The effect of a periodic source of a NO_x-SO₂ air pollution regime on the growth of forest trees was investigated. Radial increment growth studies were conducted to determine if correlations existed between emission levels of a source (predicted by production levels) and radial increment growth of forest trees. Three stands of loblolly pine, two of white pine, and one of sycamore proximal to the emission source were sampled by obtaining increment cores at d.b.h. (1.37 m from the base of the tree) from 50 trees in the dominant or codominant crown class of each stand. A multiple linear regression analysis utilizing annual radial increment growth as the dependent variable and the independent variables of annual production levels, total annual rainfall, annual seasonal rainfall, and age were used to evaluate all stands. An inverse relationship significant at the 0.001 level was demonstrated between growth and production levels in two loblolly pine stands and one white pine stand. The further analysis of these stands indicated respectively a 45%, 45%, and 10% theoretical reduction in diameter growth which was independent of symptom expression in white pine. Growth and production levels were not significantly correlated in the remaining loblolly pine stand and the sycamore stand; however, a positive relationship was exhibited in the second white pine stand. A field chamber study (utilizing charcoal filtered and nonfiltered air) with seedlings of red oak, sycamore, sweetgum, yellow poplar, white ash, green ash, and Virginia pine indicated significant inhibition of terminal elongation in Virginia pine and red oak in three locations surrounding the emission source. / Master of Science

Pairs of male subjects played an experimental game designed to investigate the antecedent conditions necessary for the development of cooperation. Subjects were assigned to one of four absolute power conditions and then were shifted to a condition of equal power. The results indicate that when individuals have been subjected to conditions of absolute power whereby another individual is determining their outcomes or payoffs, cooperation is facilitated by equity in payoffs. / Master of Science

The deterioration of the water quality in the upper end of the Roanoke River arm of Smith Mountain Lake due to eutrophication has caused much concern. The Smith Mountain impoundment was built in 1965 as a pump storage facility to generate electric power, and the lake serves as a major recreational area for Southwest Virginia. Eight sampling stations were established along the length of the river from an agricultural area in Montgomery County through the urban area of Roanoke-Salem to Niagra Dam which is above Smith Mountain Lake. On twelve different occasions, grab samples were taken from some of these points. The samples were analysed for general chemical parameters and the phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations. The "Algal Assay Procedure Bottle Test" was than run on the samples and on the sample with phosphorus and/or nitrogen spikes to determine potential productivity and what we limiting potential productivity. Results of this investigation showed that the ''Algal Assay Bottle Test" is useful in correlating phosphorus concentration with algal growth rate. However, more work needs to be done to correlate growth rates in the lab with actual growth rates occurring in a natural water system. Phosphorus was found to limit the algal growth rates in the Roanoke River above the Roanoke wastewater treatment plant for Selenastrum capricornutum and Anabaena flos-aquae, the two algal species used in this study. Maximum specific growth rates tended to increase with increasing phosphorus concentration. The concentration of phosphorus was affected more by point sources than non-point sources in this study. / M.S.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate, analyze, and revise or update the Johnson Home Economics Interest Inventory (JHEII) forming a vocational interest inventory for clothing, textiles, and interior design, Using the JHEII, as a base inventory, 20 items were chosen to describe each of the six vocations for the field. In the first phase of this study, the 20 items for each occupation, were reviewed by five professionals presently employed in these occupations. A comparison was made of the returns from professionals and a listing of 15 items representing each of the vocations was compiled into an initial inventory of 90 items, This preliminary inventory was administered to 403 non-senior college students in phase two of this study. Factor analysis of the inventory, using orthogonal and oblique varimax rotation, resulted in an optimal extraction of four factors, rather than the six originally described constructs (occupations). These four factors were named, apparel and fashion business, interior design, scientific textiles, and service to people. In further refinement of the inventory, ten items which loaded significantly on each of the four vocations, were selected to comprise the final instrument. The 40 items of the inventory were administered to a sample of graduating seniors. A multivariate analysis of variance indicated. that the items, describing each of the four vocations, do measure vocational interest in clothing, textiles, and interior design. The graduating seniors did choose those items which described the vocational area that had been their major area of concentration through college. / M. S.

