This thesis presents a series of studies in early modern manuscript culture based on Chetham’s Library MS A.4.15 (MC15). These studies develop an understanding of the reception of texts in manuscripts through an analysis of their copying, dissemination and collection: concepts which are linked by their treatment of manuscripts collections as texts whose processes of production are indelibly registered in their physical form. Chapter 1 reviews the methods by which scholars have engaged with manuscript collections, and proposes that a series of ‘object studies’ based on texts from MC15 is a strong way of engaging with the collection, allowing ready comparisons of diverse material characteristics. Chapter 2 extends these arguments through close analysis of the processes of production of several manuscript collections, culminating in an extended critical description of MC15. Chapters 3 to 6 read a series of texts of MC15 in comparison with other copies. Chapter 3 argues that handwriting analysis gives essential evidence for different modes of copying epigrams, and suggests the ways in which they are significant. Chapter 4 presents an account of a verse libel that was copied many times in the seventeenth century; building on the work of the previous chapter, it argues that the material dimension of manuscript libels have a great deal to offer more general narratives of early Stuart history. Chapter 5 concerns letters of the second Earl of Essex, whose reception in various combinations of material in manuscript collections are best contextualised through readings found in print. Chapter 6, a study of metrical psalms, contextualizes the very limited dissemination of metrical psalms by amateur and professional scribes within a ‘psalm culture’ dominated by print. Taken collectively, the chapters of this thesis attest to the heterogeneity of MC15 as a collection; through their attention to processes of copying, dissemination and collection, they demonstrate some of the most characteristic features of early modern manuscripts.

Vom ersten Besitznachweis der mittelalterlichen Dresdner Bilderhandschrift im kurfürstlichen Bibliothekskatalog aus dem Jahre 1574 bis zum Vorliegen dieses Aufsatzbandes im Jahr 2010, dem Abschluss der vierbändigen Neuedition, sind 436 Jahre vergangen. In dieser Zeitspanne ist das Schicksal der Handschrift mit der Geschichte der seit 1556 bestehenden Kurfürstlichen, später Königlichen öffentlichen Bibliothek Dresden, der heutigen Sächsischen Landesbibliothek – Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden (SLUB), untrennbar verbunden.

Wie viele unentdeckte Schätze die Wissenschaftliche Bibliothek in Dessau noch birgt und wie wichtig es ist, die wissenschaftliche Aufarbeitung historischer Bibliotheken als einen kontinuierlichen Prozess der permanenten Wissensanreicherung zu begreifen, durfte eine Gruppe von Leipziger Studierenden live erleben, die im Sommersemester 2019 an einem Kolloquium unter dem Titel „Neuentdeckte Dessauer Handschriftenfragmente gemeinsam erforschen“ teilnahmen.

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São Paulo é uma grande cidade que constantemente se transforma, renova e altera seu espaço. Sua população é de cerca de 11 milhões de pessoas, que estão diretamente relacionadas às mudanças da paisagem urbana; seja propondo-as, fazendo-as ou mesmo vivenciando em seus sentidos. A metamorfose, no entanto, deixa marcas sobre e sob o solo, é o passado tornando-se presente através de um disfarce. Marcas que são fragmentos do pretérito que se remoldam juntando-se a outros pedaços dessa Paulicéia. A Quadra 090 é um desses fragmentos, sítio arqueológico da região central da cidade, e esse fragmento fala sobre questões como: o lixo; a infraestrutura; e a identidade. Nesse processo as marcas contêm muito do que é presente e assim podem servir como uma crítica aos problemas dessa grande urbe. Musealizar a arqueologia urbana é mais do que buscar vestígios que estão sob o solo, é considerar os seres vivos e os espaços sobre o solo, considerar sentimentos; é ponderar sobre espaços destinados a discutir a cidade, principalmente relacionados à Arqueologia Paulistana, como o Sítio Morrinhos/Centro de Arqueologia de São Paulo. Assim, na musealização de uma arqueologia urbana, com essas preocupações, principalmente exercendo o olhar sobre o passado como parte presente estaremos praticando uma Arqueologia com a Cidade. / Sao Paulo is a huge city in constant transformation, renovation and modification of its spatiality. Its population is formed by 11 million people who are directly related to changes in the urban landscape, both proposing and making it or even experiencing its senses. However, the metamorphosis marks the ground of the city, above and below it. It\'s the past becoming present through a camouflage: marks of the preterit reshaping themselves and forming another new fragments of that \"Pauliceia\". Quadra 090 is one of those pieces, an archaeological site in the central city area related to issues like garbage, infrastructure and identity. Those marks have much of what forms the present and can serve as a criticism for the problems of that great metropolis. Musealizing the urban archeology is more than looking for traces under the ground. It should consider living beings, spaces and feelings in the subsoil; it should ponderate spaces for discussing the city, mainly issues related to the Sao Paulo Archaeology, as Sitio Morrinhos/Centro de Arqueologia de Sao Paulo. Therefore, considering these concerns in the musealization of the urban archeology, mainly trying an eye over the past as a part of the present, we will be practicing an Archeology with the City.

