France played a leading role in the European Enlightenment, influencing other European countries in their thinking and development of philosophical ideas based on the emerging ideals of liberté, égalité and fraternité. Among the many topics alive in intellectual circles at the time, a debate about the education of females peaked in the 18th century, and it is not surprising that it was a Frenchman, François Fénelon, who drew attention first through his Traité de l'éducation des filles (1687) to the lack of education for females. His countrywoman Madame de Lambert extended his argument in her Avis d’une mère à sa fille (1688-1692, published 1728), a lengthy essay addressed to her daughter justifying the importance and describing the nature of female education. A half century later in Germany, Sophie von La Roche published her Briefe an Lina: Ein Buch für junge Frauenzimmer[,] die ihr Herz und ihren Verstand bilden wollen in her weekly paper Pomona für Teutschlands Töchter (1783/84). In these letters, collected and published in book form in 1807, she described the principles of a program of education for women which would lead to a happy life. Both of these female writers were exceptions in their time and fought to establish the position of women as educated and valued members of society. This thesis contextualizes and examines their writings to answer the question to what degree they contributed to a progressive step in the education of women at the time and the cultivation of educated and critical thinking in the next female generation. Hippolyte Taine’s sociological method assumes that literature can be analyzed through its author’s life on the basis of the three key concepts, race, milieu, and moment. After applying these concepts to the life of Madame de Lambert and Sophie von La Roche through historical background and sociological analysis, a close textual examination of the two central texts proceeds with these points of emphasis in each woman’s case: biographical background and social role determination (Frauenbild und Bestimmung der Frau); accommodation to the notion of ‘pleasing’ society, the males especially, and instilling happiness in others and themselves (Gefallen und Glück); and the education and erudition of women (Bildung und Gelehrsamkeit). Their contributions to these areas of active life and intellectual debate illustrate to some extent a personal adaptation to the conventions and standards of the era, but more importantly, beyond that, a breakout from traditional ideas and practices. In sum, Madame de Lambert is seen as a pioneer in the philosophical evaluation of the intellectual strength of women, and Sophie von La Roche, as a German counterpart with an emphasis on their practical enlightened education. The comparative analysis also reveals important sociological differences between Germany and France in the 18th century with regard to the subject of female education.

Bakgrund och problem: Finansiella rapporters betydelse vid företagsanalyser och beslut som investerare fattar ställer krav på den externa redovisningen. Sammansatta avtal har begränsad vägledning i de befintliga redovisningsrekommendationerna, de grundläggande definitioner av intäkter präglas idag av svagheter. Hur ser efterlevnaden ut av dessa rekommendationer idag? Konvergensprojekt mellan IASB och FASB syfte är att harmonisera och skapa nya gemensamma rekommendationer kring intäktsredovisning. Kan konvergensprojektet tydliggöra och utveckla de befintliga rekommendationerna av sammansatta avtal?  Syfte: Syftet är att belysa problemområden kring intäktsredovisning av sammansatta avtal enligt IFRS, samt undersöka skillnaderna mellan de befintliga intäktsredovisningsrekommendationerna och förslaget från konvergensprojektet. Urval: Studien kommer endast undersöka telekombranschen då de utgör en bransch med frekvent användning av sammansatta avtal. Dessa företag är även noterade på den svenska börsen. Metod: Kvalitativ innehållsanalys där granskning av årsredovisningar är utgångspunkten. Problem som uppmärksammats i och med granskning av företagens efterlevnad av rekommendationer kommer sättas i förhållande till konvergensprojektets förslag på ny intäktsredovisning. Analys: IFRS lämnar stort utrymme för tolkningar, i analysen bearbetas intäktsredovisning, verkligt värde samt identifiering, separering och periodisering. Diskussion och slutsatser: Redovisningsrekommendationer kring sammansatta avtal är idag mycket begränsad, ökade upplysningskrav skulle ge användaren mer information vid jämförelse och bedömning av företag. Konvergensprojektet utgår från det sammansatta avtalet mellan företag och kund.. Efterfrågan om mer vägledning kan komma i konflikt med målet om en mer principbaserad redovisningsrekommendation.