Preliminary work was undertaken to formulate a theory of learning based on principles of Adlerian theory. It was established that such a formulation first requires the further systematization of Adler's general theory. Three theories which are more systematic, but contain concepts similar to some found in Adlerian theory, were compared to Adler's theory. This was done to establish the degree of general theoretical similarity and to locate specific concepts which might be used or modified in the further systematization of Adler's theory, and in the formulation of a theory of learning. The theories chosen for comparison to Adler's were those of Tolman, Lewin,and Irwin. It was found that Adler, Lewin, and Irwin emphasize motivational factors of behavior, and Tolman, cognitive factors. Substantial, but not complete, agreement was found between Adler and Lewin concerning motivation. Though Tolman and Adler disagree on the nature of motivation, with regard to cognitive factors, implications were found within Adler's theory to suggest that Tolman's concepts may be used to represent Adlerian principles, This is especially true with regard to learning. Irwin's theory was found to offer compatible, empirically derived, motivational concepts. It was concluded that Adler's theory, generally and with regard to learning, a) may be represented by many of Lewin's concepts, b) may be further systematized, cognitively, primarily through the use of Tolmanian concepts, and c) may use empirical relationships derived by Irwin to further establish Adler's theory as a scientific theory of behavior. / M. S.

Yeast breads and brownies were prepared with Fish Protein Concentrate from three sources. The FPC's were substituted for 0, 10, and 15 per cent of the flour w:w in each product. The results of a nine member taste panel showed the amount and brand of FPC added affected the properties of the products. An analysis of variance and orthorgonal contrast were used to determine significance of differences in scores for sensory evaluations. The scores for objective measurements were compared using Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The characteristics of all breads made with FPC varied according to the source and/or the concentration. In general, breads made with 10 per cent FPC-2 were judged to have the best eating quality. Color, volume, and moisture of breads were evaluated with objective measures. Breads prepared with FPC-3 had the lightest crumb color. The volume of breads decreased significantly with the increase of FPC and that prepared with FPC-2 tended to be larger. The sensory evaluation of brownies indicated that the inclusion of FPC at any level or from any of the three sources was not detectable. Standing height and the moisture of brownies were varied and no trends were noted. In conclusion, acceptable yeast breads can be made with 10 per cent w:w FPC added and brownies can be made with at least 15 per cent w:w FPC / M.S.

