Rhythm in early Western polyphonic music.

In this thesis I discuss aspects of Chaucer's interest in the relation of Language to the reality which it attempts to express and the relation of poetic fiction to Christian truth, and the type of readerly response invited by this interest. The method employed includes analysis of the structural development of the narrative frame and, to a lesser degree, of the entirety of the poem, as well as discussion of the historical context of the issues under consideration. These issues are raised in the narrative frame of the Canterbury Tales and are explored there and in the individual tales. Their treatment in the narrative frame is seminal and has provided the major focus of discussion in what follows. The narrative frame structure operates dually. In the diachrony of a first reading of the poem, the frame world provides a correlative to the actual world in which man experiences serial time. The realignments of interpretation necessary because of its changing claims regarding its own nature — and hence its changing demands upon its readers — are constant reminders of the relativity of human judgment and experience in space and time. "rn the synchrony inevitable in a second or subsequent Lng, which comprehends the entirety of the poem at each point in its linear progression, the reader's position outside the poem's time span of past, present and future, is analogous to the poet’s in his original conception of the poem and to God's in relation to the actual world, which the poem's world imitates. After a first reading the reader sees that initially Chaucer's truth claim has enabled him to trust the authenticity of the account and to regard it not as poetic invention but as a report of historical truth.

Erstes Ziel der Arbeit war es Methoden aufzubauen, die die funktionellen Eigenschaften von peripheren Monozyten ermitteln sollten, um die Rolle dieser Zellen bei der essentiellen Hypertonie zu erfassen. Es wurde versucht, die immunologischen Mechanismen der Entzündung oder Voraktivierung dieser Zellen zu charakterisieren. Der Aktivierungsgrad der peripheren Monozyten von Patienten mit essentieller Hypertonie im Vergleich zu Normalkontrollen wurde anhand ihrer Zytokinsekretion untersucht. Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen zeigten, dass die peripheren Monozyten von essentiellen Hypertonikern im Vergleich zu normotensiven Probanden nach Stimulation vermehrt IL-1ß und TNF-alpha sezernieren, verursacht durch eine transkriptionelle Hochregulation. Neben spezifischen Mediatoren sezernieren aktivierte Monozyten eine Reihe unspezifischer toxischer Effektormoleküle wie z.B. Sauerstoffsuperoxid. Der Gipfel der Chemilumineszenzaktivität als Maß der Superoxidproduktion peripherer Monozyten von Hypertonikern war nach Stimulation signifikant höher im Vergleich zu den Kontrollen. Aufgrund dieser Ergebnisse wurde die Hypothese generiert, dass den voraktivierten Monozyten von Hypertoniepatienten eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Initiierung von Gefäßwandläsionen zu kommen könnte, welche die frühen arteriosklerotischen Veränderungen bei diesen Patienten im Vergleich zur gesunden Normalbevölkerung mitbegründen. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wurde daher die Adhäsion peripherer Monozyten von Hypertonikern an humane Endothelzellen im Vergleich zu Monozyten von normotensiven Gesunden überprüft. Die Adhäsion der Monozyten von Hypertonikern war signifikant erhöht. Interessanterweise führte die Vorinkubation mit einem AT1-Rezeptorantagonisten bei den Patientenmonozyten zu einer Reduzierung der Sekretion proinflammatorischer Zytokine und der Endothelzelladhäsion. Die vorgestellten Befunde sind für die Pathogenese der vorzeitigen sowie vermehrten atherosklerotischen Veränderungen essentieller Hypertoniker von Bedeutung und unterstützen die Hypothese einer inflammatorischen Genese der Atherosklerose. / Immunopathogenic mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and hypertensive disease. The possible role of monocytes in the pathology of atherosclerosis in hypertension has been a matter of great interest. It was demonstrated that monocytes from hypertensive patients secrete significantly higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide or angiotensin II compared with normotensive individuals. The upregulation of IL-1ß and TNF-alpha expression was also seen at the RNA-level. The increased secretion of these cytokines is considered to be a marker for activated circulating monocytes. To investigate the direct impact of these preactivated monocytes, the adhesion of monocytes from normal controls and hypertensive patients to vascular endothelial cells was determined spontaneously and after in vitro stimulation. Oxygen species release as a further activation marker was analyzed for monocytes by chemiluminescence. Spontaneous adhesion of monocytes from patients and the adhesion after stimulation were significantly increased compared with normal controls. Preincubation with an AT1 receptor antagonist diminished the cytokine secretion and the adhesion in both groups to comparable levels. In monocytes, peak levels of chemiluminescence after stimulation were significantly higher in patients. The data indicate that preactivated monocytes from hypertensives may be of pathogenic importance in atherosclerosis. Prevention of angiotensin II-mediated activation of monocytes from hypertensive patients by an AT1 receptor antagonist may be a novel therapeutic approach to prevent vascular alterations in hypertension.

