Orientador: João Carlos Kfouri Quartim de Moraes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T08:42:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho_IsaarSoaresde_D.pdf: 1506884 bytes, checksum: ab8e090b6fb2e6c9c32c4807c4886450 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é examinar a interpretação das Escrituras feita por Thomas Hobbes para corroborar sua tese sobre o caráter absoluto do poder civil, especialmente sobre a Igreja. Na época de Hobbes era necessário ao cidadão conhecer as Leis de Deus para discernir se a Lei Civil se opunha a elas ou não, para que não pecasse contra o poder civil ou contra a vontade de Deus. Em sua obra De Cive Hobbes diz que o homem é um membro de uma sociedade que é primeiramente secular e depois, sacra. Nessa obra ele se dedica a examinar qual é a essência da Religião Cristã e qual é a natureza do comando e da sujeição. Hobbes adota uma nova hermenêutica para ler as Escrituras. Nosso esforço é o de examinar a interpretação da Bíblia feita por ele para defender a natureza absoluta da soberania e suas críticas das intervenções da Igreja no poder civil, aparentemente em nome de Deus. Um dos problemas mais importantes da teoria política de Hobbes era o da supremacia do poder civil sobre a religião, o qual é tratado, em primeiro lugar, com argumentos baseados na razão natural e, em segundo lugar, com argumentos baseados em textos das Escrituras. Ele encontra na Bíblia diversos textos que, de acordo com a sua interpretação, poderão corroborar não só a natureza absoluta do poder civil, mas também a própria teoria do consentimento. Hobbes, como um engenhoso estrategista, enfrenta a hermenêutica oficial da Bíblia, que era parcial e falaciosa, especialmente quando se tratava das relações entre o poder secular e o alegado poder universal da Igreja. E se a Igreja usou os textos das Escrituras como "as fortificações avançadas" para ameaçar ameaça o poder civil, Hobbes as lerá usando seus textos como corroboração de seus argumentos em favor daquele que "foi feito para não ter medo" o grande Leviatã, aquele "Deus Mortal, ao qual devemos, abaixo do Deus Imortal, nossa paz e defesa". E dele se deriva a legitimidade da Igreja, que em nome de Deus pretende sobrepor-se ao soberano civil, cuja autoridade é reconhecida, no entanto, pela própria Escritura Sagrada. Esta é a essência de nosso labor: examinar como e em que medida esses conceitos são construídos em sua argumentação e também resgatar a importância de seu pensamento sobre a Religião e as Escrituras, estas como uma das colunas da construção de uma nova hermenêutica, em sua luta pela paz civil diante das pretensões de soberania da instituição eclesiástica, principalmente a católica, mas também a presbiteriana, especialmente no contexto britânico / Abstract: The aim of this paper is to examine the interpretation of the Scripture by Thomas Hobbes to support his thesis about the absoluteness of the civil power, especially on the Church. At the time of Hobbes it was necessary for citizens to know the Laws of God to discern whether the Civil Law was opposed to them or not, that might not sin against the civil power or against the will of God. In his work De Cive Hobbes says that man is a member of a society that is primarily secular and later religious. In this work he is engaged to examine what is the essence of the Christian Religion, and what is the nature of leadership and submission. Hobbes adopts a new hermeneutic for reading the Scripture. Our effort is to examine the interpretation of the Bible for him to defend the absolute nature of sovereignty and its criticism of the Church's intervention in the civil power, apparently in the name of God. It was of great importance in the argument of Hobbes defense of the supremacy of civil power over religion, adopting an argument based partially on natural reason and partly on the texts of Scripture. He will find many texts in the Bible, according to their interpretation, may corroborate not only the absolute nature of the civil power, but also the theory of consent. Hobbes, as a clever strategist, faces official hermeneutics of the Bible, which was partial and misleading, especially when it came to relations between the secular power and the alleged universal power of the Church. And if the Church used the texts of the Scriptures as "the Outworks of the Enemy, from whence they impugne the Civil Power", Hobbes will read them using their texts as corroboration of their arguments in favor of one who "was not meant to be afraid of", the "great Leviathan, that Mortal God, to whom we owe, under the immortal God, our peace and defense." And it derives the legitimacy of the Church that in God's name you want to override the civil sovereign, whose authority is recognized, however, by the Bible. This is the essence of our work: to examine how and to what extent these concepts are built in their arguments and also to recover the importance of his thinking about religion and the Scriptures, such as one of the pillars of the construction of a new hermeneutics, in its struggle for civil peace in the face of claims of sovereignty of the ecclesiastical institution, mainly Catholic, but also the Presbyterian, especially in the British context / Doutorado / Filosofia / Doutor em Filosofia

