Diss.--Geschichtswissenschaft--Würzburg, 1980. / Bibliogr. p. 813-829. Index.

Texte remanié de: Doct. th. / Glossaire. Bibliogr. p. 260-275. Index.

Texte remanié de: PhD. diss.--McGill university. / Bibliogr. p. 833-857. Index.

Afhandling--Roskilde--Institut for historie og samfundsforhold, 1993. / Bibliogr. p. 251-[260]. Résumé en anglais.

Resumo: No presente estudo, analisa-se a inserção do argumento de injustiça no conceito de direito de Robert Alexy. O objetivo é verificar se as teorizações do autor fornecem respaldos teóricos suficientes para a aplicação desse argumento, em especial, para viabilizar, após a superação de regimes injustos, punições ou reparações relativas à injustiça extrema. Discorre-se sobre o tema, mediante revisão bibliográfica, a partir de três perspectivas: da perspectiva teórica, elencam-se as premissas do pensamento de Alexy que, articuladas, dão base ao conceito de direito não positivista por ele proposto; da perspectiva da aplicação, apresenta-se a análise de Alexy do caso das sentinelas do Muro de Berlim (o autor sustenta que houve acerto na aplicação da fórmula de Radbruch, embora aponte falhas na fundamentação das decisões relativas ao caso); da perspectiva crítica, pontuam-se as principais objeções formuladas por Eugenio Bulygin ao pensamento de Alexy no debate entre os dois autores. O pano de fundo para essas considerações é a relação entre direito e moral e, consequentemente, a controvérsia entre teorias positivistas e não positivistas. Constata-se, ao final, que Alexy não conseguiu responder satisfatoriamente às objeções de Bulygin em relação às conexões entre direito e moral, uma vez que parece confundir conexões classificadoras e qualificadoras. Essa confusão metodológica fragiliza a teoria de Alexy no que se refere à dimensão ideal do direito, premissa imprescindível para justificar a afirmação do autor de que mesmo um conceito de direito não positivista pode admitir em um sistema jurídico normas injustas (que seriam deficientes nesse caso). No entanto, essa fragilidade não parece suficiente para desqualificar a teoria de Alexy no que diz respeito ao argumento de injustiça, pois, transposto o limite da injustiça extrema, as conexões entre direito são sempre classificadoras. Assim, é plausível a afirmação de Gustav Radbruch (que é uma premissa do pensamento de Alexy) de que "direito extremamente injusto não é direito ab initio". A projeção para o futuro revela a importância do tema: a possibilidade de aplicação do argumento de injustiça é uma alerta à humanidade de que a extrema injustiça, mesmo que cometida sob o amparo da lei, não terá como certa a impunidade.

Resumo: Buscou-se com este trabalho estudar o precedente judicial na perspectiva da teoria da argumentação jurídica de Robert Alexy. Este estudo procura investigar o precedente judicial tanto relativamente ao seu papel como limitador da argumentação na decisão judicial, no qual desempenha a função de elemento de justificação externa, quanto em relação ao seu papel oxigenador do ordenamento jurídico, na medida em que a argumentação ocorrida no âmbito do precedente permite que a norma adquira novos significados na medida em que ocorrem mudanças políticas e sociais. Com base no estudo histórico das tradições de common law e civil law, buscou-se determinar a origem do distanciamento teórico entre as tradições que justificaria a mitigação do uso do precedente como elemento do raciocínio judicial nos países de civil law. Em um segundo momento, o estudo do fundamento da autoridade dos precedentes judiciais nos países de common law serviu para demonstrar como se deu a construção da noção de vinculação obrigatória dos juízes ao conteúdo dos precedentes nesses países e porque ele se demonstra insuficiente para a legitimação dos precedentes em um contexto pós positivista. Tais noções lançam base para a abordagem do precedente sob o ponto de vista da racionalidade do direito, exigência que surge com o advento do Estado Constitucional e que se consubstancia em imperativo de justiça, retomado pela inserção de normas de caráter moral, aliada à proposta de inversão do ponto de vista do direito de Hebert Hart para o ponto de vista interno, ou seja, do julgador. Partindo dessa perspectiva, a ideia de Robert Alexy de que ao decidir, o juiz tem uma pretensão de correção, e que essa pretensão deve ser universalizável, o precedente judicial se consubstancia em critério de racionalidade da decisão judicial, sendo que seu respeito caracteriza elemento de coerência para o sistema jurídico. Através desses mecanismos de aferimento da racionalidade, é possível notar que o direito produzido pelos juízes, através dos instrumentos de divergência do precedente, o distinguishing e o overruling, se consubstancia em fator de desenvolvimento do direito como um todo.

