M.S.

M.S.

This study is designed to meet the following interrelated objectives: (1) To determine the socioeconomic characteristics of vacation home owners, (2) to determine the characteristics of vacation properties, (3) to ascertain the patterns of use of vacation homes, (4) to establish which governmental services are used by vacation home owners and (5) to measure the net fiscal impact of vacation home development on the local government. The County of Franklin, Virginia was used as a case study area, Information on owner and vacation home characteristics, use of the homes, and use of services was primarily obtained through a questionnaire survey, while information on county revenues and expenditures was obtained from county records. The net fiscal impact was measured as the difference between estimated revenues associated with vacation home owners accruing to the county government and estimated county expenditures incurred in order to provide vacation home owners with governmental services. The number of vacation homes in Franklin County has grown rapidly in recent years, primarily because of the creation of a large man-made lake, part of which lies within the county. Accordingly, sizeable population shifts have been occurring in the county on a seasonal basis which have been affecting the social, economic and ecological structure of the area. Most vacation home owners in Franklin County are middle aged, in white collar occupations, have attained a high level of education and are comparatively wealthy. Vacation homes are recently constructed, relatively large, of contemporary design structures equipped with most modern conveniences and located very near the lakeshore. They are used an average of slightly more than two months per year, mostly during the summer, for relaxation and for water oriented recreational activities. Seasonal residents, due to their intermittent pattern of residency in Franklin County, use only part of the total county services available to permanent residents. Many seasonal residents are dissatisfied with the quality of services they receive. In view of the vulnerability of seasonal homes and the rather high incidence of break-ins inflicted upon them, vacation home owners are particularly concerned with the quality of police protection. Furthermore, they complain, among other things, of inadequate fire protection facilities and of the lack of land and water use planning. Estimated county revenues exceeded estimated county expenditures for services associated with vacation home owners during fiscal year 1972. However, the growing demand by vacation home owners for more and better services will probably result in substantial county expenditures in the future. Total expenditures associated with seasonal residents will probably approach, if not exceed, county revenues generated by seasonal residents. / Ph. D.

The problem of the study was to determine whether the use of simulation board games prior to reading selected short stories would result in oral student responses which were different from the responses made by students who had not played the games before reading the stories. The nature of the responses was investigated; the number of students responding was recorded; student response as a measure of attitude toward reading the story was studied; and the effect on student response of using a conceptually unrelated game was explored. Three eleventh grade classes, taught by the same teacher, were used for the study. The experimental group and the control group did not differ significantly in intelligence, language ability, and income of the head of household. The treatment was conducted on three days, each one week apart. On each treatment day the control group read and discussed the selected story. On the first day of treatment the experimental group followed the same procedure as the control group so that a comparison of the response patterns without simulation games could be made. Thereafter, the experimental group played simulation board games, designed and informally tested by the researcher, to introduce concepts entailed in the selected stories. After playing the games, the students read and discussed the stories. A third group of students played a game conceptually unrelated to the assigned story. All class discussions were tape-recorded by the researcher, who also noted those students who participated in the discussions. The seven categories of student response to literature identified and defined by Squire (1964) were used to determine the nature of the student responses . Student attitudes toward reading the stories were defined as positive, negative, or neutral. The researcher had established with two English teachers a coding reliability of .92. All taped discussions were typewritten and coded. Some differences in the oral response patterns of the experimental and control groups were found . Students who had played the simulation games appeared to have more empathy for characters and their behaviors. The percentage of students participating in the class discussions increased 50 percent when simulation games were used. Longer discussion periods did not vary the total response pattern or increase appreciably the total number of students participating in the discussions. Responses from the group playing the unrelated game were much like the responses in the control group. When games were used, teacher talk decreased; students responded more readily without teacher questioning . Overt student responses were found to be ineffective as a measure of student attitudes toward reading the stories. The results of the study indicated several implications for classroom teaching. In addition, suggestions for further research are presented. / Ed. D.

