The primary purpose of this study is to show that anticipations of the "art for art's sake" theory can be found in Tennyson's poetry which is in line with the tenets of aestheticism and symbolism, and to show that Tennyson's lyricism is a "Palace of Art" in which his tragic emotions-- sadness, sorrow, despair, and melancholic sensibility--were built into beauty.

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Diss.--Darmstadt--Techn. Hochsch., 1996.

Texte remanié: Diss.--Histoire--Innsbruck. / Bibliogr. p. 349-383. Index.

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This study of Ecuador under Gran Colombia comprises more than a catalogue of the obstacles underlying the failure of Simon Bolívar's experiment in statecraft. While the distinct nature of the regional and local problems of the southern departments add to that diagnosis, they also stand apart as factors in the formation of the Republic of Ecuador. The Liberator's determination to maintain the territorial integrity of the audiencia of Quito as a part of the viceroyalty of New Granada prevented the potential partitioning of that region between Peru and Colombia. Colombian military assistance enabled the fleeting Republic of Guayaquil to play a crucial role in the liberation of the audiencia. This ensured a patriotic legacy for Guayaquil compatible with that of Quito in the formation of Ecuadorian national identity. The special treatment accorded the Southern Departments by Bolívar's use of his extraordinary faculties and his later authority as dictator maintained the regional identity of Ecuador. The inability of the Colombian government to effectively respond to the local problems of the Southern Departments undermined the legitimacy of that regime. In contrast, the efficiency of the military administration imposed upon the departments by Bolívar enhanced his personal authority. Also, at the expense of Gran Colombia, the Liberator fostered an embryonic administrative centralism around the leadership of one of his most loyal officers, General Juan José Flores. The era of Ecuador under Gran Colombia witnessed the continuation of the colonial economic system beneath the superstructure of republican politics. In recognition of the distinct nature of southern society, Bolívar formally sanctioned that continuity, ultimately replacing the few liberal reforms attempted in the south with a return to colonial institutions. Within this framework the local elites of Quito, Guayaquil, and Cuenca remained secure in their society. Within the decade of its existence as part of Gran Columbia, Ecuador demonstrated its own dynamic elements, both local and regional in nature, that gradually coalesced to form an embryonic national identity. The emergence of the Republic of Ecuador in May 1830 was an affirmation of that historical development.

El estudio de la Guerra de la Independencia en América y específicamente en la región de Charcas -conocida en ese momento como Alto Perú-ha sido una preocupación de los intelectuales dedicados a la historia desde el siglo XIX. No es de extrañar que los primeros libros sobre historia que se publicaron en Bolivia estuvieran precisamente dedicados a describir el proceso de la independencia, y es que el conocimiento de esta etapa era fundamental para imaginar la nación (utilizando el término de Benedict Anderson). Es con este objetivo que surgió la llamada Historia Patria, dedicada no sólo a recrear los hechos del pasado que pudieran sentar las bases de la nueva república, sino también a resaltar la vida y la obra de los personajes que participaron en ella en el lado —correcto“, es decir, al lado de los partidarios de la independencia (...) A partir de la anterior reflexión, el presente trabajo de investigación busca analizar el proceso histórico que se dio entre 1808 y 1826 partiendo de una visión que se enfoca en el ámbito local, centrado en la región de Oruro. Dos son los principios que guían nuestro trabajo: el primero es el de la necesidad de analizar esta etapa como un proceso en sí mismo, es decir, no como un paso entre una etapa colonial a otra republicana, sino como un periodo con sus propios problemas y especificidades; el segundo principio es estudiarlo como un proceso complejo, es decir que no se toma en cuenta únicamente como un hecho bélico conocido como la Guerra de la Independencia, sino como un conjunto de procesos paralelos y entrelazados que debe ser analizado desde varias dimensiones y perspectivas.

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy / This thesis focuses on a selection of biographical treatments of Charles Darwin dating from 1887 to 1991, and through these explores certain shifts in the purposes and assumptions of biography since the Victorian period. An introductory discussion of problematic features in standard histories of biography is followed by an overview of the biographical material that surrounds Darwin. Four works are then analysed in detail. These are: The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin edited by his son Francis Darwin. (1887); Charles Darwin: The fragmentary man by Geoffrey West (1937); Darwin and the Beagle by Alan Moorehead (1969); and Darwin by Adrian Desmond and James Moore (1991). The disparities between these works - disparities in purpose, form, and the image of Darwin that each presents - are so great that one must question whether biography is a continuous, evolving family of texts. Is it not, rather, a conglomeration of approaches to life-writing - approaches which critics have grouped into a single genre much as the ancients grouped whales with fishes, on the basis that "because certain of their structural features are analogous, they must be generically-related"? The findings of this thesis do not supply a comprehensive answer, but affirm that we need to re-evaluate concepts like "the evolution of biography". In an appendix I analyse The Life of Richard Owen by R.S. Owen (1894) and thereby reconsider certain of my conclusions about Victorian biography. (Owen was the most eminent naturalist of the era and is often supposed to have been Darwin's greatest rival, hence my choice of this particular work.) / AC 2018

Orientador: Milton Jose de Almeida / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-23T07:14:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camargo_LilianaGuimaraesPompeude_M.pdf: 5715692 bytes, checksum: 96ccd244b7109b2e40a9c4331cecb7e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1997 / Resumo: O estudo das idéias e valores acerca do mundo natural nos faz ver que a relação do homem com a natureza assume diversas formas, dependendo dos interesses da sociedade da época. Atualmente, com a contribuição da enorme divulgação e circulação das questões ecológicas, tudo o que se relaciona à natureza é considerado bom e verdadeiro e ruim quando o homem a degrada. Imagens ligadas à natureza atribuem idéias de verdade e confiabilidade a valores sociais. Assim, a produção dos vídeos, devido ao aprimoramento do desenvolvimento tecnológico, toma-se cada vez melhor e mais elaborada no sentido de transmitir imagens/sons cada vez mais carregadas de realismo. Esse realismo aliado à linguagem exageradamente antropomórfica das fitas de vídeo sobre comportamento animal nos dá a idéia/imagem de que os animais são dotados de ações e sentimentos morais. E os animais, pertencendo ao mundo natural. fazem com que essas ações e sentimentos sejam considerados verdadeiros e, portanto, aceitos / Abstract: The study of ideas and values about the natural world makes us perceive that the relationship between man and nature assumes a variety of forms,depending on the interests of society at that time. At the moment / Mestrado / Ciencias Sociais Aplicadas à Educação / Mestre em Educação

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