Introduction In this study graduates who entered the master's program in adult education at Federal City College without the undergraduate degree were compared with graduates who entered the program with the undergraduate degree to determine why the students entered the program, what the students brought to the program, how the students performed in the program, and how they were affected by the program. The population was 130 students who graduated between June 1970 and June 1974. Fifty-three were non-degree students and seventy-seven were degree students. The Master of Arts in Adult Education Program was initially a staff development activity for the Adult Education Demonstration Center faculty and staff. The project was sub-contracted to Federal City College and became the first graduate program in adult education in the United States to admit participants who did not have the undergraduate degree. Procedures Selected strategies of grounded theory and field research were used to inductively generate theories about the program and its graduates. Interviews, conversations, personal correspondence, a questionnaire, and the Adult Education Department's application forms and reference letters were used as primary sources. Secondary sources were the college catalog and brochures, the program proposal, departmental evaluation reports and grade rosters. Student documents were perused to collect data on the sex, degree status, ethnic background, age and marital status. After significant similarities emerged concerning the locale of post-secondary education experiences, the nature of undergraduate preparation, the nature of adult education experiences, and student motivation, a questionnaire was structured to further validate data collected. The information that was solicited on the questionnaire included the date and place of high school graduation, past and present employment, reasons for enrollment, prior adult experiences, reactions to program involvements, student and non-student roles, socio-economic/ educational advancements, and organizational affiliations. Fifty-eight students responded to the questionnaire. Thirty were degree students; twenty-eight were non-degree students. Twenty-five were female and thirty-three were male. The graduates' responses were compared initially within the program of study under which they entered during the Spring 1969, Spring 1970 or Winter 1971 quarter. The three groups of non-degree students were furthered compared with the three groups of degree students. Findings The findings were as follows: 1. The non-degree student was older than the degree student; the median ages were thirty-eight for the non-degree student and thirty-two for the degree student. 2. There were no apparent differences between the degree and non-degree students based on sex. 3. A larger percentage of the non-degree students were married. 4. Teaching was the experience most degree students had had working with adults; the majority of the non-degree students had worked with adults as community workers. 5. Both groups of students had equal involvement with adults as program developers and program directors. 6. Military and on-the-job training provided the specialized training and experiences that allowed many non-degree students to qualify for admission to the program. 7. Family responsibilities were obstacles for two-thirds of the graduates. 8. The degree had improved the income and provided professional flexibility for ninety percent of the graduates. 9. Twenty of the fifty-eight respondents had applied and/or had been admitted to doctoral programs. Seven were non-degree graduates and thirteen were degree graduates. Four graduates completed second master's. 10. The non-degree students received slightly better grades in two of the courses. 11. The master's degree fostered upward mobility. 12. The master's degree provided the opportunity for second careers. Theories The study generated the following theories which may be tested in future studies: 1. The master's degree student who has no undergraduate degree but has had experiences teaching, counseling, developing or administering programs or providing support services for adults can successfully complete a degree program. 2. The differences in the non-degree and degree students cannot be related to sex, locale of post-secondary educational experiences, nature of undergraduate training and academic achievement. 3. The agencies of the federal and local governments as well as business and private industry provide non-collegiate learning experiences in specialized fields comparable to the baccalaureate degree. 4. Vocational motivation is a greater incentive for the completion of the degree than social motivation. / ED. D.

The major purpose of the study was to determine and compare the value orientations among Virginia secondary vocational and technical education teachers in each of the following vocational service areas: (1) agriculture, (2) business, (3) distribution, (4) health occupations, (5) home economics, (6) industrial arts, and (7) trades and industries. Value orientations referred to the six basic motives of personality described by Spranger (1928) and were operationally defined as scores on six values--theoretical, economic, political, aesthetic, social, and religious--of the Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Study of Values. Secondary vocational and technical education teachers employed on a full-time basis in Virginia public schools comprised the population. A 12 percent stratified random sampling of the population yielded a sample size of 478 vocational and technical educators stratified as follows: 42 agriculture, 156 business, 42 distributive, 21 health occupations, 69 home economics, 64 industrial arts, and 84 trades and industries. Data were collected through a mail survey technique. A 73 percent return rate was obtained through the responses of 349 teachers. The one-way analysis of variance, the analysis of covariance, and the Scheffe test for multiple comparisons were utilized in order to test the following hypotheses: After making adjustments for the covariates (sex, race, residence background, age, educational status, years of teaching experience, and years of occupational experience), Virginia secondary teachers of agriculture, business, distribution, health occupations, home economics, industrial arts, and trades and industries do not differ in terms of their Hypothesis I: theoretical values Hypothesis II: economic values Hypothesis III: aesthetic values Hypothesis IV: social values Hypothesis V: political values Hypothesis VI: religious values The findings indicated that specialists within vocational and technical education in Virginia public schools are not a homogeneous group in terms of their adjusted economic, aesthetic, and political values. However, these teachers do not differ significantly in terms of their adjusted theoretical, aesthetic, and religious values. Data also suggested that the covariates investigated (sex, race, residential background, age, educational status, years of teaching experience, and years of occupational experience) influenced value orientations. / ED. D.

