Based on the theory of pedagogic discourse developed by Bernstein, this thesis proposes a framework to analyse the relationship between the production of intellectual discourse and the Chinese State. The framework is developed on the basis of the theory of the pedagogic device developed by Bernstein and a comparison of the theoretical approaches adopted by Bernstein, Bourdieu and Foucault. The thesis then identifies three different dominant ideological positions in China between 1949 and 1993. They are, namely, traditional collectivism (before the Cultural Revolution), radical collectivism (during the Cultural Revolution) and regulated individualism (after the Cultural Revolution). The empirical work is a study of the most important education journal, jiaoyu Yanjiu (Educational Research) published by the Central Institute of Educational Research. The journal was created in 1978 by the Institute to support the new education reform initiated as part of the Post Cultural Revolution reform in China. Two major empirical studies are conducted. The first analysis is on the editorials published by the journal. The second analysis is on the papers published by the journal on moral education. Essentially, the paper argues that the reform policy in China introduced by the Chinese Government in 1978 had necessitated a fundamental shift in what constituted the core elements of the dominant ideological positions of the State. This involves certain elements of autonomy introduced to the intellectual field. But the exercise of the newly granted freedom is conditional. This fundamental shift led to a shift in the modality of controlling the intellectual field exercised by the State and has an effect upon the ways in which educational theories are produced and reported in the journal.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Teoria Literária e Literaturas, 2009. / Submitted by Elna Araújo (elna@bce.unb.br) on 2010-05-06T20:24:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_JulianadeJesusAmorimPadua.pdf: 704073 bytes, checksum: 4e1657f4cd17103f10501c2ca92be738 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Daniel Ribeiro(daniel@bce.unb.br) on 2010-05-07T19:05:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_JulianadeJesusAmorimPadua.pdf: 704073 bytes, checksum: 4e1657f4cd17103f10501c2ca92be738 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-05-07T19:05:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_JulianadeJesusAmorimPadua.pdf: 704073 bytes, checksum: 4e1657f4cd17103f10501c2ca92be738 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / A presente dissertação procura analisar os percursos literário e artístico de Diamela Eltit. No palco do relato, os corpos erráticos de representantes da marginalidade latino-americana. Separadas cronologicamente e inseridas em processos políticos distintos, as narrativas se entrecruzam na experiência esmagadora do regime militar no Chile e nas contingências das políticas neoliberais dos países periféricos; ambas, responsáveis pela perda do sentido histórico e pelo desvanecimento da participação popular. A partir dos restos, Eltit constrói uma épica marginal que restitui utopicamente um lugar de centralidade ao discurso dos desvalidos, mesmo em seus silêncios. Nas obras Vaca sagrada e Lumpérica, a subversão dos códigos do poder, dor e gozo se estabelecem como mediadores entre corpo e escrita; entre o sujeito e o outro. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / This dissertations aims to study the artistic and literary path of Chilean writter Diamela Eltit. On the narrative stage, representatives of latin-american marginality. Separated by chronology and inserted in different political régimes, the books intertwine in the crushing experience of the Chilean dictatorship and the contingencies of the neo-liberal policies of the peripheric countries, both responsible for the loss of historical sense and the vanishing of popular political struggle. Starting from the left-overs, Eltit builds up a marginal epic that utopically restitutes a central place to the discourse of the downcast, even in their silences. In Vaca Sagrada and Lumpérica, the subversion of power rules, pain and jouissance, in the Lacanian sense, establish themselves as mediators between body and writing, between the subject and the other.

Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Lengua y Literatura Hispánica mención Lingüística / En el presente trabajo analizaremos, desde una perspectiva historiográfica, las ideologías lingüísticas acerca del léxico de Miguel Luis Amunátegui Reyes. Para esto, nos referiremos, en primer lugar, al contexto social y político nacional donde nuestro autor desarrolla su obra lingüística y, en segundo lugar, a su contexto intelectual, que retrocede hasta las ideas de Andrés Bello. El análisis se realizará en bases a textos, de carácter prescriptivo, de nuestro autor en relación con el tema del léxico. En base a éstos, identificaremos los criterios para expresar valoraciones, tanto positivas como negativas, así como también las conceptualizaciones sobre la lengua. Dichos criterios, a su vez, nos ayudarán a analizar las creencias lingüístico normativas que subyacen en las argumentaciones de nuestro autor. El objetivo general de nuestro estudio, entonces, es entender las ideas lingüísticas, con respecto al léxico, de Amunátegui Reyes, que se posicionan particularmente relevantes, a raíz de la autoridad con la que nuestro autor contará.

This study is an attempt to discover the deeper motives behind Communist China's present policy toward the Afro-Asian nations. From the outset it was assumed that this policy was entirely motivated by ideological considerations. As I progressed with the research, however, I became increasingly aware that ideology was not the only generating power behind Peking's policy, but that there was instead a more profound force at work. This so-called force, or power, or motive, whatever the case may be, has its roots deeply buried in Chinese history and I have chosen to call it China's traditionally legitimate aspirations. Although, in historic China, these aspirations were largely culturally inspired, they have recently been obscured by the tenets of a revolutionary doctrine called Communism. Historically, China has exercised a dominating role in Southeast Asia, for which the main source of inspiration and justification lay in the Confucian system of government. This position of hegemony was challenged in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries by the western powers who had little understanding of China's traditional role. With the founding of the Communist regime, in 1949, however, China once again entered upon a period of strong central authority and was thus in a position to re-assert herself and pursue a policy directed toward a revival of China's traditional aspirations. The structure of this paper consists of five main parts. The first two sections are devoted to an analysis of the ideological framework within which China's policy operates, as well as the actual strategy which has evolved from it. The emphasis here has been placed on what I have termed the "Asianization" of Communism and the pragmatic approach taken by the Chinese Communists on the implementation of their long-term aims. The final three sections are devoted to a discussion of the major instruments which Peking has at its disposal for the penetration of Southeast Asia. Two of these instruments, the overseas Chinese and the Communist parties, are, in my opinion, of singular importance and deserve separate treatment, for both these instruments are bound to play a determining role in the future development of Southeast Asian societies. Although the topic presupposes a discussion of both the Asian and African nations, the emphasis in this study, has been on the former. The African orientation of Communist China's policy is of a very recent nature and consequently there is only scant information available on the subject. However, Africa does form an integral part in Peking's ideology and overall strategy toward the "colonial and semi-colonial,, countries and this aspect has been treated accordingly. With respect to the Asian countries, I have preoccupied myself only with those in which Peking's influence has been and is most notable. For this reason, only passing reference has been made to the Philippines and Japan because, for the moment, these countries appear to be outside the scope of China's sphere of activity. This study is based on such major sources as Mao Tse-tung's theoretical works, and recently published works by Barnett and Brimmell. Much of the basic information derived from these sources, has been supplemented, however, by material from such publications as Survey of the Mainland China Press' and Peking Review. These last two sources were of great value in supplying illustrative material of a wide scope and have been used quite extensively. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate

This thesis reports the results of an attempt to assess the influence of two variables, national power base and degree of external threat, on the cohesion of international alliances. Two specific modern alliances are examined: the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Warsaw Pact. The findings indicate that the expected relationships between power base and alliance cohesion, and between external threat and alliance cohesion, hold true only for certain types of alliance members. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the characterization of the hero in the novels of Benjamín Jarnés. The novels considered are those written and published in Spain before the author's emigration at the time of the Civil War. The method used is direct analysis of the novels combined with reference to Jarnés' writing in other genres, particularly his criticism. The first-part of the thesis introduces Jarnés and his background. The main influences were his classical and theological education, the avant-garde movements of the 1920's, and the ideas of Ortega and Gasset. Jarnés rejected religion, metaphysics, puritanical morality, Romantic abstractions, and sentimentality in favour of humanism, sensual enjoyment, and a desire for lucidity and precision in intellectual activity and art. He was interested in psychoanalysis as a literary device for revealing character, and proposed that fiction should deal with all levels of consciousness. In presenting his characters Jarnés uses both an objective approach, which shows man's appearance and external behaviour, and a subjective approach, which penetrates inside the mind of individual characters. The psychological revelation is usually reserved for the main character of the novel for reasons of authenticity: the hero thus reflects everyone's inability to know others more than superficially. In Chapters III, IV, and V the main characters are studied in relation to three themes: love, intellectual activity, and the insignificance of the individual. Love is treated without sentimental idealization. Relationships are often temporary and nover perfect. The lover has two distinct attitudes to his mistress's body -- sexual and aesthetic; he derives pleasure both from detached, cerebral contemplation and from renunciation of the self in sexual passion. Intellectual activity is of great importance but it should be used in the service of vitality, not as the negation of it. Jarnés deplores pedantry. Introspection is necessary for discovering one's true self and remaining faithful to it, but if it leads to despair the mind must be diverted into more positive channels, or the senses must take over. The intellect becomes sterile unless combined with full use of other human attributes, for example, in a love affair. Reason has limitations, which must be admitted. Jarnés’ heroes are threatened with standardization and loss of individuality as their circumstances urge them to conform to set patterns. They resist by withdrawal into the self, but this is only a partial solution: true vitality requires positive interaction with one's environment. Jarnés uses various techniques for showing people's impotence or insignificance, for example, humour, irony, dehumanization. In Locura y muerte de nadie he takes as main character "someone or other" instead of a defined individual. The last chapter summarizes the characteristics of Jarnés’ heroes. They have in common a desire for freedom, a determination to make their own way independently of established customs and institutions. As well as rejecting tradition they struggle to retain their individuality in contemporary society, which relies more and more on mass culture and automation. They seek to avoid identification with the crowd but are not misanthropic or cynical: they favour intimate contact with other individuals. Although these characters are insignificant in a worldly sense and although, even within their novels, they may enjoy a marginal pre-eminence over their fellows, they do emerge as heroes of a kind, distinguished by their tenacious affirmation of the spiritual values of liberty, generosity, and vitality. / Arts, Faculty of / French, Hispanic, and Italian Studies, Department of / Graduate

The study is an examination of struggles over socialist construction in China between the Tenth National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party in 1973 and the arrests of the so-called "gang of four" in 1976. It analyzes the content of debates, the context in which they occurred and policies implemented during the period. The study is based upon materials collected while living in China, observations during participation in various political movements of the period, and on materials from the Chinese print and broadcast media. The dissertation analyzes struggles over industrial development and organization, science and technology policy, rural development, and the role of the education system in socialist society. Issues debated included worker participation in management, cadre participation in labor, labor remuneration policies, the role of scientists and technicians in the production process, the importation of advanced technology, the relationship between scientific theory and Marxism-Leninism, structural and ideological changes in the modernization of agriculture, access to higher education and the role of intellectuals in socialist society. These debates are analyzed from the perspective of Marxian theory. From this analysis the study concludes that in spite of the formal appearance of a debate, genuine and open discussion of policy alternatives and concrete results did not in fact occur. There were a number of conceptions, widely held in China during the mid-seventies, which it is argued were a central factor in thwarting the emergence of real debate. These include the concept of the role of the Communist Party as the "core of leadership" in all spheres of social life, the notion of the "continuation of class struggle" in socialist society, misinterpretation of the relationship between the forces and relations of production in the process of development, misunderstanding of the means by which the division of labor can be transcended and misunderstanding of the nature of Chinese society. The study challenges these conceptions from the point of view of Marxian theory and traces the role they played in the distortion of the debates and the suppression of alternative viewpoints. / Arts, Faculty of / Sociology, Department of / Graduate

Orientador : Maria de Nazareth Baudel Wanderley / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-18T20:20:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paiva_OdairdaCruz_M.pdf: 3481147 bytes, checksum: 64669a62a16c2b2c169c0a81e086db34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1993 / Resumo: Não informado / Abstract: Not informed / Mestrado / Mestre em Sociologia

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