An historical overview of the ITG commission project is presented, as well an analysis of formal organization and significant features for two of the commissioned works: Sonata for Trumpet and Piano by Norman Dello Joio and Sonata for Trumpet and Piano by Eric Ewazen. Complete histories of all works and information concerning their premieres is chronicled. The degree of difficulty of each composition is assessed through an investigation of tessitura, range, melodic contour, endurance factors, articulation, fingerings, and technical features of the accompaniment (when applicable). Analysis of tempi and dynamics, articulation and phrasing, and timbral considerations provides additional points of study. The thirteen commissioned solo works from 1978 to 1993 are: Sonata for Trumpet and Piano by Norman Dello Joio, Concerto for Trumpet and Wind Orchestra by Bernhard Heiden, Laude by Stan Friedman, Concerto for Trumpet and Strings by Raymond Premru, Chamber Music VII: Ceremonies and Chamber Music VIII by Robert Suderburg, Sonata for Trumpet and Piano by Fisher Tull, Concerto for Trumpet and Orchestra by William Schmidt, Concerto for Trumpet and Wind Ensemble by Jan Bach, Arioso for Trumpet and Woodwind Quintet by Jerzy Sapieyevsky, Invocation of Orpheus by Robert X. Rodriguez, Triptych by David Sampson, and Sonata for Trumpet and Piano by Eric Ewazen. The importance of these works and their impact on the trumpet repertoire is assessed. Possible reasons for the acceptance of some of these works by trumpeters versus the lack of acceptance of the others are proposed. Through interviews with some of the composers, analyses of the compositions and a comparative survey of performance programs by members of the International Trumpet Guild, conclusions regarding the effectiveness of the commissioning project and its future are drawn.

This dissertation is a philological study of transnational revolutionary print culture in French and Arabic during Algeria’s War for Independence (1954-1962) and its first post-independence regime (1962-1965). Investigating the ways in which women have been written into historical narratives, it is also a feminist historiography. During this era of global decolonization, the Front de libération nationale (FLN)—Algeria’s vanguard revolutionary party—integrated itself into a global coalition of revolutionary movements that provided mutual material and ideological support and self-identified as part of the Third World. While female freedom fighters (mujāhidāt) attained widespread fame as global symbols of anticolonialism, their intellectual work as intermediaries in constructing national and transnational anticolonial culture remains understudied. This dissertation analyzes the mujāhidāt’s discursive interventions in the project of liberating women, the nation, and the wider colonized world. In doing so, it challenges the masculinist and institutionalist biases prevalent in international relations, a field that has predominantly considered men as global political leaders and privileged government documents and official diplomatic correspondence as source material. Among the varied writings that I examine, two mouthpieces of the FLN take center stage: El Moudjahid (est. 1956) and Révolution africaine (est. 1963). My study of the mujāhidāt’s participation in the construction of national and transnational anticolonial culture consists not only of close readings of their writings in nationalist publications, but also a more holistic analysis of the worlds that these periodicals sought to project an image of via references to and excerpts of literature, film, theoretical texts, interviews, and testimonies. While each mujāhida’s contribution to national and transnational community-building varied, the central argument of my dissertation is that despite working in a patriarchal political and publishing environment, the mujāhidāt were able to express themselves by maneuvering at the margins. That is, they deployed a diversity of rhetorical tactics that subtly contested the premises of the system in which they operated, thus exercising power from a seeming position of weakness. While articles authored by the mujāhidāt are a major part of my corpus, I also read more holistically for gendered discourses of liberation in the print and visual culture of the 1950s and 60s. To contextualize the gendered expectations under which they had to write, Chapter One opens with an analysis of “Algeria’s personality” as it was articulated in nationalist texts, with the concept of “family honor” being an essential part of this personality. Chapter Two examines in literature and films that were commonly referenced by nationalist periodicals another key component of this personality: “authenticity,” and more specifically its expression as feminine revolution authenticity. Investigating how mujāhidāt writers navigated such expectations of authenticity, Chapter Three demonstrates how they promoted their own repertoire of female revolutionary icons in nationalist periodicals, especially the figure of the uneducated but radicalized mother as a bastion of cultural authenticity. Finally, Chapter Four reflects on disjunctures in nation-building narratives during Algeria’s post-independence regime. Examining the FLN’s world-building project of cultural diplomacy and national edification primarily via its periodical Révolution africaine, it examines the mujāhidāt’s modalities of intervention in the cultural debates at the intersection between women’s emancipation and the global anticolonial struggle.