The primary thrust of this study involved the efforts to analyze differences in classroom routines and to determine the degree of change between the commonly accepted routines of the regular teacher and the substitute replacement. The study was designed to systematically determine the teaching routines of fifteen secondary classroom teachers and the teaching routines of the fifteen substitute teachers which replaced them during a one-day absence. The observed differences in routine were also compared with the perception of students affected under the two sets of conditions. The research design for this study was developed as a descriptive field study. The basic research instruments were derived from the personal and professional experience of the researcher, a review of literature in the areas of evaluation, teacher effectiveness, and studies pertaining to substitute teachers. The instruments were designed or selected to elicit data concerning regular and substitute teaching routines in the following areas: (1) classroom interaction (Flanders Interaction Analysis), (2) classroom climate (Withall Climate Index), (3) teaching process (Standards of Quality for Virginia Public Schools, 1974), (4) teaching product (researcher), (5) student perception (researcher). The research instruments used in this study were scored by trained observers (Process, Product, Interaction, Climate) and students (Perception) during observational visits to fifteen secondary school classroom environments with a nonrandom fixed rule for selection. No generalizations of the findings were made; therefore, the study has the limitation that its findings are useful only as description and beginning insights to future hypothesis development. The first of two major statistical analyses employed in the study consisted of a BMD02R stepwise regression analysis performed to compare the data collected by observers regarding classroom routine with the student perceptions of substitute teachers. The second analysis performed was a BMD07M stepwise discriminant analysis for the purpose of determining the exact amount and kind of differences between the regular teacher's routine and that of the substitute teacher counterpart. The results of the study suggested that, according to students, substitute teachers accomplished only about one-half of what the regular teacher accomplished. Students also reported that their substitute teacher was not as "good" a teacher as their regular teacher. Further results revealed that there was a marked difference between eleven classroom routines of the fifteen under study when substitute teachers replaced regular teachers. This study represented an effort to systematically assess the differences in classroom routine of regular and substitute teachers, which to date has been neglected. The researcher views the availability of this type of data as essential to the efforts of those teachers and administrators involved in trying to improve the effectiveness of the substitute teaching service. / Ed. D.

Two major rationales for the acceptance of the social responsibility doctrine by corporations have been examined. Any notion of increased altruism on the part of investors was found to be lacking in empirical validation. Furthermore, it was shown that even if individuals did becomes more altruistic, the free rider problem of large number settings would inhibit most private efforts to provide public goods. Managerial support for the concept of social responsibility was analyzed, and it was found to be very consistent with expectations based on the traditional self-interest assumption of economics. It was pointed out, however, that even with strong incentives for managers to support the pursuance of social goals with corporate resources, their discretion to do so would be much more limited than is commonly thought. Thus, there appeared to be little reason to expect substantial corporate social endeavors on the basis of this rationale. Social responsibility is good business was the central theme of the enlightened self-interest rationale. The Wallich-McGowan model has been frequently employed to "show" that the more diverse stock ownership of modern corporations would result in an increase in socially responsible behavior by most if not all publicly held corporations. Self-interest on the part of owners with diverse portfolios would insure that corporations were encouraged to invest in activities which would yield benefits for the corporate sector as a whole, even if such investments did not yield sufficient private returns to any one company. It was demonstrated that only under the most restrictive assumptions does the Wallich-McGowan model yield such predictions. Again, the problems common to private provision of public goods have been overlooked by the subscribers to this rationale. Thus, this analysis answers the critical question: why, if being socially responsible is good business, do corporations have to be encouraged to engage in such activities? Next, consideration of the political ramifications of the social responsibility doctrine again suggested perverse results. The prediction of increased, rather than decreased, government regulation of private enterprise was implied by this analysis. Furthermore, the difficulties of associating improvements in the "public good" with the unconstrained efforts of private men were discussed in some detail. The general conclusions of this study, then, are twofold: (1) the efforts called for by those who advocate increased corporate social responsibility will not voluntarily be forthcoming, and (2) even if such efforts could be expected, there is little reason to suspect that the welfare of society, in any meaningful sense, would be improved. Hopefully, this analysis has demonstrated the difficulty, if not the futility, in proposing reforms that are in the "public interest" or that will improve the "quality of life" for society. / Ph. D.

