This study concerns itself with the phenomenon of literary encyclopaedism, as especially evident in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake, Philippe Sollers' Paradis and Ezra Pound's Cantos. The study focuses on developing the notion of an encyclopaedic literary mode and on establishing the existence of a genre of fictional encyclopaedias. It finds an encyclopaedic mode in literature to be one comprehending and imitating other literary modes, both mimetic and didactic. Further, the idea of a fictional encyclopaedia is developed through an understanding of the traits of the neighbouring forms of essay, Menippean satire and epic, and through an understanding of the paradoxes associated with the making of the non-fictional encyclopaedia. The fictional encyclopaedia thus comprehends and exceeds the following traits: 1. A tension, characteristic of the essay, between integrated autobiography and impersonal (and ultimately fragmented) exposition of the categories of knowledge. 2. A tension, characteristic of the Menippean satire, between tale and digression, between a single narrating subject and a multiplicity of transient narrating voices. The menippea also contributes a simultaneous preoccupation with the most sacred and the most profane subjects. 3. A totalizing drive characteristic of the epic, a desire--rivalling the urge to tell a story--to list or include all aspects of the culture in the epic past. The fictional encyclopaedia also translates into fiction the following paradoxes associated with the encyclopaedic enterprise: 1. The recognition, implicit in the drive to trace a complete and eternally-perfect circle of the arts and sciences, that encyclopaedic knowledge is always ultimately incomplete and obsolete. 2. The recognition, at the heart of the attempt to produce an objective and unmediated picture of the world, that encyclopaedic knowledge is ideologically shaped and textually mediated. The dominance of the encyclopaedic gesture in Finnegans Wake, Paradis and the Cantos allows us to account for the characteristic length, obscurity and "bookishness" of these works; they absorb the traits and tensions of essay, Menippean satire and epic while yet exceeding these traits in their fictional translation of the encyclopaedic paradoxes noted above. This translation manifests itself in each work as a characteristic parodic hesitation before the authority of totalizing predecessors; it manifests itself in the texts' fascination with images of a paradisiacal completion and timelessness, a tendency that is undercut by a repetitive, digressive or fragmented form which asserts the inevitability of time and incompletion. Further, the Wake, Paradis and the Cantos, in their overt and extensive intertextual activity, emphasize the textual boundaries of encyclopaedic knowledge. Nonetheless, in their foregrounding and valorization of speech rhythms, the works also repeat the challenge that the encyclopaedia brings to its own limited nature as written book. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

A presente dissertação analisa o conteúdo dos diários e cartas de Virginia Woolf para avaliar se um algoritmo de classificação de texto poderia identificar um padrão escrito relacionado aos dois meses anteriores ao suicídio de Virginia Woolf. Este é um estudo de classificação de texto. Comparamos 46 entradas de textos dos dois meses anteriores ao suicídio de Virginia Woolf com 54 textos selecionados aleatoriamente do trabalho de Virginia Woolf durante outro período de sua vida. O texto de cartas e dos diários foi incluído, enquanto livros, romances, histórias curtas e fragmentos de artigos foram excluídos. Os dados foram analisados usando um algoritmo de aprendizagem mecânica Naïve-Bayes. O modelo mostrou uma acurácia de 80,45%, sensibilidade de 69% e especificidade de 91%. A estatística Kappa foi de 0,6, o que significa um bom acordo, e o valor P do modelo foi de 0,003. A Área Sob a curva ROC foi 0,80. O presente estudo foi o primeiro a analisar a viabilidade de um modelo de machine learning, juntamente com dados de texto, a fim de identificar padrões escritos associados ao comportamento suicida nos diários e cartas de um romancista. Nossa assinatura de texto foi capaz de identificar o período de dois meses antes do suicídio com uma alta precisão / The present study analyzes the content of Virginia Woolf’s diaries and letters to assess whether a text classification algorithm could identify written pattern related to the two months previous to Virginia Woolf’s suicide. This is a text classification study. We compared 46 texts entries from the two months previous to Virginia Woolf’s suicide with 54 texts randomly selected from Virginia Woolf’s work during other period of her life. Letters and diaries were included, while books, novels, short stories, and article fragments were excluded. The data was analyzed by using a Naïve-Bayes machine-learning algorithm. The model showed a balanced accuracy of 80.45%, sensitivity of 69%, and specificity of 91%. The Kappa statistic was 0.6, which means a good agreement, and the p value of the model was 0.003. The Area Under the ROC curve was 0.80. The present study was the first to analyze the feasibility of a machine learning model coupled with text data in order to identify written patterns associated with suicidal behavior in the diaries and letters of a novelist. Our text signature was able to identify the period of two months preceding suicide with a high accuracy.