Wong Sun Fai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-102). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter I: --- Introduction --- p.9 / Chapter Chapter II: --- A New Issue in Historiography / Chapter 2.1 --- Issues on Historiography in Recent Years --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2 --- Computer Game as a Topic of Historical Study --- p.32 / Chapter Chapter III: --- The Scope of Game/Play Studies / Chapter 3.1 --- Archeology of Game Studies: Historical Approach --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2 --- Anthropology and (Post-)structuralism --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3 --- Psychology and Pedagogy --- p.40 / Chapter 3.4 --- Cultural Studies and Recent Approaches --- p.45 / Chapter Chapter IV: --- Romance of Three Kingdoms / Chapter 4.1 --- The Company: KOEI --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2 --- The Simulation of History --- p.54 / Chapter 4.3 --- Controlling and Interactivity --- p.61 / Chapter 4.4 --- Digitalization of Historical Image --- p.65 / Chapter 4.5 --- Reconstructing of Historical Ideology --- p.70 / Chapter Chapter V: --- Reconstructing History / Chapter 5.1 --- Evolution of Medias --- p.76 / Chapter 5.2 --- Game as Media --- p.80 / Chapter 5.3 --- Virtual Reality and the Reconstruction of History --- p.84 / Chapter Chapter VI: --- Conclusion --- p.91 / Reference --- p.95

A versão impressa possui 221 f. + 1 CD-ROM com os apêndices A e B / Orientador(a): Gladis Massini-Cagliari / Banca: Elisa Battisti / Banca: Luciani Ester Tenani / Banca: Rosane de Andrade Berlinck / Banca: Cristina Martins Fargetti / Resumo: Esta tese objetiva estudar o direcionamento da adjunção de clíticos fonológicos no Português Arcaico (PA) a partir das cantigas galego-portuguesas: as cantigas religiosas (Cantigas de Santa Maria, de Afonso X, o rei Sábio) e as cantigas profanas (cantigas de amor, de amigo, de escárnio e maldizer). Através do levantamento e da análise comparativa da cliticização sintática e fonológica dos pronomes oblíquos presentes nesse corpus, chegamos à determinação da cliticização destes elementos e a pistas da formação de constituintes prosódicos maiores, especificamente o constituinte prosódico intermediário, localizado entre a Palavra Fonológica e o Sintagma Fonológico. Partindo do mapeamento das ocorrências de pronomes oblíquos presentes nas cento e cinquenta primeiras Cantigas de Santa Maria e em cento e cinquenta cantigas profanas (50 cantigas de amor, 50 cantigas de amigo e 50 cantigas de escárnio e maldizer), argumentamos a favor da possibilidade de se considerar a existência de um constituinte intermediário como um nível hierárquico importante dentro da estrutura prosódica do Português Arcaico. Para comprovar tal possibilidade, analisamos três tipos de evidências: as pistas que vêm do fenômeno de interpolação, as pistas que vêm da consideração de estruturas prosódicas inseparáveis e as pistas que vêm do processo de elisão. A interpolação nos sugere um caráter distinto no comportamento dos pronomes do ponto de vista fonológico, uma vez que, quando temos material entre o clítico e o verbo, não é possível considerar que a palavra hospedeira fonológica do pronome clítico seja o verbo. Assim como Guzzo (2015) mostra para o Português Brasileiro, verificamos que no Português Arcaico há determinadas estruturas inseparáveis que devem ser prosodizadas no Grupo Composto (VOGEL 2008, 2009... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This thesis aims to study the adjunction direction of phonological clitics in Archaic Portuguese (AP) from the Galician-Portuguese cantigas (a genre of poetry): the religious cantigas (Cantigas de Santa Maria, by Afonso X, the Wise King) and the secular cantigas (love songs [cantigas de amor], friend songs [cantigas de amigo], and satirical songs [cantigas de escárnio e maldizer]). Through the survey and the comparative analysis of the syntactic and phonological cliticization of the unstressed pronouns present in the corpus, we could determine the direction of cliticization of these elements and identify clues of major prosodic constituents formation, specifically the intermediate prosodic constituent, located between the Phonological Word and the Phonological Phrase. Departing from the mapping of the occurrences of unstressed pronouns present in the first 150 Cantigas de Santa Maria and in 150 secular cantigas (50 cantigas de amor, 50 cantigas de amigo and 50 cantigas de escárnio e maldizer), we argue in favor of considering the existence of an intermediate constituent as an important hierarchical level within the prosodic hierarchy of Archaic Portuguese. To prove this possibility, we analyzed three types of evidence: the clues that come from the phenomenon of interpolation, the clues that come from the consideration of inseparable prosodic structures and the clues that come from the process of elision. The iterpolation suggests us a distinct character in the behavior of phonological pronouns, once there can occur between the clitic and the verb, it is not possible to consider that the phonological host word of the clitic pronoun is the verb. As Guzzo (2015) shows for Brazilian Portuguese, in Archaic Portuguese there are certain inseparable structures that must be prosodized in the Compound Group (VOGEL 2008, 2009, 2010)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

