Ramine Nikoukhah ... [et al.]. / Cover title. / Includes bibliographical references. / Supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. AFOSR-88-0032 Supported in part by the National Science Foundation. ECS-8700903 Supported in part by Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (INRIA), France.

Th.--Litt. fr.--Rennes 2, 1988.

This dissertation examines the role of Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz as the Romantic Other in the formation of Russia's Romantic identity during his Russian sojourn between 1824 and 1829. Analysis of Mickiewicz's image as the poetic Other, with respect to his Russian contemporaries, reveals the process that led to the establishment of their individual and national identities during the transition from Classicism to Romanticism in the second half of the 1820s. Examination of materials gathered from a variety of sources - poetry dedicated to, and inspired by, Mickiewicz, reviews of his work, correspondence and memoirs - demonstrates how contemporary Russians perceived Mickiewicz: a Polish poet, all at once a representative of Western literature and culture, a Lithuanian bard, a Slavic Byron, and a poet who was also close to Russia's cultural and poetic tradition. Special consideration is also given to Mickiewicz as the Other in Pushkin's poetic paradigm "bard vs. prophet", through which the Russian poet expressed and interpreted his own poetic identity in the context of Western and Russian literature. Such a multi-dimensional image of Mickiewicz reflects the Russians' struggle to establish their own Romantic identity in response to Western literary and cultural models, as well as one that would reflect Russia's own history and tradition. By examining Mickiewicz's so far unexplored position as the Romantic Other, this dissertation provides a new perspective on the significant role that the Polish poet and his work played in the critical period of Russia's transition towards its own Romantic literature.

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This thesis deals with the history of the Acehnese Islamic empire, focusing on the events leading up to its decline in both its internal stability and its hegemony in the surrounding regions in the second half of the seventeenth century. During the given period (1641-1699) the empire was ruled successively by four female rulers. The thesis deals with the political and economic developments in this period. / Aceh was an Islamic empire in the Indonesian archipelago which emerged as the greatest and most influential Islamic power in the region from the middle of the sixteenth century to the early seventeenth century. It reached its golden age during the reign of Sultan Iskandar Muda (1607-1636) who succeeded in developing the empire into an unrivaled Muslim power whose control included the West Sumatran coast and the Malay peninsula. During his reign, Aceh became the holder of the political and economic hegemony in the region. / Towards the second half of the seventeenth century, the power of Aceh gradually declined from its peak both internally and externally. Internally, political disintegration paved the way for the process of power transition between political groups within the empire. Externally, both the political importance and the economic supremacy of the empire in the region was drastically reduced. Consequently, its power again shrank back into the north-Sumatran area from which the empire originally emerged.

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Em 8 de novembro de 1799, quatro homens foram enforcados e esquartejados em praça pública na cidade de Salvador. Condenados por conspirarem contra a Coroa de Portugal, os alfaiates João de Deus do Nascimento e Manuel Faustino, e os soldados Lucas Dantas de Amorim Torres e Luiz Gonzaga das Virgens e Veiga foram considerados pelos Desembargadores do Tribunal da Relação da Bahia como sendo os únicos protagonistas de um movimento conhecido atualmente como Conjuração Baiana de 1798. O trágico fim desses homens foi reputado pela historiografia oitocentista como sendo uma anomalia social e manifestação da barbárie habilmente abortada pelas autoridades régias. Sob a pena dos intelectuais do século XX, entretanto, o evento foi considerado como a mais popular das revoltas que antecederam a emancipação política do Brasil, em 1822. Sendo que o exemplo mais notável, nesse caso, é a importante obra de Affonso Ruy, A Primeira Revolução Social Brasileira. Dessa feita, após as comemorações do primeiro centenário da Independência do Brasil, percebe-se que a pena histórica encarregou-se não só de alargar as bases sociais do evento, originalmente circunscrita aos médios e baixos setores da sociedade baiana da época, como, a partir de uma inversão historiográfica dos pólos das análises o transformou em um dos tournants da nossa história nacional. Da Sedição dos mulatos à Conjuração baiana de 1798, portanto, é a história da memória histórica de um evento pátrio cujo legado simbólico de seus protagonistas foi retomado de tempos em tempos e parece ser destinado a servir de instrumento privilegiado para a reflexão ao sabor de distintas conjunturas. / On November 8th of 1798, four men were hanged and quartered in a public square in the city of Salvador. Condemned for conspiracy against the Royal Government of Portugal, the tailors João de Deus do Nascimento and Manuel Faustino and the soldiers Lucas Dantas de Amorim Torres e Luiz Gonzaga das Virgens e Veiga were identified by the chief judge of the Tribunal da Relação of Bahia as the only protagonists of a movement known nowadays as Conjuração Baiana de 1798. The tragic end of these men was considered by the 19th century\'s historiography as a social anomaly and a demonstration of the barbarity skilfully suppressed by the royal authorities. However, according to the intellectuals of the 20th century, the event was the most popular revolt that preceeded the political emancipation of Brazil, in 1822 and A Primeira Revolução Social Brasileira, a book by Affonso Ruy, is a notable example of this interpretation. After the celebrations of the first centenary of Brazilian Independence, it is possible to say that the historians not only spreaded out the social basis of the event, originally confined to the medium and low portions of Bahia\'s society at that time but also - by making an historiographical inversion of the extreme points of the analyses - transformed it in a turning point of our national history. To sum up, From the Sedition of the mulattoes to the Conspiração baiana de 1798, here we have a history of the historical memory of a native event which simbolic legacy of its protagonists has been constantly rehabilitated in order to act as a powerful instrument of analysis due to different circumstances.

