This study will cover the period between 1861 and 1865. It will cover within that period of time, the technical and historical advance of the navy through the Civil War. The technical approach will cover the advancements in design, engineering, and armament from the beginning of hostilities to its end, and contrast those advancements with those of the period immediately preceding them and immediately after it, while the historical approach will cover the main engagements of the war and the results of the technical advances. The study will also cover the advancement and growth of the Confederate States Navy, and the effect which the marine designs of that navy had on the designs of the rival United States Navy.

The purpose of this thesis is to illustrate the importance of the military principle of unity of command by examining the military history of a Union army unit during the Civil War. The Mississippi Marine Brigade and its predecessor, the Ellet Ram Fleet, being a creation of the War Department, and yet conducting tactical operations within the scope of the Navy Department, vividly illustrates the problems inherent in joint army-navy operations. The brigade's primary mission was to counter guerrilla warfare in the Mississippi River valley. The text describes the organization, administration, and major operations of the brigade as a mobile, independent, private military force.

This research examines a sample of North Carolina Confederates as they transitioned from citizen to soldier between 1861 and 1863 during the American Civil War, and it questions how levels of commitment and devotion emerged during this transformation. North Carolina Confederates not only faced physical and emotional challenges as they transitioned from citizen to soldier, but also encountered social obstacles due to the strict social order of the Old South. Orthodoxy maintains this social dissent hindered any form of solidarity among North Carolina Confederates. The question remains, though, why did so many North Carolinians remain committed to the Confederacy until death or surrender? This thesis addresses that question. It acknowledges traditional works on North Carolina’s Civil War experience, however it focuses on the war front more closely. By examining soldiers’ personal reflections to experiences encountered during their transition more understanding concerning soldiers’ shifting perceptions emerge. This thesis encapsulates a soldier’s transition through three stages: camp, combat, and campaign. Each stage offers insight into how perceptions toward fellow men, the home front, combat, and camp-life changed over time. Soldiers were exposed to unprecedented levels of fear, sickness, death, and nostalgia that shook their foundations. Levels of commitment were questioned as men encountered each obstacle. The reflections herein indicate men’s devotion actually increased by 1863 by engaging the basic duties of soldiering and learning to function together in the midst of combat. Self-awareness for health and survival, hard work, and camp life activities took on new meanings by 1863. Furthermore, this sample offers an example of how the constant interactions of men whether in camp or on the battlefield ultimately strengthened solidarity among troops. This thesis pays particular attention to soldiers’ attachments to natural landscapes, and their abilities to materially alter landscapes for the purposes of survival and respite. These North Carolinians reveal how experiences during their transition from citizen to soldier ultimately laid a foundation to remain committed to the war.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This thesis seeks to answer the following question: What was the legacy of the Sisters of Charity in the history of philanthropy, women’s history, medicine and nursing? The Sisters of Charity was a Catholic religious order that provided volunteer nurses, and became highly visible, during the American Civil War. Several hundred Catholic sister nurses served; they supported both the Union and Confederacy by caring for soldiers from both armies. The sisters’ story is important because of the religious and gender biases they overcame. As nurses, the Sisters of Charity interacted with different people: they cared for soldiers, worked at the direction of surgeons and alongside lay relief workers. The war propelled them into public view, and the sisters acted as agents of change. Their philanthropy eroded some of the antebellum cultural proscriptions that previously confined Catholics, women and nurses. This thesis argues the Sisters of Charity created and implemented an antebellum philanthropic model, key aspects of which the majority, non-Catholic culture emulated after the war. The Sisters of Charity were agents of social change: they broke down religious, social and gender barriers, and developed a prototype for a healthcare model that the secular world emulated. Many women responded to the unprecedented suffering and cataclysmic conditions of the Civil War in a multitude of ways, and philanthropy was forever changed as a result. Wartime benevolence provided templates for large-scale voluntary organizations, illuminated the issue of payment for charity workers, moved the practice of philanthropy from individual to institutional, and led to the development of nursing as a profession. Female voluntarism shifted into the front and center of the public sphere. Charitable work moved along the continuum from individual to institutional, from volunteer to professional. Questions regarding the respective roles of payment to charitable workers developed. Nursing gained recognition as a profession, and formal training began. The Sisters of Charity were leaders in all these areas, and their orders served as models for the future of philanthropy. Yet they are often absent from analyses of the trajectory of nineteenth-century philanthropy, and this thesis delivers them to the discussion.