Orientador : Luiz Cesar Marques Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T04:09:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_MariaAntoniaCoutoda_M.pdf: 21412470 bytes, checksum: 3a2eba07f78e4e8d332c767a0a74798b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Resumo: O objetivo principal deste estudo é a análise do contexto histórico e artístico em que foram realizadas duas telas pertencentes ao Museu de Arte de São Paulo, cópias de quadros de Paolo Veronese (1528-1588): Hércules entre o Vício e a Virtude e Alegoria da Sabedoria e da Força, pintadas por François Boucher (1703-1770). Os originais foram pintados por volta de 1576 e pertencem atualmente à Frick Collection, de Nova Iorque. As cópias pintadas por Boucher foram realizadas quando os originais estavam na Coleção do Regente da França, sendo datadas de a partir de 1752. As cópias de Veronese do século XVIII pertencem a um contexto histórico europeu de revalorização da pintura veneziana do século XVI. Esta ocorreu não apenas através de Sebastiano Ricci, que retoma a poética dos mestres venezianos do século XVI, mas também através da irradiação das obras de Rubens no contexto francês do século XVIII, através de artistas como Watteau, Coypel, La Fosse. Através dos debates na Academia francesa em tomo da supremacia da linha ou do colorido e da admiração pela obra de Rubens, a Paris do século XVIII redescobriu a sensibilidade cromática veneziana e a poética de seus mestres do Renascimento. O colecionismo e a possibilidade de acesso dos artistas franceses do século XVIII a estas obras venezianas foi outro fator importante. Pelos motivos abordados, as cópias de Boucher assumem assim um caráter paradigmático. A pintura francesa da segunda metade do século XVIII iria traçar caminhos muitos diferentes / Abstract: The main aim of this study is the anaIysis of both the historicaI and the artistic context of production of two paintings beIonging to the Art Museum of São Paulo. They are copies, painted by François Boucher (1703-1770), of previous paintings by PaoIo Veronese (1528-1588): Hercules between Vice and Virtue and Allegory of Wisdom and Strength. The originaIs were painted around 1576. Nowadays theyare at the Frick Collection in New Y orIe. The copies painted by Boucher were made while the originaIs were at the Collection ofthe Regent ofFrance. In this way, they are dated to the years around 1752. The 18th century copies of Veronese's paintings should be set within a context of European reappraisal of 16th century venetian painting. This reappraisal happened through Sebastiano Ricci's retaken of 16th century venetian masters poetics and through the irradiation ofRubens paintings, which happened in 18th centuty France through artists like Watteau, Coypel and La Fosse. The debates that took place in the French Academy, regarding the supremacy either of the line or the color, and the admiration that Ruben's works received, made it possible, in 18th century Paris, to happen the rediscovery of venetian chromatic sensibility and of its Renascence masters poetics. "Collecting" and the accessibility to these paintings by french artists of the 18th century were other essential factors for these rediscoveries. In this context, Boucher's copies have a paradigmatic character. French painting of the second half of the 18th century would go through very different paths / Mestrado / Mestre em História

The two concepts of hypocrisy and heresy are completely disparate in modern use, and yet they were related in two ways during the early modern period. Firstly, both terms were prominent charges in the polemical exchanges of the English Reformation. Consequently, in this thesis they provide useful tools for studying the effects of controversy on language. The meaning of hypocrisy and of heresy was of considerable concern to many controversialists, and yet the resulting attempts at defining these terms contributed to their destabilization and incoherence. These terms were also related in a second respect throughout the early modern period. Given the universal conviction at that time that there was only one “true” church, and given the consequent pressures imposed by churches (both Catholic and Protestant) to enforce conformity to their own religions, it was inevitable that judgements had to be made concerning the convictions and internal beliefs of others. Such judgements were central in charges of heresy and hypocrisy; hence in this thesis the concepts of hypocrisy and heresy provide useful tools for studying early modern understandings of intentionality and judgement. The writings of Sir John Cheke, William Perkins, Bishop Joseph Hall and Sir Francis Bacon are shown to display concern combined with confusion and incoherence over these topics. However, Sir Thomas More’s Dialogue Concerning Heresies is shown to contain an intricate and coherent analysis of intentionality and judgement vis a vis heresy. But, More’s foundation for judgement and knowledge was the consensus fidelium, a foundation which simply was not available to the later Protestant writers. Lastly, Thomas Hobbes’s treatments of hypocrisy and heresy are examined. In effect, Hobbes negated the judgement of intentions where both concepts were concerned. He acknowledged and accepted the separation of internal belief from external profession. Likewise he accepted the impenetrable nature of the human mind and heart in a way his forebears had not. By examining Hobbes’s treatment of these concepts in light of the polemical confusion and conceptual incoherence of the preceeding century, a better understanding of Hobbes’s philosophy is obtained and the relevance of early modern theology for intellectual history is demonstrated. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

