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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references. Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Th. 3e cycle--Litt. fr.--Paris 3, 1988.

Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-18T19:01:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao-Paulo.pdf: 1146224 bytes, checksum: caba1155b1ddea2b60dd6717165fcbb4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Since electric power is an essential element in modern society, this paper analyzes the historic and institutional factors that have contributed to the formation and organization of the Brazilian electric sector, from the time when it started to be used in this country until the end of year 2002. This analysis is based on a linear description of historic facts, giving emphasis to crucial events ¿ or critical incidents, as they were called for the purpose of this paper. As to these happenings, the social actors who played an important role in the development of the Brazilian electric power sector were analyzed. An analytical model based on the theoretical references offered by the Institutional Theory was used. The study also highlights the elements that comprehend the development of the phenomenon in face of the ambivalence existing in a developing country, which is the case of the Brazilian electric power sector. The organizational fields that were established at the time determined by the main crucial incidents presented throughout the length of time covered by this study. The resources that the main social actors involved in the electric power sector may use by are also identified, as well as their main interests and level of influence these actors may have. Several documents were analyzed. The qualitative methodology was used. Also, many semi-structured in-depth interviews of the people who have made the history of this sector for reliability were conducted. Finally, this study includes the main elements that have shaped the institutional model of the Brazilian electric sector. It also characterizes the external environment as the element which has most influenced the sector and has also led its way throughout the different developmental phases, especially with respect to funding. The growing rates of power consumption indicate the need for a constant increase in the supply of electric power to meet the needs of society and economic development. This requires constant investment. Lack of investment is a limiting factor. Not only does it hinder the development of the country but it may also result in very unfortunate mishaps such as electric power rationing, such as the kind we had to endure a while ago. / Como a energia elétrica é um bem essencial em nossa sociedade, este trabalho tem por finalidade analisar a evolução dos fatores históricos e institucionais que contribuíram para a formação e estruturação do setor elétrico brasileiro, desde do surgimento da energia elétrica no Brasil, em 1880 até ao final do ano de 2002. Esta análise se faz, a partir da descrição histórica linear, com cortes nos fatos determinantes, denominados incidentes críticos, quando são detalhados e analisados os principais atores sociais presentes, no campo de energia elétrica, naquela data. Neste estudo utiliza-se um modelo analítico baseado no referencial teórico proposto pela Teoria Institucional, mas ressaltando os elementos que possam compreender o fenômeno, dentro de uma ambiência de um país em desenvolvimento, onde está inserido o setor elétrico brasileiro. Nesse sentido, são apresentados, ao longo do período abrangido por este trabalho, os campos organizacionais nas datas definidas pelos principais incidentes críticos, bem como são identificados os recursos de poder utilizados pelos principais atores sociais envolvidos e quais seus principais interesses e graus de influência. Foi adotada uma metodologia qualitativa e, a pesquisa utilizou o método de análise de diversos documentos e de entrevistas em profundidade, semi-estruturadas realizadas com dirigentes do setor que participaram desta história, com a finalidade de fornecer a necessária confiabilidade e a credibilidade aos fenômenos estudados. Finalmente, o estudo demonstra os principais elementos, que ao longo a história do setor elétrico brasileiro, determinaram sua modelagem institucional, caracterizando o ambiente externo, como o principal fator que vem influenciando e determinando a trajetória do setor elétrico brasileiro, nomeadamente, quanto à disponibilidade dos recursos financeiros a serem investidos neste setor. Anualmente, a sociedade e o desenvolvimento econômico do país demandam mais disponibilidade de energia elétrica que se reflete nas altas taxas de crescimento de consumo. Esta situação acarreta a necessidade de permanentes investimentos para atender às necessidades do país. Em contrapartida, a falta de investimentos no setor, pode tornar-se um fator limitador, já que sem energia disponível o desenvolvimento do país fica comprometido, ou até, como já aconteceu no passado, houve a necessidade de realizar racionamento de energia elétrica.