La décennie 1860-1870 a été d'une grande importance pour le Québec, autant au niveau politique qu'économique ou social. Au cours de ces années critiques la Confédération canadienne prend forme, Confédération dont les structures influencent le Québec pour l'avenir. Les discussions qui ont mené à la Confédération canadienne ont été d'autant plus délicates qu'au sud des colonies britanniques se déroulait un cas exemplaire de rapports difficiles entre différents paliers de gouvernement: la guerre de Sécession. Forcément, pour un libéral ou un conservateur, pour un francophone ou un anglophone, l'orientation adoptée face au projet de Confédération canadienne sera influencée au moins en partie par ce conflit et les enseignements que l'on croit pouvoir en tirer. Les États-Unis se sont-ils effondrés en raison de la domination d'une section sur l'autre ? Ou alors, en raison d'une autorité centrale trop faible ou trop forte ? Ces interrogations, les leaders politiques se les posent avec acuité puisque nombre des éléments de la situation américaine sont transférables au futur Canada : populations s'estimant différentes, différences économiques considérables, méfiance entre les différentes régions...Or, si des éléments sont transférables, d'autres ne le sont pas. En effet, la guerre de Sécession comporte une charge idéologique qui n'a pas d'équivalent direct au Canada : démocratie démagogique d'un côté, l'esclavage de l'autre, qui sont autant de traits que les partisans du Sud ou du Nord attribuent à l'adversaire. / Le présent mémoire explore la représentation que les futurs Québécois, anglophones ou francophones, eurent de ce conflit. Cette perception est analysée par le biais de la presse, soit les journaux d'allégeance conservatrice The Morning Chronicle et La Minerve, ainsi que les journaux libéraux Le Pays et The Montreal Witness. La conclusion essentielle est que l'allégeance politique de tel ou tel journal prime sur toutes autres considérations dans les prises de position face à la guerre de Sécession : il y a une grande unité de ton entre le Chronicle et La Minerve, et une animosité absolue entre Le Pays et cette même Minerve, même si ces deux derniers jours sont francophones. De même, Le Pays et le Witness ont en gros la même orientation, et ce même Witness est en opposition avec le Chronicle. L'importance capitale de l'allégeance politique fait que l'analyse de la guerre de Sécession elle-même passe souvent au second plan dans la couverture de cet événement par ces journaux, couverture qui sert plutôt de prétexte pour commenter la politique canadienne.

This thesis examines southern reactions to events that occurred in May 1856: the outbreak of civil war in Kansas and the caning of Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts. I researched two newspapers from the upper South state of Virginia, the Richmond Enquirer and the Richmond Daily Whig, and two newspapers from the lower South state of Louisiana, the New Orleans Times-Picayune and the New Orleans Bee to determine the extent to which political party sentiment and/or geographic location affected southern opinion towards the two events. Political party ties influenced the material each newspaper printed. Each newspaper worried that these events endangered the Union. Some, however, believed the Union could be saved while others argued that it was only a matter of time before the South seceded.

This study examines the efforts of the Union and Confederate diplomatic agents to influence the events along the Rio Grande during the Civil War. The paper compares the successful accomplishments of Confederate agent Jose Quintero to the hindered maneuverings of the Union representatives, Leonard Pierce and M. M. Kimuey. Utilizing microfilmed sources from State Department records and Confederate despatches, the paper relates the steps Quintero took to secure the Confederate-Mexico border trade, obtain favorable responses from the various ruling parties in northern Mexico, and hamper the Union agents' attempts to quell the border trade.

Includes information about Emperor Maximilian of Mexico adopting a policy of neutrality towards the Confederate States of America, statistics on the standing armies of various countries in Europe, information on Irish immigrants coming to the United States, coverage of Civil War battles and news, and two anonymous poems entitled "The Spring - The Awaking" and "When Shall it Be?"

Includes information about a brief by Pope Pius IX on the Munich Congress of Catholic Sevans, Emperor Maximilian accepts the throne in Mexico, President Lincoln approving an act that authorizes the people of Nebraska to form a Constitution and state government, a declaration by Queen Victoria to the people of England, and an anonymous poem entitled "The Month of Mary."

Includes information about an Englishman's account of Fort Sumter, an improved type-setting machine invented by Mr. Felt of Boston, MA, Yellow Fever in Key West, negative reports of the the summer campaign of the Civil War from a Union perspective, the Rev. Dr. Spalding of Louisville accepting the role of Archbishop of Baltimore, and two poems; one by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow entitled "Palingenesis" and one by Amelia entitled "Sonnet to My Mother."