São Paulo é uma grande cidade que constantemente se transforma, renova e altera seu espaço. Sua população é de cerca de 11 milhões de pessoas, que estão diretamente relacionadas às mudanças da paisagem urbana; seja propondo-as, fazendo-as ou mesmo vivenciando em seus sentidos. A metamorfose, no entanto, deixa marcas sobre e sob o solo, é o passado tornando-se presente através de um disfarce. Marcas que são fragmentos do pretérito que se remoldam juntando-se a outros pedaços dessa Paulicéia. A Quadra 090 é um desses fragmentos, sítio arqueológico da região central da cidade, e esse fragmento fala sobre questões como: o lixo; a infraestrutura; e a identidade. Nesse processo as marcas contêm muito do que é presente e assim podem servir como uma crítica aos problemas dessa grande urbe. Musealizar a arqueologia urbana é mais do que buscar vestígios que estão sob o solo, é considerar os seres vivos e os espaços sobre o solo, considerar sentimentos; é ponderar sobre espaços destinados a discutir a cidade, principalmente relacionados à Arqueologia Paulistana, como o Sítio Morrinhos/Centro de Arqueologia de São Paulo. Assim, na musealização de uma arqueologia urbana, com essas preocupações, principalmente exercendo o olhar sobre o passado como parte presente estaremos praticando uma Arqueologia com a Cidade. / Sao Paulo is a huge city in constant transformation, renovation and modification of its spatiality. Its population is formed by 11 million people who are directly related to changes in the urban landscape, both proposing and making it or even experiencing its senses. However, the metamorphosis marks the ground of the city, above and below it. It\'s the past becoming present through a camouflage: marks of the preterit reshaping themselves and forming another new fragments of that \"Pauliceia\". Quadra 090 is one of those pieces, an archaeological site in the central city area related to issues like garbage, infrastructure and identity. Those marks have much of what forms the present and can serve as a criticism for the problems of that great metropolis. Musealizing the urban archeology is more than looking for traces under the ground. It should consider living beings, spaces and feelings in the subsoil; it should ponderate spaces for discussing the city, mainly issues related to the Sao Paulo Archaeology, as Sitio Morrinhos/Centro de Arqueologia de Sao Paulo. Therefore, considering these concerns in the musealization of the urban archeology, mainly trying an eye over the past as a part of the present, we will be practicing an Archeology with the City.

Vom ersten Besitznachweis der mittelalterlichen Dresdner Bilderhandschrift im kurfürstlichen Bibliothekskatalog aus dem Jahre 1574 bis zum Vorliegen dieses Aufsatzbandes im Jahr 2010, dem Abschluss der vierbändigen Neuedition, sind 436 Jahre vergangen. In dieser Zeitspanne ist das Schicksal der Handschrift mit der Geschichte der seit 1556 bestehenden Kurfürstlichen, später Königlichen öffentlichen Bibliothek Dresden, der heutigen Sächsischen Landesbibliothek – Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden (SLUB), untrennbar verbunden.

Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) species are opportunistic pathogens in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), which are able to cause lethal infections. The Bcc are inherently resistant to most classes of antibiotics, which makes successful treatment problematic. Lipid A (also known as endotoxin), the hydrophobic anchor of lipopolysaccaride (LPS), is the bio-active component of LPS. One of several unique characteristics of the lipid A of the Bcc, is the permanent attachment of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N) to the lipid A molecule. Also, the genes involved in L-Ara4N biosynthesis are necessary for viability in B. cenocepacia. Here we present research on lipid A biosynthesis, modi cation, and transport in the Bcc and highlight promising antimicrobial targets. The synthetic antibiotic CHIR-090 is an inhibitor of LpxC, an enzyme involved in the lipid A biosynthetic pathway. I investigated the activity of CHIR-090 against the Bcc and found that sensitivity to this antibiotic was both species- and strain-specific. CHIR-090 displayed MICs between 0.1 and 12.5 μg/ml against a panel of B. multivorans, the most prevalent Burkholderia species in CF. The species- and strain-specific sensitivity towards CHIR-090 was further explored and a strong correlation was found between the presence of a unique open reading frame, named LpxC2, in resistant species. To address the problem of multiple drug-resistance of the Bcc, we investigated the activity of the pyridoxal 50-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme inhibitor cycloserine (CS) against the Bcc. CS is used as a second line of defense against M. tuberculosis. The activity of the D-enantiomer of CS (DCS) against the Bcc was tested and displayed MICs between 2 and 128 μg/ml and acted bactericidal towards the Bcc. Additionally, DCS inhibition of recombinant ArnB from B. cenocepacia J2315, a PLP-dependent enzyme necessary for viability in the Bcc, was studied. ArnB was inhibited reversibly by DCS. ArnB was further explored as a promising drug-target in the Bcc, but only CS has been identified as an inhibitor so far. In this thesis it was attempted to find the reason why is L-Ara4N modification of lipid A necessary for viability in B. cenocepacia. Therefore, two proteins were characterised, which are involved in lipid A transport: LptA, the periplasmic lipid A binding protein, and LptB, the cytoplasmic ATP-ase. LptA was found to be able to bind both modified and unmodified lipid A in vitro and therefore is not L-Ara4N specific. Furthermore, LptA could bind deep-rough-, rough-, and smooth- LPS, similar to that described for Escherichia coli LptA. The kinetic parameters of LptB were determined in vitro (kcat = 5.71 min-1 and KM = 0.88 mM), and were comparable to E. coli LptB. The ATP-ase activity of LptB was not influenced by the presence of any forms of LPS (modified or non-modified). Therefore, we concluded that both B. cenocepacia J2315 LptA and LptB are not L-Ara4N specific.

Cette étude vise à mettre en lumière le mythe de la femme fatale, mythe issu de l’imaginaire décadent français de la fin du XIXe siècle, dans la littérature brésilienne. À travers l’analyse des personnages féminins de trois romans d’importance majeure dans l’imaginaire brésilien: Dom Casmurro de Machado de Assis (1899), Gabriela Cravo e Canela de Jorge Amado (1958) et Hilda Furacão de Roberto Drummond (1991), nous étudierons, à partir d’un traitement herméneutique, leur dimension mythique en tant qu’héroïnes femmes fatales. Dans les trois récits, la femme entraîne la chute de l’homme. Les trois héroïnes évoquent les grandes valeurs symboliques du mythe de la femme fatale et des archétypes qui l’engendrent, soit par rapport à l’homme, soit par rapport à leur milieu, époque, idéologie et société. Cette recherche permet davantage une réflexion sur le mythe de la fatalité féminine menant à une compréhension des constructions imaginaires et des réseaux symboliques qui affleurent les romans et, dans un contexte plus ample, l’imaginaire brésilien. En tête de notre démarche méthodologique il y a la méthode structurale de Gilbert Durand (et son « entourage » : Carl Gustav Jung, Mircea Eliade, Lévi-Strauss, Gaston Bachelard) qui rend compte de la réflexion sur les aspects du mythe. La théorie littéraire côtoie l’herméneutique des images, des symboles et des archétypes afin d’assurer la qualité de la réflexion autour du mythe et de son rapport avec la littérature et l’imaginaire individuel et collectif dans le contexte brésilien. / This study aims to highlight the myth of the femme fatale, myth created out of the imagination of the French decadents in the late nineteenth century, in the Brazilian literature. Through the analysis of the female characters from three Brazilian novels of major importance in the Brazilian imagination: Dom Casmurro Machado de Assis (1898), Gabriela Cravo e Canela Jorge Amado (1958) and Hilda Furacão Roberto Drummond (1991), we will study, from a hermeneutic perspective, their mythical dimension as heroines and femmes fatales. In the three stories, the woman causes the fall of the man. The three heroines evoke the great symbolic value of the myth of the femme fatale and the archetypes elaborated relative to men, relative to either their environment, time, ideology or society. This research reflects upon the myth of female fatality leading to the understanding of imaginary constructions and symbolic networks nourished in the novels and in a broader context, in the Brazilian imagination. Ahead of our methodological approach, the structural method of Gilbert Durand emerges (and his "entourage": Carl Gustav Jung, Mircea Eliade, Levi-Strauss, Gaston Bachelard) contemplating on the aspects of the myth. The literary theory navigates alongside the hermeneutics of images, symbols and archetypes to ensure the quality of the reflection on the myth and its relationship with literature and the individual and collective imagination in the Brazilian context.