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Teoria Literária e Literaturas,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura, 2014. / Submitted by Albânia Cézar de Melo (albania@bce.unb.br) on 2014-04-30T14:08:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_JanainaGomesFontes.pdf: 1834313 bytes, checksum: 0629da2461016856df2d73659acaad1e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Guimaraes Jacqueline(jacqueline.guimaraes@bce.unb.br) on 2014-04-30T14:54:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_JanainaGomesFontes.pdf: 1834313 bytes, checksum: 0629da2461016856df2d73659acaad1e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-04-30T14:54:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_JanainaGomesFontes.pdf: 1834313 bytes, checksum: 0629da2461016856df2d73659acaad1e (MD5) / O presente trabalho objetiva analisar o tema da maternidade nos romances da escritora inglesa do século XIX Mary Ann Evans, que publicou sua obra sob o pseudônimo de George Eliot. Embora a maternidade seja um tema constante em sua produção ficcional, ela não tem sido suficientemente explorada nos inúmeros estudos críticos que identifiquei sobre a obra da escritora. O foco desses estudos quase nunca se volta para suas personagens femininas, para suas experiências, apesar de os romances de Eliot nos apresentarem uma rica variedade de mulheres de diversas classes sociais da sociedade vitoriana, com diferentes e complexas experiências, inclusive a da maternidade. Eliot, que optou por não ter filhos, retrata mães em diversas situações, apresentando desde aquelas mulheres que exercem o papel de mães tradicionais, até mulheres que se tornam transgressoras dos valores da época e desafiam esse papel. Objetivo analisar a representação da maternidade em seus sete romances – Adam Bede (1859), Silas Marner (1860), The Mill on the Floss (1861), Romola (1863), Felix Holt, The Radical (1866), Middlemarch (1874) e Daniel Deronda (1876) – desenvolvendo novas leituras de sua produção ficcional, a partir da perspectiva dos estudos feministas e de gênero. Com esse estudo, espero contribuir para novas perspectivas sobre esse tema e para a problematização e desconstrução de valores e mitos patriarcais. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The present work aims to analyze the theme of motherhood in the novels of the 19th century English writer Mary Ann Evans, who published her writings under the pseudonym George Eliot. Although motherhood is a recurrent theme in her fictional production, it has not been sufficiently explored in the innumerable critical studies I identified about her work. The focus almost never is on her female characters, on their experiences, though Eliot’s novels present a rich variety of women of diverse social classes of Victorian society, with different and complex experiences, including motherhood. Eliot, who opted against having children, portrays mothers in different situations, presenting those women who perform the role of traditional mothers and women who become transgressors of the values of the epoch and defy this role. I intend to analyze the representation of motherhood in her seven novels – Adam Bede (1859), Silas Marner (1860), The Mill on the Floss (1861), Romola (1863), Felix Holt, The Radical (1866), Middlemarch (1874) e Daniel Deronda (1876) – developing new readings of her fictional production, from the perspective of the feminist and gender studies. With this study I hope to contribute to new perspectives of this theme and to the problematization and deconstruction of patriarchal values and myths.

D.Litt. et Phil. (English) / This study investigates George Eliot's approach to the existential dilemma of her times, the collision of the individual with the general. It takes into account the historical context in which political radicalism and religious controversy threatened the stability and continuity of the individual and of society. The novels fictionalize the philosophical ideas expressed in earlier writings in terms of the individual experience of the characters. Each of the eight chapters is devoted to one ofthe novels and is discussed in chronological order of publication. Reference is made to George Eliot's letters and essays where relevant. The affinities of George Eliot with Auguste Comte and with Wordsworth are also considered. The nature and extent of a protagonist's rebellion is defined as it appears in each specific novel. The forms of active and passive rebellion are diverse. An utterance, usually an extended speech act made in complete sincerity, is a visible sign of the shift of consciousness which occurs when the individual moves from a state of rebellion to one of continuity of being. The two main categories of utterance are those of confession and those of commitment. The continuity of being towards which the individual strives consists of a belief in the innate goodness of the individual and trust in another sympathetic human being to release the good. Chapter One, Scenes of Clerical Life and Chapter Two, Adam Bede, emphasize the ceI,ltral role of a confessional utterance in the attainment of coherence of self. Chapters Three to Six focus on the novels published between 1860 and 1866 that are marked by key utterances of commitment and belief, arising from a sympathetic feeling towards another person. In The Mill on the Floss, Silas Marner and Romola, the pervasive Antigone theme is evaluated in which there is an opposition of two equally valid claims proposed by characters uttering contrary points of view in their expression of a rebellion against accepted norms. With the novel Felix Holt in Chapter Six, a political dimension appears and is further emphasized in the criticism of contemporary mores of the last two...

