No description available.

Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido o método para a padronização de fontes de 182Ta produzidas no reator de pesquisas IEA-R1 do IPEN. O 182Ta decai com uma meia-vida de 114 dias pelo decaimento -, populando os níveis excitados do182W. São emitidos raios gamas de várias energias entre 31 keV e 264 keV e entre 1001 keV e 1453 keV. As medidas foram realizadas em um sistema de coincidência 4 utilizando a técnica da extrapolação linear da eficiência. O sistema de coincidência é composto de um contador proporcional 4 acoplado a um cristal de NaI(Tl). As medidas foram realizadas selecionando dois intervalos de energias na via gama, a fim de verificar a consistência dos resultados. Um cálculo utilizando o método de Monte Carlo que prevê o comportamento da atividade observada em função da eficiência do detector 4(PC) foi utilizado. Os resultados foram comparados com os valores experimentais. As probabilidades de emissão gama mais intensas do 182Ta foram determinadas por meio de um espectrômetro gama de HPGe, a curva de eficiência do espectrômetro de germânio foi obtida por meio da utilização de fontes de 152Eu, 241Am, 60Co, 133Ba e 166mHo, padronizadas em sistema primário. As incertezas envolvidas nas medidas foram tratadas pela metodologia de covariância. Os resultados obtidos são concordantes dentro da incerteza experimental com valores encontrados na literatura. / In this work the procedure developed for the standardization of 182Ta sources produced by irradiation at the IPEN IEA-R1 research reactor is presented. The 182Ta decays with a half-life of 114 days by emission, populating the excited levels of 182W. It emits gamma rays with several energies mainly between 31 keV and 264 keV and between 1001 keV and 1453 keV. The measurements were performed in a 4 coincidence system by using the extrapolation technique. The coincidence system is composed of a 4 proportional counter coupled to a NaI(Tl) cristal. The measurements were undertaken selecting two windows in the -channel, in order to check the consistency of the results. A Monte Carlo calculation was performed in order to predict the behavior of the observed activity as a function of the 4 detector efficiency and the results were compared to experimental values. The most intense gamma-ray emission probabilities of 182 Ta were determined by means of an HPGe gamma spectrometer, the germanium efficiency curve was obtained by using sources 152Eu, 241Am, 60Co, 133Ba and 166mHo standardized in a primary system. The uncertainties involved in the measurements were treated by the covariance methodology. The results obtained are in good agreement with the experimental uncertainty compared with literature values.

Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido o método para a padronização de fontes de 182Ta produzidas no reator de pesquisas IEA-R1 do IPEN. O 182Ta decai com uma meia-vida de 114 dias pelo decaimento -, populando os níveis excitados do182W. São emitidos raios gamas de várias energias entre 31 keV e 264 keV e entre 1001 keV e 1453 keV. As medidas foram realizadas em um sistema de coincidência 4 utilizando a técnica da extrapolação linear da eficiência. O sistema de coincidência é composto de um contador proporcional 4 acoplado a um cristal de NaI(Tl). As medidas foram realizadas selecionando dois intervalos de energias na via gama, a fim de verificar a consistência dos resultados. Um cálculo utilizando o método de Monte Carlo que prevê o comportamento da atividade observada em função da eficiência do detector 4(PC) foi utilizado. Os resultados foram comparados com os valores experimentais. As probabilidades de emissão gama mais intensas do 182Ta foram determinadas por meio de um espectrômetro gama de HPGe, a curva de eficiência do espectrômetro de germânio foi obtida por meio da utilização de fontes de 152Eu, 241Am, 60Co, 133Ba e 166mHo, padronizadas em sistema primário. As incertezas envolvidas nas medidas foram tratadas pela metodologia de covariância. Os resultados obtidos são concordantes dentro da incerteza experimental com valores encontrados na literatura. / In this work the procedure developed for the standardization of 182Ta sources produced by irradiation at the IPEN IEA-R1 research reactor is presented. The 182Ta decays with a half-life of 114 days by emission, populating the excited levels of 182W. It emits gamma rays with several energies mainly between 31 keV and 264 keV and between 1001 keV and 1453 keV. The measurements were performed in a 4 coincidence system by using the extrapolation technique. The coincidence system is composed of a 4 proportional counter coupled to a NaI(Tl) cristal. The measurements were undertaken selecting two windows in the -channel, in order to check the consistency of the results. A Monte Carlo calculation was performed in order to predict the behavior of the observed activity as a function of the 4 detector efficiency and the results were compared to experimental values. The most intense gamma-ray emission probabilities of 182 Ta were determined by means of an HPGe gamma spectrometer, the germanium efficiency curve was obtained by using sources 152Eu, 241Am, 60Co, 133Ba and 166mHo standardized in a primary system. The uncertainties involved in the measurements were treated by the covariance methodology. The results obtained are in good agreement with the experimental uncertainty compared with literature values.

by Robert M. Freund. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 28-29).