Una de las premisas de este trabajo es que la , en el poemario, surge de la confrontación de distintas posturas que explican la construcción de la subjetividad del lector en ambas secciones. lectura lúdica, como práctica social letrada, tiene sus raíces en la lectura humanista moderna. Como indica Terry Eagleton, esta define al lector como un sujeto libre, creativo y reflexivo, aunque esta forma de subjetividad se convierte en una cárcel cuando no se tiene en cuenta que es efecto de fuerzas sociales e inconscientes (Eagleton 24). Por lo tanto, las teorías narrativas sobre la lectura oscilan entre la propuesta de un lector activo que controla al texto, y la manipulación del lector por el texto (Culler, Lectores y lectura 66).

M. S.

Cette thèse/œuvre démontre, dans la partie thèse, comment l’art pictural a joué un rôle clé dans la formation et l’évolution du concept de paysage en Occident de la Renaissance au XXe siècle et comment ce genre pictural a contribué à ancrer notre intérêt pour les paysages pittoresques matériels et leur représentation. L e déroulement de l’histoire du mot « paysage » qui est apparu simultanément dans différentes langues à la Renaissance est d’abord passé en revue. Les différentes théories sur le concept de paysage sont ensuite présentées. Puis les concepts de nature et d’environnement sont développés dans leur rapport avec le paysage. La dernière partie traite du corpus présenté en accompagnement de la thèse, dans le contexte où les arts visuels peuvent à nouveau jouer un rôle à l’époque actuelle pour réévaluer et éventuellement nous aider collectivement à réinventer notre rapport à la nature, au paysage et à l’environnement. / This thesis in research/creation will develop in the research portion, how painting has played a major role in the evolution and formation of the concept of landscape in Western civilization, from the Renaissance to the 20th century. It will explain how landscape painting has contributed to our present fascination in the ‘picturesque’ landscape, and its representation. The evolution and transformation of the word ‘landscape’, which emerged simultaneously in several European languages during the Renaissance will be summarized. The various theories on the concept of landscape will be presented, and the concepts of ‘nature’ and ‘environment’ will be developed in relation to the landscape. The last part is dedicated to the body of work linked to this thesis. It expresses how the visual arts may now, as during the Renaissance and several centuries after, play a role in the reevaluation and re-creation of our relationship to nature, landscape and the environment.

Les années 1948-55 sont décisives pour le regain de la souveraineté ouest-allemande et l’intégration de la République fédérale à l’Ouest. Au cours de cette période, on observe la transformation des trois zones placées sous l’autorité suprême des alliés occidentaux en un Etat (quasi) souverain, membre de l’OTAN. Wilhelm Grewe, professeur de droit international, s’engage dès la première heure en faveur d’une base juridique pour les relations avec les Alliés sous forme d’un statut d’occupation (en rédigeant notamment Ein Besatzungsstatut für Deutschland en 1948).En 1951, Konrad Adenauer lui confie la direction de la délégation chargée de négocier le Traité Général sur l’Allemagne (« Deutschlandvertrag »). Wilhelm Grewe use d’astuces juridiques et de pragmatisme politique afin de réaliser les objectifs du chancelier. Les discussions portent essentiellement sur les questions de la souveraineté allemande, de l’autorité suprême, des droits réservés des Alliés, ainsi que sur une garantie de sécurité pour la République fédérale. Le traité, intrinsèquement lié à celui de la CED, est signé en mai 1952.La ratification des deux traités mène à des débats houleux au « Bundestag », notamment sur les questions de la nation allemande et du réarmement. Wilhelm Grewe est alors chargé de la défense juridique des traités devant le parlement et la Cour constitutionnelle. Il joue de nouveau un rôle important lors de la renégociation du Traité Général à la suite de l’échec de la CED. En mai 1955, un « Deutschlandvertrag » remodelé entre en vigueur, le statut d’occupation est aboli, et la République Fédérale rejoint les rangs de l’OTAN et de l’UEO. / The period from 1948 to 1955 was crucial for West Germany's attempts to regain her sovereignty and to achieve her integration into the West. During that time the three zones placed under the Supreme Authority of the Western Allies gradually progressed to becoming a (quasi) sovereign state and a full member of NATO.Wilhelm Grewe, a German professor of international law, was one of those who at a very early stage pleaded for a Statute of Occupation (in 1948, he published Ein Besatzungsstatut für Deutschland) in order to create a legal framework for the relations between the Allies and Germany.In 1951 Konrad Adenauer appointed him Head of delegation for the negotiation of the General Treaty on Germany (“Deutschlandvertrag”). With his legal expertise and his political pragmatism Wilhelm Grewe tried to fulfill the Chancellor’s objectives. The negotiations focused on German sovereignty, supreme authority, the reserved rights of the Allies and a security guarantee for the Federal Republic. This treaty, which was coupled with the EDC, was signed in May 1952.The ratification of both treaties gave rise to stormy debates in the “Bundestag”, concentrating especially on the questions of German reunification and rearmament. Grewe was then entrusted with the legal defence of the treaties vis-à-vis Parliament and the Constitutional Court.He was again called to play an important role when the General Treaty had to be renegotiated after the EDC had failed. In May 1955 a revised “Deutschlandvertrag” entered into force, the Statute of Occupation was abolished and the Federal Republic of Germany became a member of NATO and of the WEU.

L’intertextualité filmique de l’oeuvre des frères Coen permet un recyclage des formules génériques et stylistiques qui font partie des traditions du cinéma. Les frères Coen empruntent des techniques et des thèmes tant au cinéma de l’époque des studios qu’à des écrivains du XXe siècle comme Raymond Chandler ou James Joyce. Une étude narratologique des procédes des frères Coen apportera une appréciation de leursinnovations dans la mise en scène. Leurs réécritures des schémas du passé donnent à ces films des ancrages dans la contemporanéité. Cette esthétique de réécriture sera analysée dans le contexte de l’histoire des idées et dans le contexte de la civilisation américaine contemporaine. Une mise en rapport avec des metteurs en scène de l’histoire du cinéma, comme Fritz Lang et Alfred Hitchcock, permettra d’évaluer les effets de leurs films sur le spectateur. / Film intertextuality in the Coen brothers’ films allows generic formulas and styles to be reformulated, in a reworking of cinema traditions. The Coen brothers borrow techniques and themes from the era of the Hollywood studio system as well as those of writers of the twentieth century like Raymond Chandler or James Joyce. A study of thenarratology of the Coen brothers’ oeuvre allows readers to appreciate their innovations in film direction. Their rewriting of schemas of the past is analyzed in the context of the history of ideas and of contemporary American civilization. In comparing their work to that of other directors in the history of cinema, such as Fritz Lang and Alfred Hitchcock,the effects of intertextuality on the spectator will be evaluated.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Chinese

Parmi les réponses apportées à la crise du langage définie par Mallarmé, quelle importance peut être accordée à celle des poètes fantaisistes du début du XXe siècle ? Cette thèse propose de réinterroger à nouveaux frais les apports esthétiques d’un groupe pour le moins hétérogène dans le concert des avant-gardes. Il s’agit dans un premier temps de retracer les étapes de la constitution d’une entité collective à l’existence fugace, car la trajectoire du groupe fantaisiste l’apparente à une comète engloutie par le cataclysme de la Grande Guerre. L’approche sociologique, étayée par des archives encore peu exploitées, nous renseigne à la fois sur les prolégomènes d’une expérience commune et les ramifications du souvenir nostalgique longtemps après que le groupe aura cessé d’exister sous sa forme première. Il convient ensuite d’examiner le contenu notionnel de la fantaisie en tant qu’élément fondateur d’une poétique polymorphe qui joint à un respect de la tradition poétique française le refus du dogmatisme et de la théorie. On constate que la fantaisie fonctionne comme un espace vacant qui accueille les spéculations de la critique s’efforçant de pallier le défaut de définition assumé par le groupe, dont la production reste marquée par une indécision entre mélancolie élégiaque et dissonance humoristique. Les poètes fantaisistes proposent-ils une solution à la menace d’obsolescence qui pèse sur la notion de fantaisie ou ne représentent-ils que l’écho d’un phénomène transséculaire dont le dernier avatar se dilue dans le goût du pastiche et de la forgerie ? / Among the answers given to the language crisis triggered by Mallarmé, what consideration can we show to the one promoted by the fantaisist poets of early 20th century? This thesis proposes a new reflection on the aesthetical input from a group nothing short of heterogeneous in its composition amid the emergence of literary avant-gardes. First of all, we will recount the steps of the constitution of a short-lived collective entity, as the group’s trajectory is much alike a comet lost in the cataclysm of the Great War. A sociological approach based on seldom browsed archives informs us both about the prolegomena of a collective experience and the ramifications of nostalgic memories long after the group had ceased to exist in its primitive form. We shall then examine the notional content of fantaisie as the primary element of polymorphous poetics which combine respect for the French literary tradition with the rejection of any dogmatism or theory. We observe that fantaisie works as a vacant slate set to welcome speculations from critics who try and compensate the lack of definition claimed by the group, whose production is branded by the hesitation between elegiac melancholy and humoristic dissonance. Do fantaisist poets offer propose a rebuttal to the threat of obsolescence surrounding the very notion of fantaisie or are they only the echo of a centuries-old phenomenon whose last incarnation melts with the appetence for pastiche and forgery?

Entre 1954 et 1962, la guerre d’indépendance ou d’Algérie, selon que l’on se place du côté de la victoire ou de la défaite, marque durablement plusieurs générations d’artistes internationaux, tout en traversant et bousculant des questionnements esthétiques quant à la représentation de l’innommable. Cette thèse, qui récolte les traces de cette déchirure franco-algérienne au travers du prisme de l’art, révèle l’importance d’un sujet historique, ignoré par l’histoire de l’art, dont les répercussions sur la politique contemporaine de la France sont encore perceptibles. Terreau d’une génération d’artistes en devenir, qui confortera son engagement social et artistique dans les évènements de Mai 68, mais aussi d’artistes de l’hybridité postcoloniale, qui revendiquent une modernité non hiérarchisée et l’écriture d’une histoire du non dit, la guerre d’Algérie revêt des enjeux fondamentaux dans la construction contemporaine de la scène artistique française et algérienne. Or, alors que la prescription historique d’une cinquantaine d’années est maintenant révolue, il semble que les conflits mémoriaux inhérents à cette défaite française continuent à entraver l’écriture et l’exposition sereines d’une séquence historique, qui apparaît pourtant matricielle dans la construction de la France contemporaine. Aussi, cette étude se propose de porter un regard critique sur la place des représentations de cette « non-histoire » dans les institutions muséales françaises et tente alors de mesurer l’impact d’une histoire encore non consensuelle dans la création artistique actuelle, aujourd’hui percutée par des enjeux de mémoire et politique, et qui de fait interroge la notion même d’identité(s). / From 1954 to 1962, the Independence War or Algerian War — depending on whether the story is narrated from the perspective of the victors or the defeated — touched many generations of international artist, while also penetrating and pushing aesthetic questions about representations of the unspeakable. By tracing the scar of this break between France and Algeria through the prism of art, this thesis reveals the importance of a crucial historical moment, hitherto unexamined by art history, which continues to bear upon contemporary politics in France. Offering exploratory themes not only to a generation of budding artists who affirmed their social and artistic commitments during the events of Mai 68, but also to artists from postcolonial world who proclaimed a modernity without hierarchy and the writing of unsaid histories, the Algerian War produced some of the fundamental issues underpinning the contemporary French and Algerian art worlds. With the historic prescription of a fifty years’ deferral now being over, the conflicted memories of the French defeat continue to trouble the undisturbed writing and exhibition of this sequence of historical events, formative key to construction of contemporary France. Consequently, this study proposes a critical examination of the representation of this “non history” in the French museum. In so doing, it estimates the impact of a “non-consensual” history on contemporary artistic practice touched by issues of memory and politics, and which interrogate notions of identity(ies).