Orientador: Yara Adario Frateschi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T10:12:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_LuizCarlosSantosda_M.pdf: 654662 bytes, checksum: 4105ed4b2ad6551e58ce398de2046942 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar de que modo a conduta natural dos homens em Hobbes, ao contrário da interpretação de Leo Strauss que procura retirar das bases da política hobbesiana toda influência dos princípios científicos, resulta de uma aplicação do princípio inercial do movimento na consideração dos homens em estado de natureza Para tanto, procuramos investigar de que maneira o movimento inercial é entendido por Hobbes como causa e origem da sensação e concepções mentais, bem como das paixões e ações voluntárias que regulam o comportamento natural dos homens. / Abstract: The objective of the present work is to present in which way men's natural conduct in Hobbes, unlike Leo Strauss's interpretation that tries to remove of the bases of Hobbes' politics all influences of the scientific principles, results in an application of the inertial principle of the movement on men's consideration in state of nature. For that, we tried to investigate in which way the inertial movement is understood by Hobbes as cause and origin of sensation and mental conceptions, as well as of passions and voluntary actions that regulates men's natural behavior. / Mestrado / Mestre em Filosofia

Over the course of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, canvas substituted panel or wall as the preferred support for painting in Venice, moving from the periphery to the core of artmaking. As it did so, canvas became key to the artistic processes and novel pictorial language developed by painters like Titian, Tintoretto and Veronese. Sixteenth-century critics associated canvas with painting in Venice, a connection that has persisted to become a veritable trope of Venetian art history. Despite this, we have hitherto lacked a convincing account of Venetian canvas supports and their impact. This dissertation, by examining the adoption, development, and significance of canvas in Venetian art over the period 1400 to 1600, attempts to provide one. Approaching canvas from multiple perspectives, this project offers a deeper understanding of what early modern canvas was at a material level, how it was made and supplied to painters, and its catalyzing role in early modern Venetian art. By tracing precisely how canvas operates within paintings, focusing on lodestar examples whilst drawing on extensive and intensive object-based research carried out on a large corpus, this thesis demonstrates how actively canvas participated in the elaboration of the pictorial poetics of mature Cinquecento art in Venice. It argues that we owe the existence of this distinctive artistic idiom in no small part to the twist of a yarn, the roughness of a thread, the thickness of a stitch. Canvas was critical to both the making and the meaning of these pictures. The wider aims of the project are twofold: on the one hand, to model a methodology that integrates approaches such as visual, textual, and sociocultural analysis with technical art history and conservation-informed comprehension of the materially altered nature of art objects; on the other, to contribute to an account of the history of an art form—the canvas picture—that still occupies a central role in the global art world today.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariana Levit Kaufmann.pdf: 678295 bytes, checksum: 1a01185c17fd1be6c7bd3135a0faa696 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-02 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This dissertation analyzes some aspects of the philosophy of Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) that led to his involvement in a series of polemics in the seventeenth-century England. For the development of the subject, in a first step, we intend to discuss certain important aspects of his conception of religion in order to understand the reasons why the philosopher was called an atheist , spreader of heresies and enemy of the christian values. In a second step, we will discuss aspects that structure his natural philosophy, his vision of what is knowledge and what is world . Following up, we will make a comparison between two of the methods adopted by the philosophers involved in the polemics. On one side, the approach based on the deductive method, a priori, with a mathematical and logical character which was defended by the author of De Corpore while, on the other side, the methodology structured on the effects obtained through the experimentations of nature, a posteriori, which was adopted by many of the members of the Royal Society. We hope to clarify some of the main reasons why the polemics did take place, that might help us to better understand the discussions that involved the author of Leviathan e some of the members of the Royal Society, specially Robert Boyle (1627-1691) and John Wallis (1616-1703). We therefore intend to obtain the explicit reasons why Hobbes was considered a threat to other thinkers and ecclesiastics of his time. In this way, we will analyze fundamental hobbesian ideas like his conception of God, his critics to the immortality of the soul as well as his structure of a totally necessary world. We will observe in which way such ideas became dangerous to society and how his critics saw them. At last, was the image built over the atheist Hobbes, in fact, related to his belief in God? / Esta dissertação analisa alguns aspectos da filosofia de Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) que propiciaram seu envolvimento em uma série de polêmicas na Inglaterra seiscentista. Para tanto, num primeiro momento, objetivamos discutir certos aspectos importantes de sua concepção de religião a fim de compreender por quais motivos o filósofo foi chamado de ateu , de propagador de heresias e de inimigo dos valores cristãos. Num segundo momento, abordaremos aspectos que estruturaram sua filosofia natural, sua visão de mundo e de conhecimento. Em seguida, faremos uma comparação entre dois dos métodos que foram adotados pelos filósofos envolvidos nessas polêmicas. Por um lado, a abordagem baseada no método dedutivo, a priori, de caráter matemático e lógico que era defendida pelo autor do De Corpore, enquanto de outro lado aquela que se estruturava sobre os efeitos obtidos por meio de experimentações da natureza, a posteriori, que foi adotada por vários dos membros da Royal Society. Esperamos esclarecer alguns dos principais motivos pelos quais as polêmicas de fato ocorreram e assim, talvez, poderemos compreender melhor as discussões que envolveram o autor do Leviatã e alguns dos membros da Royal Society, especialmente Robert Boyle (1627-1691) e John Wallis (1616-1703). Temos a finalidade, portanto, de explicitar os motivos pelos quais Hobbes era considerado uma ameaça para outros pensadores e eclesiásticos de seu tempo. Desta forma, analisaremos idéias hobbesianas fundamentais como sua concepção de Deus, suas críticas à imortalidade da alma bem como a sua estruturação de um mundo absolutamente necessário. Observaremos de que maneira idéias como essas se tornaram perigosas para a sociedade e como seus críticos as viam. Enfim, será que a imagem que se construiu sobre o ateu Hobbes tinha de fato relação com sua crença em Deus?

