Esta tese apresenta um estudo sobre a espacialização da economia colonial nas minas do Cuiabá e do Mato Grosso, no centro da América do Sul, na primeira metade do século XVIII. No primeiro capítulo procuramos demonstrar como algumas interpretações e imagens recorrentes a respeito da economia colonial reproduzida nos territórios que formariam a capitania de Mato Grosso, impõem-se aos indícios documentais e são reproduzidas sem o questionamento sobre os pressupostos que as sustentam. No segundo capítulo, definimos nosso posicionamento teórico e metodológico em relação aos documentos cartográficos. No terceiro capítulo analisamos mapas classificados como sertanistas. Demonstramos que uma análise dos rústicos mapas do sertanismo revela uma lógica da expansão das conquistas territoriais portuguesas distante das interpretações consagradas sobre estes mapas. No quarto capítulo reconstruímos o processo de formação de ambientes rurais na primeira década de colonização portuguesa nas minas do Cuiabá, revelando a estruturação de uma estrutura fundiária diversificada voltada para o comércio e o mercado interno. No quinto capítulo analisamos a relação entre as práticas administrativas e a espacialização da economia colonial. No sexto capítulo, procuramos relacionar a espacialização da economia no centro da América do Sul às transformações da economia na primeira metade do século XVIII, em diversas escalas. / This thesis present a study about the spatialization of the colonial economy in the mines of Cuiabá and of Mato Grosso, in the center of South America in the first half of the eighteenth century. In the first chapter we demonstrate how some recurring images and interpretations about the economy reproduced in the colonial territories that would form the captaincy of Mato Grosso, are imposed regarding the documental evidences and are reproduced without questioning the assumptions that underpin them. In the second chapter, we defined our theoretical and methodological positioning in relation to cartographic documents. In the third chapter we analyze maps classified as sertanistas. We demonstrate that an analysis of rustic maps of sertanismo reveals a logical of the Portuguese expansion distant of the interpretations consecrated about these maps. In the fourth chapter we reconstruct the process of formation of rural environments in the first decade of colonization in the mines of Cuiabá, revealing the structuring a diversified land structure facing the trade and the internal market. In the fifth chapter we analyze the relationship between and administrative practices and the colonial economy spacialization. In the sixth chapter, we relate the economy spacialization at the center of South America with the transformations of the economy in the first half of the eighteenth century, in various scales.

Orientador: Silvia Hunold Lara / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campoinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T20:03:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alfagali_CrislayneGlossMarao_M.pdf: 5108904 bytes, checksum: bc41bff909465e93aae51f2ef4571065 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A dissertação analisa as condições de vida e de trabalho dos artesãos do ferro que moraram na região de Mariana e Vila Rica, no século XVIII. Por meio da análise de registros das Câmaras dessas duas vilas, de inventários e testamentos, investiga-se o lugar social que esses homens de ofício ocuparam no contexto do Antigo Regime, examinando especialmente as condições materiais de exercício do ofício de ferreiro e de outros correlatos; o processo de ensino-aprendizagem desenvolvido no interior das oficinas; os modos de convivência do trabalho livre e escravo; as heranças (européias e africanas) no conjunto de técnicas, saberes e habilidades empregadas na mineração e transformação do ferro; as diferenças entre artífices livres, negros e libertos; as possibilidades de ascensão econômica pelo trabalho; as solidariedades importantes entre esses artesãos e como eles lidavam com o poder local / Abstract: The main goal of this dissertation is to analyze life and work conditions of iron craftsmen who lived in Vila Rica and at Mariana's region at the eighteenth century. Through the analysis of sources from the Common Council of these two villages, from wills and inventories, we investigate the social place occupied by these artisans in the Old Regime context, examining especially the material conditions to hold the blacksmith occupation and others related to it; the teaching-learning process developed within the workshops; the modes of coexistence of free and slave labor; the inheritance (European and African) in the set of techniques, knowledge and skills that were employed in the iron smelting and smiting; the differences between free artisans, black and freed man; the possibilities of economic ascent through work; the important solidarities that were established between these artisans and how they dealt with the local power / Mestrado / Historia Social / Mestra em História