A mid-nineteenth century feminist anxious to enlist the support of the illustrious George Eliot in her cause would have found in the novelist a curious blend of progressive and conservative responses to the "woman question." Marian Evans' own struggle for a literary career coupled with the materialistic world view which she adopted from Ludwig Feuer-bach gave her an acute understanding of the oppression women endured under a patriarchal system. But at the same time she felt that women had a distinctive psychological makeup which meant they could exercise a special beneficent moral influence in social life. She would not admit woman's full equality with man because she felt that the complete emancipation of her sex might coarsen the feminine nature. George Eliot's contradictory attitudes to the position of women are reflected in her fictional writing, often marring the unity of her presentation of female characters. In The Mill on the Floss, Middlemarch and Daniel Deronda brilliant analysis of the effects of male supremacy turns into blind worship of the Victorian vision of woman as "the angel in the house." My argument is not with the traditional view of woman per se; but that in George Eliot's work it is in direct opposition to a stronger and more aesthetically satisfying radical interpretation. The presence of stereotyped images of women in otherwise brilliant novels reduces complexity to artifice, realism to idealism and hard-edged irony to facile sentiment. In The Mill Maggie Tulliver is clearly struggling for some personal identity other than the strictly "feminine" one her brother Tom insists on. However, by the end of the novel Maggie has apparently found fulfilment in passive submission to Tom's male superiority. Similarly In Middlemarch Dorothea's quest for some greater meaning in her life than the cloistered position of a gentlewoman usually allows for is answered first with an idealized marriage to Will Ladislaw, and second with Vague references to her goddess-like perfection. One of Eliot's greatest achievements as a novelist is her determination to take the bitch seriously. With both Rosamond Vincy and Gwendolen Harleth she probes the usual stereotype of the evil woman to show that these two are as much victims of a repressive patriarchal society as are the more attractive characters such as Dorothea and Maggie. But she does not carry through her sympathetic understanding of the bitch character. Rosamond is finally declared to be the unregenerate evil woman who "flourishes wonderfully on a murdered man's brains." Gwendolen does change but as is implied by the comparison to Mirah Lapidoth, it is only to be removed from one role, the bitch and placed immediately in another, the good woman. This pattern is repeated in Felix Holt the Radical by measuring Mrs. Transome against Esther Lyon. The ambiguous treatment of the female personality does not arise in George Eliot's other novels because none of the women characters is ever lifted far enough above stereotype for there to be any question of a departure from realism. However Adam Bede, Silas Marner and Romola are briefly discussed with Felix Holt in Chapter IV. Although this thesis dwells largely on certain aesthetic weaknesses in the fictional writing of George Eliot, I am not suggesting that her reversion to traditional images of the feminine character destroys the novels. On the contrary recognizing and exploring these obvious areas of failure dramatically points up the brilliance of the initial feminist perspective (i.e. the recognition that much of what is called the female character is in fact a response to patriarchal values) which George Eliot takes in introducing her women characters. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

The intricate use of language is one of the most striking features of Andrej Belyj's work, noticed by native Russian speakers and foreign students alike. Any foreign student, not too sure of the structural potential of the language and attempting a careful reading of Belyj’s work, is faced with a prohibitive task. The present study was conceived of as a linguistic commentary to the text. Initially, the intention was to study Belyj's neologisms throughout his novels. However, upon close analysis, it became evident that the neologisms were, in fact, an organic outgrowth of his use of language generally. The task of analysing this use of language throughout his work exceeded the scope of a thesis and, therefore, the subject had to be limited in some way. It was decided that an exhaustive analysis of the use of language in St. Petersburg would present the most significant results. However, when all citations were collected, it became obvious that detailed comment on all of them would produce too ponderous a volume and an arbitrary selection was made. Despite the fact that their role in language structure is superficial, many interesting archaisms and dialectal lexical items were included. At least some examples of all major recurring structural deviations were included in the discussion. Those deviations which contributed to the motif pattern or expanded the themes of the novel were, of course, cited more frequently. Since a precise numerical count of forms and structures can be achieved considerably more efficiently by using a computer, and since it is really the ratio of interrelating forms, rather than the actual number of occurrences that is significant, these ratios are cited here, and the precise counts omitted. / Arts, Faculty of / Central Eastern Northern European Studies, Department of / Graduate

The costume, scenery and lighting designs for this theoretical production of Offenbach's opera The Tales of Hoffman derive from a production concept centering in the year 1880. This concept is the result of an understanding of the opera's music as well as an investigation of Its cultural context. The work consists of designs for thirty-one costumes and five settings technical drawings, lighting plot, and instrument schedule. / Arts, Faculty of / Theatre and Film, Department of / Graduate