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I performed statistical analysis of shipboard physical properties data from the Ocean Drilling Program to investigate relationships between the physical properties data and the lithology of deep ocean cores. The use of non-invasive experiments on deep-sea core samples offers a near real-time view of sediments and requires little user interaction or interpretation. The speed, density, and accuracy of these experiments make efficient use of limited space and expensive ship time. The fact that these experiments are noninvasive also allows for further post-cruise studies. For the study I chose Leg 162 (July-September 1995 in the North Atlantic) for the density of data, the experiments performed, the quantity and quality of post-cruise publications and the influence of different, yet dominant, environments. Combining similar lithologies across a Leg increased sample size and offered a more statistically normalized sample. Interpolation of the physical properties data matched the intervals used for the lithological determinations. Statistical methods included univariate and multivariate correlation matrices, mean and standard deviations, the significance of the correlations, and a model equation for each lithology and the Leg as a whole. By looking at the physical properties, one can estimate the lithology. This research is important because sedimentological and geophysical approaches can be merged to offer a more accurate, more detailed view of the depositional history of oceanic cores. Through statistical analysis of geophysical data, the findings duplicate the findings of the sedimentologists without the painstaking examinations typical of this type of research. Performing experiments and analysis quickly and accurately with minimal operator error allows for immediate discussions and results. Use of this research as a data verification tool provides the ability to distinguish data acquisition problems and misidentifications. This application has proven invaluable for allowing a non-sedimentologist quantitative insight into the lithology.

John G. Truxal. / "August 25, 1950." / Bibliography: p. 101. / Army Signal Corps Contract No. W36-039-sc-32037 Project No. 102B Dept. of the Army Project No. 3-99-10-022

There is a growing tendency in the application of the quality management system to the construction industry. Within this perspective, some quality management standards, like ISO 9001, are utilized to assure the quality in projects. Application of this system to water resources projects is also of importance since they are very large systems having various components for which quality management would improve the overall efficiency. The aim of this thesis is to examine the implementation of the quality management in the design and construction processes of a sample irrigation network in order to evaluate its benefits by the cost of quality, which is assumed to be the most effective performance measure. To this end, the prevention and appraisal costs and failure costs, which constitute the cost of quality,are identified separately and their interactions are investigated on a case study in which the causes of these failures are analyzed and quantified in the form of graphs.

Diss.--Philosophische Fakultät--Münster--Westfalische Wilhelms-Universität, 1989. / Bibliogr. p. 176-191.

Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)