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In this thesis I have retrieved the modern language of the law of nature between the period 1625--1672. I have reconstructed this language as a response to the seventeenth century breakdown of society in Europe. / In Chapters 1, 2 and 3, I lay out Hugo Grotius' moral and political theory grounded in three irreducible principles of self-preservation, the primacy of society and consent. These principles lead Grotius to develop a rich and pluralistic theory. / Thomas Hobbes's theory calls into question the complex Grotian social and political arrangement and in its place provides an absolutist and homogeneous conception of the state. This is treated in Chapter 4. / In Chapters 5 and 6, I lay out Samuel Pufendorf's moral and political theory. Pufendorf accepts Grotius's and Hobbes' initial premises but argues for a 'regular' or homogeneous state. / The retrieval of the law of nature proposed in this thesis is important, for it radically calls into question the conventional manner in which we understand the seventeenth century. Among other things, this work illuminates the common foundation shared by contemporary liberals, communitarians and more radical theories.

O presente trabalho busca analisar a compreensão da natureza dos homens presente na história da guerra civil inglesa de Thomas Hobbes intitulada Behemoth e investigar as relações entre tal compreensão e a escrita histórica do autor. Trabalha-se com a hipótese de que a teoria da natureza humana definida e defendida por Hobbes em suas obras de filosofia política perpassa a obra em estudo em múltiplos níveis que merecem exame. Apresentam-se as definições teóricas da natureza humana estabelecidas por Hobbes no Leviathan para então examinar de que formas esta teoria informa a história no Behemoth, com especial atenção ao funcionamento das ações, paixões e opiniões e ao papel da natureza humana como causa e explicação da história. De modo a melhor compreender a associação entre história e teoria presente na obra, são examinadas também as concepções de Hobbes acerca da ciência, da experiência e da causalidade. Por fim, discutem-se as relações entre a natureza humana, os propósitos da história e as escolhas discursivas de Hobbes no Behemoth. / This study aims to analyze the ideas about men‘s nature in Behemoth, Thomas Hobbes‘ history of the English Civil War, and to inspect the connections between those ideas and the author‘s historical writing. My working hypothesis is that the theory of human nature defined and upheld by Hobbes in his works of political philosophy permeates the book under analysis in several ways that merit investigation. For comparison, I first present the theoretical definitions and explanations about human nature established by Hobbes in Leviathan and then I examine in what ways that theory influences and informs Behemoth‘s history, focusing on how actions work, the role of passions and opinions, and the use and presentation of human nature as explanation and cause in history. In order to better understand the association between history and theory at work in Behemoth, I analyze Hobbes‘ conceptions about science, experience and causality. Lastly, I discuss how human nature as presented in the book under analysis is related to Hobbes‘ idea about the purpose of history and his discursive choices in Behemoth.

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