The purpose of this study is to examine ordinary people’s resistance against the king and queen between the years of 1718 and 1790 in Sweden. This is done by examining court cases of treasonous and defamatory words used against the king and queen. The criticism and resistance towards the king and queen are analysed and compared to see how men and women in powerful positions were perceived differently. This essay also tries to answer how the dominant elite respond to the resistance. To analyse the everyday resistance, James C. Scott’s theories about hidden and public transcript are used. Criticism against the royal family was illegal in 18th century Sweden and was therefore often spoken in private settings. When the criticism or defamation was spoken in public places, it was often the result of drunkenness, outbursts of strong feelings or mental illness. The resistance found in these words can also be publicly displayed when the sender was disguised, either by anonymous texts or using a physical disguise. The king was the main subject of the critique; in 17 of 21 cases the king was criticised and the queen in 6 cases. These numbers includes cases where both were criticised. Criticism against the king often concerned political issues or a person’s discontent about something. In contrast, the queen was subject to slander against her character. The king was also more often represented as an abstract power figure in the analysed cases. This is connected to the king’s formal power, whereas the queen’s power was more informal. Both the king and queen was criticised for their reckless spending, since society’s divisions affected both men and women. Class also affected how the resistance was performed, where people from higher classes gave written criticism and lower classes tended to express their criticism more spontaneously.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka de ideologiska motiven bakom frisläppandet av spannmålshandeln 1775 och 1780. Utgångspunkten är det funktionalistiska synssättet med handlingsaxiom inom det praxeologiska läran som komplement för att undersöka individernas situation. Tillvägagångssättet blir att undersöka böndernas och statens ekonomiska situation och syn på marknaden före och efter tidigare nämnda årtal.    Under tidiga 1700-talet var Sverige ett samhälle med starkt statlig kontroll av marknaden med inrikes tullar, premier och fördelar för vissa personer i samhället. Samtidigt under upplysningstiden träder tänkare som Adam Smith, Anders Chydenius och även fysiokrater fram och hävdar att en fri marknad skulle vara till fördel för både landet och individerna, något som Johan Liljencrantz delvis var influerad av. Resultatet av denna uppsats visar att upplysningstiden och fysiokratism låg bakom frisläppandet av spannmålshandeln då fokus centrerades till bondens positiva ekonomiska utveckling. / The main purpose in this essay is to research the ideological motives behind the extrication of the grain trade in 1775 and 1780. To do this research I have to see the Swedish state and farmers economic situation before 1775 and after 1775, but also what time Liljencrantz lived in and how relevant the time was to the reform. The starting point for this essay is using the functionalism analysis with action axiom of praxeology in mind to see the relationship between the state and the individual.    During the early 18th century, Sweden had a mercantile system where the industry had to be protected with high tariffs and a strong nobility owning them. During the enlightenment thinkers like Adam Smith, Anders Chydenius and to some extent physiocrats sought a society with free market that would have the result of more wealth, to the nation as well as to the citizen. The result of this essay is that Liljencrantz reform were the causes of his time and political view, the time of enlightenment and physiocracy to make the farmer more free and prosperous. It was also the start of the more liberal economy that would dominate the Swedish society in the 1800 hundreds.

Doctorat en sciences psychologiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Progres of Criminal Law in 18th Century in Our Countries Abstract This thesis attempts to show certain aspects of the progress of the criminal law in the 18th century in the Czech Crown Lands. It mainly focuses on substantive criminal law and captures its evolution by comparison of selected instruments of law contained in analyzed criminal codes, which are sorted in chronological order. The thesis is composed of an introductory, three chapters and a conclusions. The introduction briefly defines topic and basic terminology used in this thesis and also mentions existing literature. The chapter one is subdivided into three parts. The first part deals with the state of the sources of criminal law at the begining of 18th century and than mainly focuses on the codification of the municipal law and also on The Renewed Constitution. Next part of the chapter is aimed at the criminal code of Joseph I and at the criminal code of Maria Theresa, which were published in the 18th century. The last part concentrates on two more criminal codes, namely criminal code of Joseph II and also criminal code of Francis II, both being influenced by the philosophy of the age of enlightenment, while the later being published in the 19th century. The second chapter delivers a summary of selected instruments of substantive criminal law....

