One of the common themes of derogatory criticism of Howells has been that he practised and advocated a "literary realism" that unrealistically denied or ignored the existence of significant evil in man and his society; that Howells was hopelessly crippled as a would-be "realistic" novelist by his propriety-bound denials, evasions and superficialities, by his demonstrable lack of a meaningful, manifest "sense of evil" in his fiction. The purpose of this thesis is to prove that Howells did in fact have a meaningful "sense of evil" that is manifest in much of his later fiction. Chapter I traces in some detail the origins, development and scope of this line of criticism of Howells, from the guarded reservations of Henry James in 1886 to the flat accusations of the Twentieth Century critics who established Howells' alleged optimism, genteel evasiveness and superficiality as damning clichés of second-hand criticism. It then notes the existence of critical reassessments that question the validity of much of the earlier prevalent criticism of Howells. Drawing on the assertions or implications of some of this recent criticism, it makes four propositions about Howells' treatment of "evil" in his novels which, if true, largely invalidate most of the assertions and premises about Howells' lack of a "sense of evil." It finally proposes four of Howells' later, less-known novels for study as sources of examples of Howells' conception, recognition, and treatment of "evil" as a part of the subject of "realistic" fiction. Chapter II is a study of The Landlord at Lion's Head (1897). The innate attributes, the social responses and the specific acts of the title character, Jeff Durgin, can be seen to demonstrate the validity of the four propositions put forward in Chapter I. Durgin becomes involved in a vengeful exchange of evil for evil that ends in near-murder, a not insignificant manifestation of the power of evil. His less obviously serious misdeeds may be seen to have greater moral significance than critics of Howells' alleged superficiality or evasiveness have usually been willing to grant. Howells subtly underlines and elaborates the representative significance of Durgin as a social type. Fourth, Howells' qualified "naturalism" may be seen in the emphasis placed on malign innate and environmental forces as factors that mitigate, but do not eliminate, Durgin's personal culpability for his misdeeds and his selfish, socially irresponsible "tough-minded realism." Chapter III is a study of The Son of Royal Langbrith (1904). Like Ibsen's Ghosts, it concerns the persisting effects of a long-dead "examplary" man's legacy of concealed evil. Unlike Ghosts, it is a drama of the containment and laying of evil by the passive suffering or the self-sacrificing moral and emotional compromises' of its direct and indirect victims. Chapter IV is a study of a domestic comedy, The Kentons (1902). It provides examples of Howells' inclusion and treatment, even within his later comedies, of serious moral problems involving individual abuse and destructive social attitudes or conventions. Chapter V is a study of The Leatherwood God (1916), a tragicomedy of the self-destroying rise and fall of a backwoods religious mountebank, and of the potentially dangerous strains that his public and private depredations and their effects place on individual morality and civil order within the community of Leatherwood. Like The Son of Royal Langbrith, it represents a Howellsian extreme in the recognition and fictional treatment of "evil," and like the earlier book it gives insights into Howells' "naturalistic" reasons for usually confining his depiction of "evil-doers" to the depiction of characters who are not monsters of self-righteous immorality. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

Orientador: Luzia Margareth Rago / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-13T21:37:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joanilho_AndreLuiz_M.pdf: 3085439 bytes, checksum: 1db7ceccbcd684c3eee647222e047d00 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1990 / Resumo: Não informado. / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Mestre em História