L’un des défis majeurs relevé par la gravimétrie moderne consiste en la détermination de modèles mathématiques et de cartes numériques du champ de gravité de la Terre dont la fiabilité est identique quelle que soit l’échelle spatiale considérée en domaines terrestre, littoral, marin et sous-marin. Aujourd’hui, les harmoniques de haut degré correspondant aux courtes longueurs d’onde du champ de gravité sont encore affectés de grandes incertitudes de par la diversité et les différences de précision et de résolution des techniques gravimétriques permettant de les atteindre. Le principal obstacle à l’amélioration de la résolution et la précision des modèles vient de ce que les systèmes de gravimétrie et gradiométrie mobiles, seuls instruments qui permettent des acquisitions à précision et à résolution spatiale homogènes, demeurent encore encombrants et gros consommateurs d’énergie, ce qui interdit en particulier leur installation sur des drones terrestres, aériens, navals de surface et sous-marins. L’intérêt de ce type de porteur est de pouvoir opérer des acquisitions très proches des sources ce qui accroît considérablement la restitution des variations locales de la gravité. Le développement d’un nouveau type de capteur gravimétrique à faible encombrement et moindre consommation énergétique apparaît donc indispensable pour répondre à la problématique posée par la mesure des courtes longueurs d’onde du champ de gravité.Dans le cadre de ses activités de recherche en gravimétrie, le Laboratoire de Géomatique et Foncier (Cnam/GeF EA 4630), en collaboration avec le Laboratoire de Recherche en Géodésie (LAREG) de l’Institut National de l’information Géographique et forestière (IGN), le Laboratoire Domaines Océaniques (LDO, UMR CNRS 6538, UBO), l’Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) et le Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine (SHOM), développe un instrument novateur qui permet la mesure dynamique du champ de gravité terrestre en fond de mer.Le système baptisé GraviMob (système de Gravimétrie Mobile) ne nécessite pas de plateforme stabilisée et se fixe rigidement dans l’habitacle du véhicule porteur, en l’occurrence, un submersible autonome. Le cœur du système est constitué de triades d’accéléromètres, permettant une mesure vectorielle de l’accélération de pesanteur. Un traitement des mesures par filtrage de Kalman, intégrant les données de position et d’orientation du véhicule porteur, réalise la restitution du champ de pesanteur dans un référentiel adapté à son interprétation et son exploitation. Ce prototype instrumental a été expérimenté en Mer Méditerranée au cours de l’année 2016, à l’aplomb de profils gravimétriques de surface acquis antérieurement par le SHOM. La comparaison du signal gravimétrique obtenu en fond de mer avec les données du SHOM indique une répétabilité de la tendance générale du signal gravimétrique à 5 mGal près.Ce manuscrit aborde successivement, l’établissement de l’équation d’observation du système GraviMob, l’étalonnage et l’orientation des accéléromètres du capteur, la stratégie d’estimation du champ de pesanteur par un filtre de Kalman intégrant un modèle d’évolution des composantes du champ de pesanteur et un modèle d’observation tenant compte du bruit de mesure, le traitement et l’analyse des mesures acquises lors de son expérimentation en Mer Méditerranée, puis la comparaison du signal gravimétrique obtenu avec les données de référence. / One of the major challenges of modern gravimetry consists in determining mathematical models and digital maps of the Earth’s gravity field, the reliability of which is identical whatever the spatial scale considered in terrestrial, coastal, marine and submarine domains. Today, the harmonics of high degree corresponding to the short wavelengths of the gravity field are still affected by great uncertainties due to the diversity and the differences in precision and resolution of the gravimetric techniques making it possible to reach them. The main obstacle to improve the resolution and accuracy of models is that gravimetry and gradiometry mobile devices, the only instruments that allow homogeneous precision and spatial resolution acquisitions, are still bulky and energy-intensive, which prohibits their installation on terrestrial, aerial, surface and submarine drones. The interest of this type of carrier is to make acquisitions very close to the sources which considerably increases the restitution of the local variations of the gravity. The development of a new type of gravimetric sensor with small size and lower energy consumption appears therefore essential to answer the problematic posed by the measurement of the short wavelenghts of the gravity field.As part of its research in gravimetry, the Laboratoire Géomatique et Foncier (Cnam/GeF EA 4630), in collaboration with the Laboratory for Research Geodesy (LAREG) of the National Institute for Geographic and Forest Information (IGN), the Oceanic Domains Laboratory (LDO, UMR, CNRS 6538, UBO), the French Research Institute for the Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER) and the Marine Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service (SHOM), develops an innovative instrument which allows the dynamic measurement of the Earth’s gravity field in the subsea domain.The system, called GraviMob (Gravimetry Mobile System), does not require a stabilized platform and is rigidly attached to the carrier vehicule, in this case an Autonomous Underwater Vehicule (AUV). The heart of the system consists of triads of accelerometers, allowing a vector measurement of the gravity. A Kalman filter, integrating the position and orientation data of the carrier vehicle, performs the estimation of the gravity field in a frame adapted to its interpretation. This instrumental prototype has been tested in the Mediterranean Sea during the year 2016. The comparison of the gravimetric signal obtained near the seabed with the surface gravimetric profiles, previously acquired by the SHOM, indicates a repeatability of the general trend of the gravimetric signal to within 5 mGal.This manuscript deals successively with the establishment of the observation equation of the GraviMob system, the calibration and orientation of the accelerometers, the gravity field estimation strategy by a Kalman filter, integrating an evolution model of the gravity field components and an observation model taking the measurement noise into account, the processing and analysis of the measurements acquired during its experimentation in the Mediterranean Sea, then the comparison of the gravimetric signal obtained with the reference data.

This master thesis deals with a data remote transmission by means of SMS and GPRS technology. The overview of current solutions is presented and then a remote temperature measurement and a data transmission employing a communication module GSM/GPRS TM1 through GSM network using GPRS technology is described. As a response to an impulse, the communication module sends SMS. The technical solution is described in details including HW and SW design of the data transfer and processing equipment using a ATmega 162 microprocessor. This equipment communicates with a server (PC), which displays the measured temperature. A prototype which was used for a validation of the design is also described.

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