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Eine der beliebtesten Schmuckformen in der deutschen Buchmalerei sind die Feldinitialen mit „Akanthusrankenausläufern“. Das sind so genannte Initialbuchstaben, die mit floralen Ornamenten, meistens Blattformen oder Ranken, versehen sind. Neben dieser Ausführung winden sich von den Buchstaben oder Initialfeldern Ranken hinweg, welche sich über die Ränder der Seiten oder zwischen den Schriftspalten entlang ziehen. Diese sind dann häufig mit weiteren floralen und vor allem bildlichen Motiven besetzt, wie zum Beispiel mit Blüten, Vögeln oder menschlichen Figuren.

Edition commerciale de : Thèse de doctorat : Etudes anglaises : Paris 4 : 1999. / Résume en anglais vol. 2 p.329. Bibliogr. vol. 2 p. 289. Notes bibliogr.

During the eleventh century the Aquitanian monastery of St. Yrieix, located forty kilometers south of Limoges, acquired a new gradual, a manuscript containing the liturgical Mass chants for the year. The Gradual of St. Yrieix, now at the Paris Bibliothèque Nationale (Pa903), includes both text and music, redacted with the musical notation typical of the region of Aquitaine. The objective of this research is to analyze Pa903 as a document of liturgical musical practice and as a participant in the historical events of its region and time. While the Gregorian chant repertory dominates the gradual, this dissertation addresses the neo-Gregorian chants of Pa903, composed in the period following the dissemination of Gregorian chant throughout Europe. These neo-Gregorian chants were open to the influence of the contemporary regional musical style and cultural traditions surrounding St. Yrieix. Chapter II reviews the backdrop of historical events surrounding Pa903, focusing on the reform and expansion at St. Yrieix and its transition from a monastery to a chapter of canons. The musical and liturgical characteristics of Pa903 (Chapter III) show that St. vii Yrieix favored its senior patron St. Martin of Tours and St. Aredius (its patron saint) above St. Martial of Limoges (a powerful neighbor) and presented in the gradual a community of saints with strong regional influence. Chapters IV and V analyze the concordances of antiphons, tropes, prosulas, prosas, and neo-Gregorian Mass chants of Pa903 with those of the Aquitanian graduals and other sources throughout Europe. The tropes of the Proper and Ordinary, the complete repertory of prosulas and prosas, and the neo-Gregorian Mass chants of Pa903 are collected together here for the first time outside of Pa903. The neo-Gregorian chants are found in the sanctoral, temporal, and the ritual Masses and include a group of chants that reflects textual and musical elements of the prior Gallican tradition. The chant repertory of the gradual also presents a subgroup of forty-nine antiphons, prosas, prosulas, and neo-Gregorian Mass chants found only in Pa903, documented here with musical examples. / text