Cílem této diplomové práce je přispět k výzkumu mešní tvorby pražského skladatele Antonína Reichenauera. První dvě kapitoly zahrnují popis aktuálního stavu bádání, úvahu nad světci v dedikacích Reichenauerových mší a popis tří pražských rukopisů a jejich konkordančních opisů. Součástí úvodních kapitol je též soupis mší Antonína Reichenauera. Třetí kapitola pojednává o typu koncertantní mše a o jejích konkrétních podobách ve významných evropských hudebních centrech (vznik a vývoj druhu v Itálii a jeho podoba ve Vídni, Drážďanech a Praze). Poslední kapitola je stylovou analýzou jednotlivých složek Reichenauerova mešního kompozičního stylu. Vybrané Reichenauerovy mše jsou konfrontovány se skladbami benátských, neapolských, vídeňských a drážďanských autorů, celá analýza je pokusem o vymezení některých individuálních/společných rysů Reichenauerovy tvorby a tvorby jeho současníků působících ve zmíněných centrech. Klíčová slova: Antonín Reichenauer, Praha, rukopis, pramen, mše, 18. století Abstract The goal of this diploma thesis is to contribute to the Antonín Reichenauer's mass compositions research. The first two chapters deal with current state of research, saints in Reichenauer's mass compositions dedications and description of three Prague musical sources and its concordance manuscripts. These...

Vittorio Alfieri (1749-1803) usava nel creare le sue tragedie un piano particolare: dapprima 'ideava', cioè fissava rapidamente la struttura dell'opera; in seguito, 'stendeva', e metteva su carta tutto ciò che gli passava per la mente, in prosa, con impeto e furore; in ultimo, 'verseggiava', ed ogni pensiero veniva cambiato in endecasillabi, ed attentamente limava tutte le imperfezioni: nasceva così la tragedia.

This research tries to establish whether knowledge of music and its related areas – specifically playing an instrument, singing and dancing – had an influence on the social status of a young lady in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in England. Three of Jane Austen’s novels (Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice and Emma) are analysed and the main female characters in each are scrutinised with regard to their differing levels of musical accomplishment. Their individual positions on the social ladder at the end of each novel are evaluated and their change in situation is discussed. The notion that young ladies had to be accomplished in certain specified areas in order to be socially acceptable was an established convention during Jane Austen’s lifetime. So-called “conduct books” and the general expectations of society required that all young ladies who were of a marriageable age and whose fathers could afford to have them “educated” had to be trained in music, singing, drawing, dancing and the modern languages. These patrilineal and superficial demands made on young ladies apparently irked Austen to the point of ignoring them completely when she created the main female characters for her novels: none of them conformed to the prevailing social norm. Nevertheless, each of the novels ends with the main ladies having made a conquest of a gentleman who is in a socially superior position to themselves. These matches are however love and admiration driven and the lady’s accomplishment (or lack thereof) had no influence on the inevitable result. Austen’s novels have been the inspiration for numerous adaptations, and two visual adaptations of each of the chosen three novels are studied. Each of the films or BBC TV series emphasises specific aspects of the novels and accentuates the social sphere that the characters live in. Although there are differences between the different versions (novel, film and BBC TV series), the core of each story stays the same and the results are inevitable. Austen’s supposed feministic views are pointed out in this study. Conflict of opinion exists about whether Austen’s novels are examples of the patriarchal values prevalent at the time or whether they in fact question and contradict such old-fashioned ideologies. Her connection to Mary Wollstonecraft is explored and key concerns emerging from their individual works come to the fore. Ascarelli summarises the converging viewpoints of Austen and Wollstonecraft and remarks that (2004) “women are rational creatures, and […], in order for women to fulfil their potential as human beings, they must learn how to think for themselves”. The latter two concepts and their implications are highlighted in the three Austen novels chosen for the study. There is general consensus that Jane Austen is one of the most famous authors in history and her six novels are her legacy. Although each of the novels is placed in a restricted milieu, the morals and values that are raised in each still resonate worldwide in our day and age. / Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / gm2014 / Music / unrestricted