Yachting known as a relatively old and an expensive leisure activity, due to recent developments of technology and construction techniques has become accessible to a wider range of people. Mediterranean coasts have a great importance among the world yachters. There is a congestion of yacht traffic in the western and middle Mediterranean marinas, so the yachters tend to go to the Eastern Mediterranean including the Turkish coasts. G&ouml / cek is the most popular yachting region in Turkey with its sheltered bays, natural beauties and archeological heritage. G&ouml / cek Bays are among the first group of Specially Protected Areas declared in Turkey. Yachting activity in summer months has been an ever-increasing use. At present, there exists a very low level of managerial effort for limiting the environmental impacts of boating activities in G&ouml / cek Bays. The uncontrolled yachting in G&ouml / cek Bays presents a growing pressure on the environment, and the coastal and marine ecosystem. On the other hand, it contributes to decreasing the quality of holidays due to congestion, noise and water pollution. The aim of this thesis is to produce information that would contribute to a future regional yacht tourism management plan for G&ouml / cek Bays. To determine the preferences and evaluations of the yachters about this region two surveys have been carried out during the summers of 2000 and 2001. During these surveys questionnaires were distributed to the users and their priorities of several items were asked. Besides some demographic information about the user was obtained.

Οι Επτά επί Θήβας του Αισχύλου, σύμφωνα με όσα γνωρίζουμε, παρουσιάστηκαν για πρώτη φορά στην αρχαία Αθήνα το 467 π.Χ. και βραβεύτηκαν ως μέρος της τετραλογίας Λάϊος, Οιδίπους, Επτά επί Θήβας και του σατυρικού δράματος Σφιγξ, σε μια εποχή όπου η δημοκρατία έχει εγκαθιδρυθεί στην Αθήνα, αλλά έχουν αφήσει έντονα ίχνη σε αυτήν και την πολιτική της οι Περσικοί πόλεμοι. Στην εργασία αυτή θα επιχειρήσουμε να διερευνήσουμε και να αναδείξουμε τις σχέσεις της τραγωδίας των Επτά επί Θήβας με αποσπάσματα της προσωκρατικής σκέψης, ξεκινώντας από τα έπη του Ησιόδου, που οι μελετητές θεωρούν σημαντικά ως υπόστρωμα αυτού του έργου, και φτάνοντας μέχρι τον Πρωταγόρα, που η δράση του αρχίζει την εποχή που πρωτοπαρουσιάστηκε το έργο. Παρόλο που οι μελετητές δεν έχουν ασχοληθεί συχνά με αυτό το ζήτημα, φαίνεται να έχει ιδιαίτερη σημασία για την ερμηνεία αυτής της τραγωδίας, γι’ αυτό το λόγο θα επιμείνουμε σε αυτήν την έρευνα και θα προσπαθήσουμε να δείξουμε πώς ο Αισχύλος χρησιμοποιεί όχι μόνο τους διάφορους μύθους αλλά και φιλοσοφικούς στοχασμούς της εποχής του, για να τους μετουσιώσει σε θέατρο. / --

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:54:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:07:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:54:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:07:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido o método para a padronização de fontes de 182Ta produzidas no reator de pesquisas IEA-R1 do IPEN. O 182Ta decai com uma meia-vida de 114 dias pelo decaimento -, populando os níveis excitados do182W. São emitidos raios gamas de várias energias entre 31 keV e 264 keV e entre 1001 keV e 1453 keV. As medidas foram realizadas em um sistema de coincidência 4 utilizando a técnica da extrapolação linear da eficiência. O sistema de coincidência é composto de um contador proporcional 4 acoplado a um cristal de NaI(Tl). As medidas foram realizadas selecionando dois intervalos de energias na via gama, a fim de verificar a consistência dos resultados. Um cálculo utilizando o método de Monte Carlo que prevê o comportamento da atividade observada em função da eficiência do detector 4(PC) foi utilizado. Os resultados foram comparados com os valores experimentais. As probabilidades de emissão gama mais intensas do 182Ta foram determinadas por meio de um espectrômetro gama de HPGe, a curva de eficiência do espectrômetro de germânio foi obtida por meio da utilização de fontes de 152Eu, 241Am, 60Co, 133Ba e 166mHo, padronizadas em sistema primário. As incertezas envolvidas nas medidas foram tratadas pela metodologia de covariância. Os resultados obtidos são concordantes dentro da incerteza experimental com valores encontrados na literatura. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