Genom de omarbetade direktiven, 2004/18/EG (klassiska direktivet) och 2004/17/EG (försörjningsdirektivet), har det tillkommit nya regleringar beträffande offentlig upphandling. De nya direktiven har till syfte att förbättra regelsystemet för att bättre uppnå syftet med lagstiftningen om offentlig upphandling. I båda direktiven har det tillkommit bestämmelser om användningen av ramavtal samt bestämmelser om de båda nya tilldelningsförfarandena elektronisk auktion och dynamiska inköpssystem. I det klassiska direktivet har det tillkommit ett nytt upphandlingsförfarande, konkurrenspräglad dialog. I dessa nya bestämmelser i de konsoliderade direktiven om offentlig upphandling kommer regleringar som bl a innehåller skrivningen att de upphandlande enheterna inte får använda det aktuella förfarandet på ett sätt som hindrar, begränsar eller snedvrider konkurrensen.Denna skrivning tycks vara hämtad från konkurrensbegränsningsreglerna i artikel 81 och 82 i EG-fördraget. Uppsatsen behandlar vad denna skrivning i det klassiska - direktivet har för betydelse inom upphandlingsrätten. Innebär skrivningen att den upphandlande enheten inte får hindra, begränsa eller snedvrida konkurrensen på ett sätt som är förbjudet enligt artikel 81 och 82 i EGF, d.v.s. skall man göra en analog tillämpning av förbuden i artikel 81 och 82 EGF vid tolkningen av skrivningen. Alternativt finns det en för offentlig upphandling egen modell för vad som hindrar, begränsar eller snedvrider konkurrensen. Uppsatsen fokuserar i mångt och mycket på förhållandet mellan ”skrivningen” och artikel 2 (i det klassiska direktivet) som ger uttryck för de EG-rättsliga principerna som ligger till grund för att syftet med upphandlingsreglerna uppnås, d.v.s. att offentlig upphandling öppnas för konkurrens. Ger ”skrivningen” något utökat skydd utöver det skydd som de EG-rättsliga principerna ger för att en upphandlande enhet inte skall snedvrida konkurrensen. / Through the revised directives, 2004/18/EG (The Classical directive) and 2004/17/EG (The Directive of supply), new rules have been brought in concerning public procurement. The new directives have the purpose to improve the system of regulation to better achieve the purpose with the legislation of public procurement. In both directives new regulations about the new procedures of awarding contracts, Dynamic purchasing systems and Electronic auctions, and the use of Framework agreements have been brought in. In the Classical directive a new procedure of public procurement has been brought in, i.e. so-called Competitive dialogue. In these new regulations there are rules which, among other things, contains the writing “contracting authorities may not use the procedure in such a way as to prevent, restrict or distort competition”. This writing seem to be descended from the rules of limiting competition in article 81 and 82 in the EC-treaty. This thesis is about the meaning of this writing in the Classical directive of public procurement within the law of public procurement. Is the meaning of the writing that a contracting authority may not prevent, restrict or distort competition in a way that is forbidden in article 81 and 82 in the EC-treaty, i.e. will you make an analogue application of the prohibitions in article 81 and 82 in the interpretation of the writing. Alternatively is there a special model in the law of public procurement of what prevents, restricts or distorts competition? This thesis is, in a large extent, focusing on the relationship between “the writing” and article 2 in the Classical directive. Article 2 express the principles of EC-law which is fundamental for the purpose of the law of public procurement to be achieved, i.e. that public procurement is being opened-up to competition. Does the “writing” give any further protection exceeding that protection being given by the principles of EC-law, article 2, for a contracting authority not to distort the competition?

France played a leading role in the European Enlightenment, influencing other European countries in their thinking and development of philosophical ideas based on the emerging ideals of liberté, égalité and fraternité. Among the many topics alive in intellectual circles at the time, a debate about the education of females peaked in the 18th century, and it is not surprising that it was a Frenchman, François Fénelon, who drew attention first through his Traité de l'éducation des filles (1687) to the lack of education for females. His countrywoman Madame de Lambert extended his argument in her Avis d’une mère à sa fille (1688-1692, published 1728), a lengthy essay addressed to her daughter justifying the importance and describing the nature of female education. A half century later in Germany, Sophie von La Roche published her Briefe an Lina: Ein Buch für junge Frauenzimmer[,] die ihr Herz und ihren Verstand bilden wollen in her weekly paper Pomona für Teutschlands Töchter (1783/84). In these letters, collected and published in book form in 1807, she described the principles of a program of education for women which would lead to a happy life. Both of these female writers were exceptions in their time and fought to establish the position of women as educated and valued members of society. This thesis contextualizes and examines their writings to answer the question to what degree they contributed to a progressive step in the education of women at the time and the cultivation of educated and critical thinking in the next female generation. Hippolyte Taine’s sociological method assumes that literature can be analyzed through its author’s life on the basis of the three key concepts, race, milieu, and moment. After applying these concepts to the life of Madame de Lambert and Sophie von La Roche through historical background and sociological analysis, a close textual examination of the two central texts proceeds with these points of emphasis in each woman’s case: biographical background and social role determination (Frauenbild und Bestimmung der Frau); accommodation to the notion of ‘pleasing’ society, the males especially, and instilling happiness in others and themselves (Gefallen und Glück); and the education and erudition of women (Bildung und Gelehrsamkeit). Their contributions to these areas of active life and intellectual debate illustrate to some extent a personal adaptation to the conventions and standards of the era, but more importantly, beyond that, a breakout from traditional ideas and practices. In sum, Madame de Lambert is seen as a pioneer in the philosophical evaluation of the intellectual strength of women, and Sophie von La Roche, as a German counterpart with an emphasis on their practical enlightened education. The comparative analysis also reveals important sociological differences between Germany and France in the 18th century with regard to the subject of female education.