The acquisition of sex roles has been traditionally explained by the socialization process. However, the research has focused upon only one of the societal agents of socialization -- the family. Specifically, family background variables and background-related variables have been shown to be related to sex role definitions. Nevertheless, in view of the literature suggesting long term effects of certain educational variables upon sex role definitions (i.e. counseling) as well as the research concerning the impact of college on students, it is suggested that the institution of education be further examined. In the present study the relationship between the sex role definitions of female undergraduate students and selected educational experiences (length of college attendance, academic major and scholastic achievement) is examined. The findings indicated that educational experiences (length of college attendance and academic major) accounted for only a modest portion of the total variance explained. Background-related variables (ideal age for marriage and dating status), however, contributed the most. Contrary to previous research, family background variables were not found to be significantly related to sex role definitions. From the patterning of the four variables (ideal age for marriage, dating status, length of coilege attendance, and academic major) it was suggested that the peer group membership, as an indicator of the social environment of college, is meaningful to the sex role definitions held by this sample of undergraduate college women. / M.S.

Both analog and digital computation have certain comparative advantages and disadvantages. A hybrid computer system provides an interface between analog and digital computing elements. With the use of a hybrid computer, the programmer can utilize the best features of both analog and digital computation. A hybrid interface was constructed to couple the GE-4020 digital computer and the EAI-580 analog computer. The interface provides a method for controlling and sensing the analog computer operating mode from the digital computer. It also enables the digital computer to control the coefficient settings of servo-controlled potentiometers. The overload status of the analog amplifiers can be detected from the digital computer. The outputs and derivatives of amplifiers can be converted from analog to digital and brought into the digital program. A logic signal communication path is provided between a digital logic patch panel and the digital computer. In addition, a number of supplemental data paths are provided to expand the flexibility of the hybrid system. An analog output section is available which can provide a set of analog output values to analog patch trunks under digital computer control. An analog input section is available which can sample a set of analog patch trunk signals and convert them to digital for use by the digital program. A set of high-speed digitally-controlled electronic attenuators is provided. A number of interrupts are available to allow the analog program to interrupt the digital program. Thus, the hybrid interface provides a complete two-way control and data path between the analog and digital computers, Documentation is provided at both the language level and the machine hardware level. Emphasis is placed on a description of the user-system interface. The digital control commands and analog system characteristics are described in detail. Information is provided which will aid in further hardware development. / M.S.

ISPAS (Interactive Site Planning and Analysis System) is a computer-aided procedure developed for the purpose of aiding the small scale site planner in performing site analyses and plan evaluations. An interactive approach allows the system to be easily adapted to the site planning process. The system utilizes both previously developed software, including the Harvard base programs of GRID, ATTRACTIVENESS, IMPACT, and VIEWS, and newly developed software. The ISPAS system provides a decision-aiding device which allows the small scale site planner to perform more in-depth site analyses and to develop more sophisticated site designs. It also enables him to perform these functions in much less time and at a greatly reduced cost over other procedures now being implemented in the site planning process. The five phases implemented as part of the ISPAS system include: 1) Data Acquisition and Coding, 2) Site Selection, 3) Site Analysis, 4) Site Development, and 5) Plan Evaluation. Under the data acquisition and coding phase, the user collects data from source maps using a digitizer and extrapolates additional data from this source. The data is then converted to a grid format for mapping purposes. In the site selection phase, the user implements the ATTRACTIVENESS program to determine the suitability of various sites for a particular type of development. More in-depth analyses are conducted in the site analysis phase using the ATTRACTIVENESS and IMPACT programs. The site development phase allows the user to input alternative site designs for evaluation in the final phase. / M. Arch.

Thesis (M.A.)--Youngstown State University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-123). Also available via the World Wide Web in PDF format.