No description available.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression via inhibiting mRNA translation or degrading mRNA. Since the discovery of miRNAs, dysregulated miRNAs have been identified in human patients with various diseases. Moreover, the role of miRNAs in biological processes, including immune homeostasis and autoimmunity pathogenesis, has been widely investigated. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that causes systemic damage to multiple organs and is characterized by the production of pathogenic autoimmune antibodies. In previous work in my lab, a set of commonly upregulated miRNAs in splenic lymphocytes of three lupus-prone mouse models was identified, including the miR-183-96-182 cluster (miR-183C) and miRNAs located at DLK1-DIO3 region. The work presented in this dissertation focuses on comparing the dysregulation pattern of miRNAs from different cell sources of lupus-prone mice and investigating the potential role of miR-183C in the pathogenesis of SLE and inflammation. The first goal was to test whether dysregulated miRNAs initially identified in the spleen of MRL/lpr mice, a standard model for SLE, is also reflected in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as PBMC is the primary source of lymphocytes in human patients. In MRL/lpr mice, we found that dysregulated miRNAs in PBMCs were overall comparable to those identified in the splenic lymphocytes. Further, comparing dysregulated miRNAs between mice and humans showed a similarity in the dysregulation of miRNAs in PBMCs of murine and human lupus. Among the upregulated miRNAs, the expression of three miRNAs of miR-183C was found to be commonly upregulated. To investigate the role of miR-183C, we developed miR-183C in CD2+ cells of C57BL/6 Faslpr/lpr (miR-183C-/-B6/lpr) mice. In miR-183C-/-B6/lpr mice, we observed a significantly reduced level of anti-dsDNA in the serum and IgG immunocomplex deposition in the kidney. Importantly, in vitro inhibition of miR-183C in activated splenic lymphocytes led to reduced production of the proinflammatory cytokine, IFN, and Foxo1, a transcription factor that is a target of miR-183C miRNAs. I also tested for miRNA changes in C57BL/6 Faslpr/lpr mice with conditional deletion of Early Growth Response-2 (EGR2) (Egr2-/- B6/lpr), another knockout mouse developed in our laboratory. Egr2 has recently been shown to regulate immunity and autoimmunity and play a role in lupus. An unexpected observation is that Egr2-/-B6/lpr mice had significantly reduced expression of a group of lupus-related miRNAs that are located at the genomic imprinted DLK1-DIO3 locus. Given that the upregulation of DLK1-DIO3 miRNAs in lupus is subjected to DNA methylation regulation and that the epigenetic regulatory role of EGR2 is emerging in recent studies, reduced representative bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) was performed to evaluate the methylation changes induced by Egr2 deletion. Global DNA hypomethylation and methylation changes at specific sites at DLK1-DIO3 region were noticed in CD4+ T cells of Egr2-/-B6/lpr mice. Overall, our research suggested a therapeutic effect of inhibiting the miR-183C expression on SLE. The interplay between epigenetic factors could help expand the possibility of controlling epigenetic regulators in autoimmune disease treatment. / Doctor of Philosophy / Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that causes damage to multiple organs. Same with other autoimmune diseases, the exacerbated immune reaction to self-antigen and auto-reactive adaptive immune cells were described in SLE. Currently, the treatment of lupus mainly uses immunosuppressive drugs to inhibit the global immune reaction. Thus, the innovative drug is desperately needed for SLE patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that inhibit the expression of genes by binding to mRNAs in a complimentary manner. Since the discovery of the first microRNA, the pivotal role of microRNAs in immunity and autoimmunity was vigorously investigated. Our lab was the first to describe a set of miRNAs that are commonly upregulated in three murine lupus models. Among these miRNAs, miR-183, miR-96, and miR-182 belong to the miR-183-96-182 cluster (miR-183C). The aim of the study in this dissertation focused on illuminating the dysregulation pattern of miRNAs in different cell sources in the murine lupus model and the role of miR-183C in the pathogenesis of SLE. We found that miRNAs are similarly dysregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and splenic lymphocytes of MRL/lpr mice. Then we conditionally knocked out the miR-183C in B6/lpr mice and investigated the effect of miR-183C loss on the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. Importantly, we found that the deletion of miR-183C led to a reduced production level of autoantibodies and ameliorated the deposition of immune complexes in the kidney. Moreover, the production of proinflammatory cytokines of splenic lymphocytes was regulated by miR-183C as well. Besides miR-183C, I also investigated the effect of early growth response 2 (EGR2), a transcription factor, on the expression of a set of lupus-related miRNAs and the methylation change at the genome location of these miRNAs. In summary, miR-183C can be a potential therapeutic target for lupus treatment while clinical human studies are needed to better clarify the effectiveness and efficiency.