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Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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Concerning the Eccentricities of Cardinal Pirelli by Ronald Firbank and Between the Acts by Virginia Woolf both liberate the text from the expected form to engage emotional awareness and instigate reform of societal standards. Employing Mikhail Bakhtin’s theories of the carnivalesque and grotesque realism as a means to create this perspective is unconventional; nevertheless, Firbank, predominantly misunderstood, and Woolf, more regarded but largely misinterpreted, both address sexuality and religion to parody what they believe to be the retrogression of civilization by narrating christenings, pageants, and other forms of carnival. Both novels forefront nonconformity, and the conspicuous influence of debasement is identified as a form of salient renewal. Christopher Ames, Melba-Cuddy Keane, and Alice Fox have already expressed remarkable insight into Woolf; unfortunately not a single scholar has approached Firbank’s text in this manner, and this essay discusses the value of both authors in the aspect of Bakhktin’s theories. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2015. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

This dissertation analyzes how twentieth- and early twenty-first- century novelists respond to the English landscape through their presentation of narrative and their experiments with novelistic form. Opening with a discussion of the English planning movement, "Narrative Topography" reveals how shifting perceptions of the structure of English space affect the content and form of the contemporary novel. The first chapter investigates literary responses to the English landscape between the World Wars, a period characterized by rapid suburban growth. It reveals how Virginia Woolf, in Mrs. Dalloway and Between the Acts, reconsiders which narrative choices might be appropriate for mobilizing and critiquing arguments about the relationship between city, country, and suburb. The following chapters focus on responses to the English landscape during the present era. The second chapter argues that W. G. Sebald, in The Rings of Saturn, constructs rural Norfolk and Suffolk as containing landscapes of horror--spaces riddled with sinkholes that lead his narrator to think about near and distant acts of violence. As Sebald intimates that this forms a porous "landscape" in its own right, he draws attention to the fallibility of representation and the erosion of cultural memory. The third chapter focuses on Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go, a novel in which a cloned human being uses descriptions of landscape to express and, more often, to suppress the physical and emotional pain associated with her position in society. By emphasizing his narrator's proclivity towards euphemism and pastiche, Ishiguro intimates that, in an era of mechanical and genetic reproduction, reliance on perspectives formed in past and imagined futures can be quite deadly. The fourth chapter analyzes Ian McEwan's post 9/11 novel, Saturday--a reworking of Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway. In reading these two novels side-by-side, it reveals how London, its suburbs, and the English countryside might be imagined differently in the contemporary consciousness. Together these chapters investigate why novelistic treatments of the English landscape might interest contemporary readers who live outside England (and/or read these works in translation), especially during an era in which the English landscape has ceased to function as the real or metaphorical center of empire.

A comparação entre as artes é um topois tão antigo em nossa cultura que remonta a aurora da civilização. Uma re-leitura atenta da História da Arte pode verificar que tão comum quanto as comparações eram as tentativas de se sistematizar uma escala hierárquica artística. Pretendemos nesta tese, propor uma revisão histórica que não apenas busque observar a forma como eram realizadas as correspondências interartísticas mas que vise também, com o olhar atento do presente, discutir a atualidade de teorias comumente empregadas ao longo da comparação entre as artes e, mais precisamente, as comparações entre Literatura e Pintura. A reflexão centrada na construção das imagens – no plano da narrativa tanto quanto no plano da pintura – assume singular importância para a pesquisa interartística, na medida em que funciona como ponto de convergência bem como de divergência entre aquelas duas artes. As discussões sobre a construção das imagens levam-nos, também, a uma outra problemática inerente aos estudos interartes, que é a leitura de imagens literárias e pictóricas. Ainda na esteira da revisão histórica, serão discutidas nesta tese as modificações ocorridas pela expressão Ut pictura poesis (Poesia é como pintura) , de Horácio, expressão esta que durante séculos designou os estudos comparativos entre Literatura e Pintura. A observação horaciana sobre a correspondência entre as artes permite-nos erigir uma discussão centrada na questão da representação e na passagem da mimesis à semiosis. O objetivo principal dessa tese é o de estabelecer e analisar a correspondência entre Literatura e Pintura no romance Passeio ao farol, de Virginia Woolf, para isso, procuraremos, inicialmente, demonstrar a importância da participação no Grupo de Bloomsbury – um dos grupos criativos mais importante do modernismo inglês - para a construção do projeto estético da escritora, considerando que o contato com pintores e críticos de arte proporcionou material importante para que Virginia Woolf promovesse a interlocução de seus romances com as Artes Plásticas. A análise mais pontual do romance Passeio ao farol estará calcada na relação que este mantém com as técnicas e métodos do Impressionismo e Pós-impressionismo pictórico. / The comparison of the arts is a topois so ancient in our culture that remounts to the dawn of the civilization. A carefull re-reading of the History of Art may verify that as common than the comparisons were the attempts to systematize an artistic hierarchical scale. We intend in this thesis to propose a historical review that does not only search to observe the form how were realized the interartistic correspondences but that also aims, with the attentive view of the present, to discuss the present of the theories commonly used along the comparison between the arts and, more precisely, the comparisons between Literature and Painting. The reflexion centrered in the constructions of images – in the plan of the narrative and in the plan of the painting – assumes singular importance to the interartistic research because it works as a point of convergence as well as divergence between those two arts. The discussions about the constructions of images take us, also, to another problematic concerning to the interarts studies, that is the reading of literary and pictorical images. Still in the path of the historical review, Will be discussed in this thesis the modifications occured by the expression Ut pictura poesis (Poetry is like painting), of Horacio, expression that centuries designed the comparative studies between Literature and Painting. The horacian observation about the correspondence between the arts allows us to erect a discussion centrered into the questiono f the representation and in the passage from mimesis to semiosis. The main objective of this thesis is to establish and analyze the correspondence between Literature and Painting in the novel To the lighthouse, of Virginia Woolf, for that pourpose, we intend, initialy, to demonstrate the importance of the participation in the Bloomsbury Group – one of the most creative groups of the english modernism – to the construction of the aesthetic Project of Virginia Woolf, considering that the contact with painters and art critics provided important material to Virginia Woolf to promote the interphrase of her novels with the Plastic Arts. The more ponctual analyze of To the lighthouse will be treated on the relation that this novel maintains with the thechniques and methods of the pictorical Impressionism and Posimpressionism.