Orientador: Sergio Salome Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-14T00:03:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Corsi_FranciscoLuiz_M.pdf: 9457695 bytes, checksum: 0bd03df765ba609572fc291f1d28486a (MD5) Previous issue date: 1991 / Resumo: Não informado / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Mestre em Economia

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World-wide expansion of the Soviet system has always been regarded by the Kremlin as a basic condition on which "true" communism can develop towards its final goal: the Marxist Utopia of a "perfect State". Consequently, the first object of sovietization on the path of communist expansion toward the West was Poland. The purpose of the essay is to trace, step by step, the still-progressiong but not yet accomplished process of the sovietization of Poland. It attempts to show how the Soviet system has come to prevail in a country traditionally hostile to Russia and to the communist ideology. The introductory part deals with the development of Soviet-Polish relationships before and during the Second World War. It shows how, after twenty years of peaceful co-existence, the Soviet system, preceded by military aggression, was forced upon the eastern provinces of Poland, and how these territories were incorporated into the Soviet Union and "purged" of elements regarded as dangerous to the "Soviet way of life". Further, the Introduction describes the short period of Soviet-Polish "co-operation" in the war effort, when, in spite of the fact that the Soviet Union was forced to join the camp of the western democracies, far-sighted plans for the sovietization of the post-war Polish State were maturing in Moscow. This part describes, as well, the birth of the communist Underground in Poland, which united with the Union of Polish "patriots" and came out into the open after the severance of diplomatic relations by Moscow with the Polish Government in London. Part Two, "The Struggle for Power", relates how the Committee of National Liberation, supported by the Russian Army, assumed the role of a government in Poland, and gained the recognition of the Western Powers. It describes the destruction of the Home Army, with the extermination of the democratic Underground. It also shows communist methods in the pre-election campaign, the election of a Diet supporting the Government of National Unity, and the suppression of the legalized opposition. Furthermore, it deals with the liquidation of socialist opposition groups within the Government-sponsored "Bloc", of sham political parties, and with the purge of "Polish Titoism" within the United Workers' Party. Part Three, "The Sovietization of Life and Constitution", is an attempt to sketch roughly the immediate post-war sovietization of the Polish economy and the main trends in Polish industry and agriculture during the two National Plans of 1947 and 1950. It also deals with the sovietization of Courts of Justice, the Army, the schools and universities, and the youth organizations. Finally there is a brief analysis of the Constitution of 1952 in the light of its final goal of "putting into effect the great ideals of socialism", of the Soviet type. An effort has been made throughout to set out the facts as they have happened, without bias or emotion. No conclusions of any kind have been drawn. / Arts, Faculty of / Central Eastern Northern European Studies, Department of / Graduate

The purpose of this study is to discover what the newcomers from the Baltic countries consider to be some of the more important situations to which they have to adjust in becoming settled in Canada, their feelings and attitudes in this regard, and some of the ways in which the adjustment has been made. In this connection "newcomer" refers to displaced persons and refugees who arrived in Canada after World War II. In the course of this investigation various methods and techniques were tried. These included testing, the use of biograms, interviews, systematic field observations and a questionnaire. Sociometric methods, experiments and life histories were considered but not used due principally to the relatively small number of newcomers in the area under study and the need to maintain anonymity in order to establish rapport. These methods and techniques might be useful in studying the social adjustment of newcomers in larger areas having a larger newcomer population. Of the methods tried, interviews, systematic field observations and questionnaire replies proved most useful. No one method in itself was sufficient, but the combination seemed to yield adequate data for the study of the newcomers' problems. Interviews and field observations were carried out concurrently throughout the period of investigation. The questionnaire was used towards the end of the study, after rapport had been established, and was based on the data obtained through the use of interviews and field observations. It was administered to 62 newcomers from the Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The replies were useful in determining the relative significance of problems which had been discovered through the use of the other methods. Some of the tension-situations to which the newcomers had to adjust arose out of difficulties encountered in understanding the Canadian culture and difficulties in connection with interpreting their own culture to Canadians. Since assimilation is a two-way process, the solving of the problem of interpreting their culture to Canadians encouraged the newcomers to endeavor to understand Canadian culture better. Out of 57 newcomers who replied to the question about wanting to interpret their culture to Canadians, 52 replied in the affirmative. However, when asked what opportunities they had, the replies were, "none", or "very little". Due to this study being made, the newcomers came to the attention of the Canadian Folk Society and were invited to take part in the Folk Festival, thus relieving in part the tension in this regard. Participation in the planning and program of the Festival resulted in greater interest, on the part of the newcomers, in Canadian citizenship. The two problems which seemed most formidable, however, were those arising out of the Russian occupation of their homeland, which resulted in the deportation of friends and relatives; and the separation of families due to the preference given to single adults under the Canadian immigration policy and its administration. Before any general conclusions can be drawn, however, concerning the social adjustment of the newcomers, it would be necessary to conduct the study on a much larger scale than that used in the present investigation. Further, it would be necessary to consider the viewpoint of Canadians as well as the newcomers before a final evaluation can be made. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate