic exercise. Six well-trained distance runners (T:age=25.2 yrs, Ht=170.0 cm, Wt=65.0 kg, VO₂max=59.6 ml •kg⁻¹•min⁻¹) and six untrained (UT:age=25.3 yrs, Ht=180.3 cm, Wt=79.2 kg, VO₂max=46.8 ml•kg⁻¹•min⁻¹) males were studied on two occasions seven days apart. The initial evaluation involved a continuous horizontal treadmill test with a starting velocity of 2.22 m•s⁻¹, which was increased by 0.22 m•s⁻¹ each minute until fatigue. Expired gases were continuously sampled and analyzed by a Beckman Metabolic Measurement Cart. Measurements were processed by a data acquisition system (HP 3052A), which determined respiratory gas exchange variables every 15 seconds. Blood lactate measurements were taken via an indwelling catheter during the last 10 sec of each minute of work. VT and LT were determined by visual inspection of the excess CO₂ elimination and lactate curves, respectively. Seven days later the subjects repeated the treadmill test preceded by a 60 minute treadmill run at a heart rate corresponding to their LT. The physiological measurements recorded during the first session were repeated. There were significant (p<0.10) reductions in VO₂max, LT, VT, and total treadmill time on the VO₂max test (TTT) in the T group (59.6 to 56.9 ml •kg⁻¹•min⁻¹, 9.6 to 9.3 mph , 8.9 to 8.2 mph , and 925.0 to 882.5 sec, respectively). VO₂max, LT, VT, and TTT were reduced in the UT group (46.8 to 45.0 ml•kg⁻¹•min⁻¹ 7.7 to 7.6 mph, 8.0 to 7.2 mph, and 730.0 to 652.5 sec, respectively), however, only VT and TTT were reduced significantly (p<0.10). Although the groups were significantly different (p<0.05) in the initial physiological measures due to training status, there was no change in the rate of decline in VO₂max, LT, VT, or TTT when the UT group was compared to T. As LT and VT are affected by prolonged aerobic exercise it is questionable whether these thresholds can be used with confidence to predict endurance performance in events up to 60 min duration for well-trained and recreational athletes. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

The efficacy of an aerobic conditioning program (jogging) in modifying self-reported chronic intermittent stress is compared to stress-innoculation training (self-statement modification) and a waiting list control group. Guiding this research is a transactional model of stress. The participants were community residents; 48 were females and 25 were males. Therapy sessions were conducted over a 10-week period with subjects meeting in groups for 1 1/2 hours per week and also completing homework assignments and activities. The State and Trait Anxiety Inventories, the Tension Thermometer, a Thought-listing Technique and a Self-efficacy Scale were administered at pre, post, and three-month follow-up. In addition, a submaximal bicycle ergometer test was utilized to predict maximum oxygen uptake (a measure of cardiovascular fitness). Multivariate analyses of variance indicate that both the aerobic conditioning program and the stress-innoculation training were effective in reducing self-reported anxiety and increasing self-efficacy. These changes were maintained three months after completing the program. Subjects who experienced stress more cognltlvely than somatically reduced their level of stress from pre- to post-testlng significantly more than those who experienced stress more somatically, regardless of treatment condition. However, from post to follow-up the somatic subjects continued to improve while the cognitive subjects stayed approximately the same. Compared to the waiting list control group, subjects' positive self-statement ratings increased significantly from pre- to post-testing for the stress-inoculation group. Subjects' self-statement ratings and judges self-statement ratings changed differentially between groups and over time. Subjects in the aerobic conditioning program improved their cardiovascular fitness compared to the stress-inoculation and waiting list groups. Participation in an aerobic conditioning program was found to be a viable alternative to stress-innoculation training as a stress-management treatment. Although the pattern of changes differed between treatment groups and among types of individuals from pre- to post-testing on some measures, at three-months follow-up few differences were found between treatment groups. / Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies / Graduate

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Thesis (MPH) -- University of Limpopo, 2015 / BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic lifestyle disease without a cure, and medical emphasis is on management to avoid short and long term diabetes related problems/complications. It is very important for patients to be knowledgeable on the role of diet, physical exercise and self-monitoring. The main objective of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the diabetes mellitus patients about the benefit of physical activity. METHODOLOGY: The was a cross sectional descriptive study that assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices amongst diabetes mellitus patients on physical activity at Block 6 clinic in Gaborone, Botswana. The researcher administered questionnaires with individual patients to investigate how well they understood their condition, their attitude towards exercise and the extent to which they have adopted exercise as part of their diabetes control. A total of 140 diabetic patients participated in the study. RESULTS: The results of the study revealed that participants had good knowledge of symptoms of diabetes (97.9%), complications that can result when diabetes is not well controlled (76.4%) and urine analysis test (65%). The results also showed that majority of the participants had fair knowledge (62.1%) and only (20.0%) had good knowledge; (89.4%) had positive attitude, and only 10.6% had negative attitude towards physical exercise. The results show that 59.6% had low level of physical activity, 31.3% did not exercise, whilst only 9.1% reported that they exercised adequately. CONCLUSION The study reveals a variation between diabetes related health knowledge, attitude, and practice in among those who are affected by diabetes. The knowledge and practice levels were relatively low. Nevertheless majority of the study participants had positive attitude towards Physical Activity. Keywords: Diabetes, knowledge, attitude, Practice, Physical

Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio) / Reduced adherence levels have been demonstrated by some patients affected with Osteoarthritis. Therefore, this study aimed at exploring the barriers and facilitators regarding patient adherence towards physiotherapy rehabilitation programs in the management of osteoarthritis in Nairobi, Kenya. The objectives of the study were to determine the clinical profile of patients with osteoarthritis on physiotherapy rehabilitation programs, to explore the patient-reported barriers and facilitators towards physiotherapy rehabilitation programs and exploring physiotherapists’ perceptions of patient adherence towards physiotherapy rehabilitation programs. The study setting was at the Kenyatta National Hospital physiotherapy clinic in Nairobi, Kenya.

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The problem of this study is to develop a series of "situation-type" problems to be used in the teaching of the first course in elementary accounting at North Texas State College. The solutions for the problems were prepared contemporaneously with the problems to save the instructor's time when the problems are used. These problems are to include the phases of accounting of theory and principles in addition to the recording and classifying.