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Tesina para optar al grado de Licenciado en Filosofía

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Notre Dame, 2004. / Thesis directed by Alfred Freddoso for the Department of Philosophy. "April 2004." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 200-204).

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In the past years, the relevance of Thomas Aquinas's theory of cognition for contemporary debates on epistemology has been widely discussed. That theory claims that mind and world are formally identical and that this relationship overcomes various problems associated with scepticism concerning mental representation. The proposal, however, is grounded on the idea that the world can act on the mind through a relation of formal causation. This thesis attempts to develop a Thomistic theory of formal causation which may be suitable for a realist account of mental representation and which may meet the requirements prompted by current discussions. The suggested view is grounded on Aquinas's metaphysics, according to which the world is constituted of substances. The claim that change is possible since substances are hylomorphically constituted (viz., metaphysically composed of form and matter) is defended. Aquinas's claim that some substances have forms which may act independently of matter is also supported. The paradigmatic examples are human souls, i.e. the forms of human beings, whose higher cognitive capacity, i.e. thinking, can be in principle carried on without the need of any material organ. A Thomistic theory of causation is subsequently proposed. It is argued that hylomorphism explains the distinction among four species of causes (material, formal, final and efficient). Aquinas's attempt to explain causal relations conditionally is developed along the lines suggested by John Mackie's INUS conditional analysis. Jaegwon Kim's implementation of Mackie's proposal through an object-based metaphysics of events is then adapted to the hylomorphical account of substances. On these grounds, a theory of formal causation can be proposed and applied to Aquinas's theory of mental representation. The ensuing proposal is offered not in the spirit of historical exegesis but as a substantive philosophical account and it is Thomistic only in the broad sense that it is built on Aquinas's metaphysics and is consistent with his claims on causation.

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Orientador : Carlos Arthur Ribeiro do Nascimento / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T05:57:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Missio_EdvaldoRene_M.pdf: 7113378 bytes, checksum: 089768fc24fba1671e8f6f2e94ec59a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / Resumo: A doutrina da lei e do direito natural tem uma longa tradição na cultura ocidental. Remontando ao pensamento grego e recebendo uma contribuição significativa dos romanos, adquiriu um notável impulso e projeção com a fundamentação teológica e desenvolvimento filosófico que lhe deram os autores cristãos, entre eles Tomás de Aquino. O objetivo deste trabalho, nesta direção, é apresentar a doutrina de Tomás de Aquino sobre a lei natural exposta nas questões sobre a lei (q.90- 108), na Ia. IIae. da Suma de Teologia. A partir de um apanhado sobre a lei em geral (de lege in communi - definição, diversidade, aplicabilidade), o estudo concentra-se na concepção de lei natural (q.94), objetivando esclarecer sua essência ou natureza, objeto, conteúdo e propriedades e sua devida articulação com a lei divina e a lei humana. Justifica-se a pesquisa em função de sua importância histórica e pelo fato de que o tema atualmente constitui objeto relevante de discussão entre teólogos, filósofos e juristas / Abstract: The doctrine of natural law and right has a long tradition in western culture. Beginning with greek thought and receving an important contribution of the Romans, it acquired a remarkable developpement with the theological foundation and philosophical analysis given to it by Christian Authors, among whom Thomas Aquinas. The aim of this work is to present the doctrine of Thomas Aquinas about natural law which is expounded in the questions about law (q.90-108) in the Ia. TIae.of the Summa Theologiae. Starting with a brief presentation about law in general (de lege in communi, definition, diversity and applicability), the work concentrates it self in the conception of natural law (q.94), aiming to clarify his essence or nature, object, content and caracteristics and articulation with divine and human law. This study is justified in function of his historical signifícance and by the fact that this theme is presently object of relevant discution between theologians, philosophers and jurists / Mestrado / Mestre em Filosofia