Since Presocratic Greece, suicide in the West has been “known” and controlled, both politically and discursively. Groups as diverse as theologians and literary critics have propagated many different views of self-killing, but, determining its cause and moralizing about it, they have commonly exerted interpretive power over suicide, making it nameable, explicable, and predominantly reprehensible. The four modernist authors that I consider in this dissertation -- Ernest Hemingway, Joseph Conrad, Virginia Woolf, and William Faulkner -- break completely with the tradition of knowing suicide by insisting on its inscrutability, refusing to judge it, and ultimately rendering it “almost unnamable,” identifiable but indefinable. In For Whom the Bell Tolls, Victory, Mrs. Dalloway, and The Sound and the Fury, respectively, these authors portray illustrative, but by no means definitive, modernist self-killings; they construct a distinctive representational space around suicide, one free of causal, moral, theoretical or thematic meaning and, I argue, imbued with the power to disrupt interpretation. “‘Almost Unnamable’: Suicide in the Modernist Novel” examines the power of self-killing’s representational space in early twentieth-century fiction, arguing for its importance not only to the history of suicide in the West but also to the portrayal of death in the twentieth-century novel. / text

This thesis offers an analysis of selected works by Virginia Woolf through the theoretical framework of technology of place. The term “technology”, meaning both a finished product and an ongoing production process, a mode of concealment and unconcealment in Martin Heidegger's sense, is used as part of this thesis's argument that place can be understood through constant negotiations of concrete place perceived through the senses, a concept based on the Heideggerian notion of “earth”, and abstract place perceived in the imagination, a concept based on the Heideggerian notion of “world”. The term “technology of place”, coined by Irvin C. Schick in The Erotic Margin: Sexuality and Spatiality in Alteritist Discourse (1999), is appropriated and re-interpreted as part of this thesis's adoption and adaptation of Woolf's notion of ideal biographical writing as an amalgamation of “granite” biographical facts and “rainbow” internal life. Woolf's granite and rainbow dichotomy is used as a foreground to this thesis's proposed theoretical framework, through which questions of space/place can be examined. My analysis of Flush (1933) demonstrates that place is a technology which can be taken at face value and, at the same time, appropriated to challenge the ideology of its construction. My analysis of Orlando (1928) demonstrates that Woolf's idea of utopia exemplifies the technological “coming together”, in Heidegger's term, of concrete social reality and abstract artistic fantasy. My analysis of The Years (1937) demonstrates that sense of place as well as sense of identity is ambivalent and constantly changing like the weather, reflecting place's Janus-faced function as both concealment and unconcealment. Lastly, my analysis of Woolf's selected essays and marginalia illustrates that writing can serve as a revolutionary “place-making” technology through which one can mentally “make room” for (re-)imagining the lives of “the obscure”, often placed in oblivion throughout the course of history.