Liquid chromatographic methods were developed for determining the purity, reactivity, and preparative separation of aromatic diamine isomers used in the synthesis of aromatic polyimides. Approximately 50 diamine isomers were separated on various silica gels using chloroform and/or cyclohexane mobile phases. A linear relationship between pK_b, and log of the capacity factor was discovered for four series of simple aromatic amines. This suggested that the relative basicities of more complex diamine isomers might be established from chromatographic retention data. A chromatographic basicity index for two series of isomers was then proposed and correlated with polymer viscosity measurements. Several parameters which can affect the efficiency of preparative separations of diamine monomers were also evaluated. These parameters included the effect of the column packing technique, flow rate, column diameter and length, adsorbent surface area and particle size, and column capacity. The results of this evaluation indicate that preparative liquid chromatography can be used to prepare highly purified milligram quantities of monomers for polymer synthesis. / Ph. D.

The purpose of these studies was to determine if human growth hormone (hGH) metabolism declines with advancing age. Twenty-two subjects' responses to the hGH provocative tests of exercise, L-DOPA, and insulin, hGH peak concentrations during sleep, and 24-hour integrated concentrations (ICGH) during a control period and following intramuscular administration of 0.168 U hGH/ kg Bw3/4/day were examined. Metabolic responses of 17 of these subjects were examined before and after hGH by measuring urinary excretion of creatinine, calcium, hydroxyproline and nitrogen. Subjects were divided into the following groups: (I) 6 hypopituitary subjects 9 - 29 years old; (II) 4 men 23.,...29 years old; (III) 6 middle-aged men 35 - 51 years ol.d; and (IV) 6 elderly subjects 61 - 69 years old. Metabolic balance studies consisted of a 3 day adjustment period followed by a 5 day control period and a 5 day hGH administration period during which subjects were fed a constant, low hydroxyproline diet. No hypopituitary subject exhibited a hGH concentration above 2 ng/ml at any time except following hGH administration, their mean ICGH increased from less than 2 ng/ ml to 5. 2 ng/ ml. Group II had the greatest mean hGH concentrations - 22 ng/ ml following exercise, 23 ng/ ml post L-DOPA, 30 ng/ ml post insulin, 21 ng/ ml during sleep and 3.5 ng/ ml control period 24-hour ICGH - to all tests except the ICGH, 3. 7 ng/ ml, following hGH administration. ICGH increased from less than 2 ng/ ml for all subjects in groups III and IV to 4.3 ng/ ml for one subject in group III and to a mean of 3. 7 ng/ ml for group IV. Mean hGH concentrations of 4 and 3 ng/ ml following exercise, . '5 and 11 ng/ ml post L-DOPA and 29 and 15 ng/ ml post insulin for groups III and IV respectively were intermediate between groups I and II. HGH concentrations above 5 ng/ ml were observed in only one subject in group III or IV during sleep. Mean daily creatinine, calci1um, hydroxyproline and nitrogen excretion for group I.I and for creatinine and hydroxyproline excretion for groups I and IV were not statistically different during hGH administration from the control period. C4lcium excretion increased significantly from 2.91 to 6.31 mg/ kg BW/ day in group I and from 2.91 to 3.97 mg/ kg BW/ day in group IV following hGH administration. Nitrogen excretion decreased significantly from 137 to 99 ng/ kg BW/ day in group I and from 119 to 96 mg/ kg BW/ day in group IV following hGH administration. These differences suggest a decline in hGH metabolism with age resulting from decreased circulating hGH, decreased response to hGH stimuli, fewer receptor sites at the tissue level for active hormone, or because of decreased hGH dependent-stimulation of somatomedin synthesis. Statistically different rates of calcium and nitrogen excretion during hGH administration associated with a statistical decrease in I I I circulating hGH in the elderly suggests the development of a type of functional hypopituitarism .as a consequence of aging. / Ph. D.