Unsymmetrical discotic liquid crystals based on hexaazatriphenylene(HAT) have not been published until today.We have used tetrahydoxyquinone as the starting material to synthesis unsymmetrical discotic liquid crystals based on HAT and investigate their properties of liquid crystal.

The move into deeper waters in the Gulf of Mexico has produced new opportunities for petroleum production, but it also has produced new challenges as different reservoir problems are encountered. This integrated reservoir characterization effort has provided useful information about the behavior and characteristics of a typical unconsolidated, overpressured, fine-grained, turbidite reservoir, which constitutes the majority of the reservoirs present in the Outer Continental Shelf of the Gulf of Mexico. Reservoirs in the Green Canyon 18 (GC 18) field constitute part of a turbidite package with reservoir quality typically increasing with depth. Characterization of the relatively shallow 8 reservoir had hitherto been hindered by the difficulty in resolving its complex architecture and stratigraphy. Furthermore, the combination of its unconsolidated rock matrix and abnormal pore pressure has resulted in severe production-induced compaction. The reservoir's complex geology had previously obfuscated the delineation of its hydrocarbon accumulation and determination of its different resource volumes. Geological and architectural alterations caused by post-accumulation salt tectonic activities had previously undermined the determination of the reservoir's active drive mechanisms and their chronology. Seismic interpretation has provided the reservoir geometry and topography. The reservoir stratigraphy has been defined using log, core and seismic data. With well data as pilot points, the spatial distribution of the reservoir properties has been defined using geostatistics. The resulting geological model was used to construct a dynamic flow model that matched historical production and pressure data.. The reservoir's pressure and production behavior indicates a dominant compaction drive mechanism. The results of this work show that the reservoir performance is influenced not only by the available drive energy, but also by the spatial distribution of the different facies relative to well locations. The study has delineated the hydrocarbon bearing reservoir, quantified the different resource categories as STOIIP/GIIP = 19.8/26.2 mmstb/Bscf, ultimate recovery = 9.92/16.01 mmstb/Bscf, and reserves (as of 9/2001) = 1.74/5.99 mmstb/Bscf of oil and gas, respectively. There does not appear to be significant benefit to infill drilling or enhanced recovery operations.

Questa tesi descrive lo stato delle conoscenze degli effetti tossici da micotossine su animali d allevamento, ed alcuni esperimenti condotti per valutare gli effetti indotti da esposizione cronica da micotossine sui ruminanti. Uno studio è stato condotto su 15 aziende specializzate in sistemi di produzione intensiva di carni bovine, situate nel Nord Italia (province di Verona e Mantova), con l'obiettivo di individuare i rischi d esposizione a contaminazione da micotossine. Alcuni metodi di laboratorio sono stati sviluppati: un metodo per la determinazione di ocratossina A (OTA) accumulata in tessuti e organi; Un metodo per valutare gli effetti delle fumonisine sulla biosintesi delle basi sfingoidi sfingosina (So) e sfinganina (Sa); Un metodo per rilevare l addotto AFB1-albumina. La razione totale mescolata (TMR) è risultata positiva alla AF e FB. Tra i singoli alimenti, il mais e la semola glutinata di mais sono stati i principali responsabili della contaminazione del TMR. Il livello di contaminazione è positivamente correlato al contenuto di umidità di mais. Il metodo per la determinazione dell OTA nei tessuti ed organi ha mostrato un buon recupero medio. L'analisi del rapporto Sa/So nel sangue non ha mostrato alcun effetto negativo delle fumonisine sulla biosintesi lipidica. L'addotto AFB1-albumina è risultato positivo per il 18% dei campioni totali di sangue. / The thesis describes the state of knowledge about toxic effects of mycotoxins on farm animals, and some experiments conducted to assess effects induced by chronic exposure to mycotoxins on ruminants. A field study for was carried out on 15 farms specialised for intensive beef production system, located in Northern Italy (provinces of Verona and Mantova), with the aim to identify risks of exposure to mycotoxins contamination. Some laboratory methods were performed: a method for the detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) concentration in tissues and organs; a method for evaluating the effects of fumonisin on biosynthesis of the two sphingoid bases sfingosine (So) and sphinganine (Sa); a method to detect the AFB1-albumin adduct. Total mixed rations (TMR) resulted positive for AF and FB contamination. Among single feedstuffs, corn and corn gluten feed were the main responsible for TMR contamination. Level of contamination was positively related to corn moisture content. The method for the determination of OTA in tissue and organ showed a good mean recovery. The analysis of ration Sa/So in blood did not show any negative effect by fumonisin on the lipidic biosynthesis. The AFB1-albumin adduct was positive on 18% of total blood samples.

Zugl.: Hildesheim, Univ., Habil.-Schr., 2007

Texte remanié de : Dissertation : Philosophie : Universität Zürich : 2007. / Bibliogr. p. [201]-214. Index.

Zugl.: Duisburg, Essen, Univ., Diss., 2008