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This thesis focuses on the impact of social class and sex caste influences on upper-class women. Preceding analysis have tended to suggest either that upper-class women are, women, essentially powerless and irrelevant to the broader historical context or that they are, as members of the upper-class, powerful and, on occasion, important historical actors. This research addresses these issues in a more systematic and comprehensive fashion than previous attempts. Specifically, the thesis of this dissertation considers three questions: 1. Do active upper-class women exercise power? 2. Is this exercise of power socio-historically significant? and 3. Through this exercise of power do active upper-class women seek to advance their social class or their sex caste? In order to pursue this inquiry, 'power' must be conceptualized as a broad range of activities through which individuals directly or indirectly exercise their will or serve their own interests. This expanded understanding of power is receptive to woman's experience of social reality. The particular 'strategic' research population selected for this investigation is upper-class women who were active in New York City between 1880 and 1920. The socio-historical milieu in which these women lived was a vortex of powerful social class and sex caste forces -the role of women was in the midst of sweeping reformulations and the class system was embroiled in crucial struggles. Active upper-class women's activities in this context are investigated by means of cumulated biographies. Using standard biographical sources, biographical dossiers (detailing family background, organizational affiliations and so on) are assembled for 412 subjects. This information is then analysed, first, in terms of the general characteristics of the research population (for example, their distinguishing social traits) and, secondly, in terms of their involvement in three key fields -social welfare, ideological domination and the status of women. The results from this analysis suggest, first, that upper-class women did wield power (they held important executive offices, were influential figures or were founders, leaders or benefactors of movements, organizations or institutions). Secondly, their exercise of power was of socio-historical significance (many of the organizations, institutions and movements in which they exercised power played an important role in social and historical events.) Finally, although substantial evidence indicates that many research subjects aided on-going projects of the upper-class, worked with class colleagues and defended the interests of the upper class, sex caste affiliation was also an important consideration. Many of the research population's activities were undertaken through woman-only organizations or were directed specifically to women. In a few significant instances concern with sex caste issues led some active upper-class women into conflict with traditional upper-class values. The research indicates that upper-class women's social activities and historical role cannot be viewed simply as expressions of either class or caste influences. Rather, analyses must recognize an interplay between the two factors. Further, the inquiry suggests that the family (with female as well as male components considered) must 'in a real sense' be conceptualized as the foundation of the upper class. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This thesis examines the role of women in Canadian socialist parties from the 1920's to the post-World War II period, by focusing on women involved in the Communist Party of Canada (CPC) and the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), the primary manifestations of organized socialism during these years. Concentrating on two regions, Ontario and the West, the thesis explores three major themes: the distinct role women played within each Party, the Party's view of the woman question, and the construction of women's committees within each Party. The thesis explains why women were drawn to the socialist movement, assesses the successes and failures of each Party's program for women's equality, and suggests how and when feminist and socialist ideas intersected within the Canadian Left. The written history of the Canadian Left has largely neglected socialists' views of the woman question and women's role in the CPC and CCF. Although 'women were concentrated in less powerful positions, they did play an important, and distinctive, role in the making of Canadian socialism. Moreover, attention to women's social and economic inequality was a concern of Canadian socialists. Between 1920 and 1950, however, women's emancipation was never a priority for socialists. This thesis explains some of the reasons, both internal and external to the movement, for the secondary status of the woman question. Because the CCF and CPC emerged from different ideological traditions, their views of the woman question varied, and this thesis contrasts the two Parties' definition of women's issues and their commitment to women's emancipation. At the same time, there were some similarities between the two Parties, such as their attempts to link women's maternal and domestic roles with their political consciousness. The thesis also suggests ways on which socialists' ideas resembled the earlier ideology of womanhood and reform termed 'maternal feminism' and how their ideas, shaped by a different class perspective and social context, differed from the earlier feminists. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Master of Science

A dissertação divide-se em três secções: 1) Análise dos mercados e das condições históricas para o estabelecimento em Portugal de um ramo metalomecânico. 2) Análise da procura interna de motores e máquinas. 3) Padrões de evolução da construção mecânica portuguesa. Trata-se portanto de um estudo de caso - a evolução de um ramo de capitais industriais portugueses - numa perspectiva comparada com outros mercados europeus.

Orientador : Roberto W. Slenes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-14T01:38:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Naxara_Marcia_M.pdf: 5476208 bytes, checksum: 7adac73f383e924244760ff9e2cb7bb2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1991 / Resumo: Não informado. / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Mestre em História

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