Em 8 de novembro de 1799, quatro homens foram enforcados e esquartejados em praça pública na cidade de Salvador. Condenados por conspirarem contra a Coroa de Portugal, os alfaiates João de Deus do Nascimento e Manuel Faustino, e os soldados Lucas Dantas de Amorim Torres e Luiz Gonzaga das Virgens e Veiga foram considerados pelos Desembargadores do Tribunal da Relação da Bahia como sendo os únicos protagonistas de um movimento conhecido atualmente como Conjuração Baiana de 1798. O trágico fim desses homens foi reputado pela historiografia oitocentista como sendo uma anomalia social e manifestação da barbárie habilmente abortada pelas autoridades régias. Sob a pena dos intelectuais do século XX, entretanto, o evento foi considerado como a mais popular das revoltas que antecederam a emancipação política do Brasil, em 1822. Sendo que o exemplo mais notável, nesse caso, é a importante obra de Affonso Ruy, A Primeira Revolução Social Brasileira. Dessa feita, após as comemorações do primeiro centenário da Independência do Brasil, percebe-se que a pena histórica encarregou-se não só de alargar as bases sociais do evento, originalmente circunscrita aos médios e baixos setores da sociedade baiana da época, como, a partir de uma inversão historiográfica dos pólos das análises o transformou em um dos tournants da nossa história nacional. Da Sedição dos mulatos à Conjuração baiana de 1798, portanto, é a história da memória histórica de um evento pátrio cujo legado simbólico de seus protagonistas foi retomado de tempos em tempos e parece ser destinado a servir de instrumento privilegiado para a reflexão ao sabor de distintas conjunturas. / On November 8th of 1798, four men were hanged and quartered in a public square in the city of Salvador. Condemned for conspiracy against the Royal Government of Portugal, the tailors João de Deus do Nascimento and Manuel Faustino and the soldiers Lucas Dantas de Amorim Torres e Luiz Gonzaga das Virgens e Veiga were identified by the chief judge of the Tribunal da Relação of Bahia as the only protagonists of a movement known nowadays as Conjuração Baiana de 1798. The tragic end of these men was considered by the 19th century\'s historiography as a social anomaly and a demonstration of the barbarity skilfully suppressed by the royal authorities. However, according to the intellectuals of the 20th century, the event was the most popular revolt that preceeded the political emancipation of Brazil, in 1822 and A Primeira Revolução Social Brasileira, a book by Affonso Ruy, is a notable example of this interpretation. After the celebrations of the first centenary of Brazilian Independence, it is possible to say that the historians not only spreaded out the social basis of the event, originally confined to the medium and low portions of Bahia\'s society at that time but also - by making an historiographical inversion of the extreme points of the analyses - transformed it in a turning point of our national history. To sum up, From the Sedition of the mulattoes to the Conspiração baiana de 1798, here we have a history of the historical memory of a native event which simbolic legacy of its protagonists has been constantly rehabilitated in order to act as a powerful instrument of analysis due to different circumstances.