This study examines adult education in Civil War Richmond from January 1861 to April 1865. Drawing on a range of sources (including newspapers, magazines, letters and diaries, reports, school catalogs, and published and unpublished personal narratives), it explores the types and availability of adult education activities and the impact that these activities had on influencing the mind, emotions, and attitudes of the residents. The analysis reveals that for four years, Richmond, the Capital of the Confederacy, endured severe hardships and tragedies of war: overcrowdedness, disease, wounded and sick soldiers, food shortages, high inflationary rates, crime, sanitation deficiencies, and weakened socio-educational institutions. Despite these deplorable conditions, the examination reveals that educative systems of organizations, groups, and individuals offered the opportunity and means for personal development and growth. The study presents and tracks the educational activities of organizations like churches, amusement centers, colleges, evening schools, military, and voluntary groups to determine the type and theme of their activities for educational purposes, such as personal development, leisure, and recreation. The study examines and tracks such activities as higher education, industrial training, religious education, college-preparatory education, military training, informal education, and educational leisure and recreation, such as reading and listening to and singing music. The study concludes that wartime conditions had minimal affect on the type and availability of adult education. Based on the number and types of educational activities and participants engaged in such activities, the study concludes that adult education had influenced and contributed to the lives of the majority of Richmonders, including the thousands of soldiers convalescing in the city's hospitals. Whatever the educative system, the study finds that the people of Richmond, under tremendous stress and despondency improved themselves individually and collectively. Thus, Civil War Richmond's adult education experience is about educative systems that gave people knowledge, comfort, and hope under extreme deprivation and deplorable conditions. / Ph. D.

This historical study examined the educational dimensions of the Citizen's Clearinghouse for Hazardous Wastes from 1981-1995. Its role as an agent of adult education in the grassroots movement for environmental justice was demonstrated by tracing the movement from the toxic waste disaster at Love Canal, New York and focusing on the role of Lois Gibbs as a leader in the movement. The conceptual framework for the study was built upon interdisciplinary work in the fields of adult education, sociology, and educational history. The study examined the mission, belief systems, processes and strategies of learning and information dissemination by the Clearinghouse during three periods: 1981-1986, during which the organization was formed and began to develop a mission and belief system; the 1987-1991 period when CCHW experienced enormous growth and began to exert its power nationally with campaigns such as the McToxics Campaign. It was also during this period that CCHW began the process of working toward a unified grassroots environmental justice movement; and the period from 1992-1995 which marked the beginning of CCHW's second decade of existence and in which CCHW conducted an in-depth organizational assessment. Organizing and technical assistance were found to be the primary vehicles of learning. Publications and site visits were powerful dissemination mechanisms used to assist citizens in their struggles against corporations and government authorities. Secondly, citizens who remained active in the environmental justice movement often took on broader roles such as organizing regional citizen groups. The study found that women composed nearly eighty percent of the leaders in the movement. Reasons for involvement varied, but most women became involved initially out of fear for theirs or a loved one's health. Conclusions drawn indicate that learning occurred through everyday experiences and empowered citizens to take direct action in their communities. Secondly CCHW emerged as a powerful national political force due to its ability to maintain its mission of continuously listening and meeting the needs of its grassroots constituents. / Ph. D.

An experimental investigation into the effects of inlet temperature transients on the stall and stall recovery aerodynamics of a low speed multi-stage axial flow compressor has been presented. Experiments were conducted on a low speed multi-stage axial flow compression system to demonstrate how a compressor dynamically stalls or recovers from a rotating stall operating condition during an inlet temperature transient. The specific effects of the inlet temperature transients on the compressor rotor blade flow physics during the dynamic stall or rotating stall recovery events of the axial flow compression system have been presented. In one experiment, a full recovery from a rotating stall operating condition was successfully accomplished on the low speed multistage axial flow compressor. Explanations for the axial flow compression system dynamic stall and rotating stall recovery processes during inlet temperature transients have been presented. The method utilized for inducing the rotating stall recovery on the compression system has been proposed as a possible new technique for active recovery from rotating stall for single and multi-stage axial flow compression systems. / Ph. D.

A framework for understanding the fundamental physics of flowfields over forebody type shapes at low speed, high angle of attack conditions with special emphasis on sideslip has been established. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been used to study flowfields over experimentally investigated forebodies: the Lament tangent-ogive forebody, the F-5A forebody and the Erickson chine forebody. A modified version of a current advanced code, CFL3D, was used to solve the Euler and thin-layer Navier-Stokes equations. The Navier-Stokes equations used a form of the Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model modified to account for massive crossflow separation. Using the insight provided by the solutions obtained using CFD, together with comparison with limited available data, the aerodynamics of forebodies with positive directional stability has been revealed. An unconventional way of presenting the results is used to illustrate how a positive contribution to directional stability arises. Based on this new understanding, a parametric study was then conducted to determine which shapes promote a positive contribution to directional stability. / Ph. D.

This study assessed the changing mission of the Industrial College of the Armed Forces as it evolved from the institution's founding as the Army Industrial College in 1924 to its 70th anniversary in 1994. The study drew heavily from archival materials in the Special Collections of the National Defense University in Washington, DC. The problem investigated in this research was to analyze how and why the institution's mission changed over time within the context of internal and external forces and events. Based upon the historical method of research, the study identified six periods in the institution's development over seven decades: its origins in the aftermath of World War I from 1918 to 1924; its growth in the interwar years, 1924 to 1940; the institution's temporary closure and subsequent reconstitution as the Industrial College of the Armed Forces during and after World War II, from 1940 to 1947; a formative period during the Cold War from 1947 to 1962; its continuing evolution throughout the Vietnam era from 1962 to 1974; and finally the College's modern development as a joint service educational institution from 1974 to 1994. The study found that the institution has changed dramatically over much of this century, just as the world and the country's national security concerns have changed profoundly in the same period. The mission of the College has evolved from a narrow focus on training military officers in procurement and industrial mobilization to that of a graduate institution dedicated to educating a select group of promising senior military and civilian officials in the political, economic, and resource dimensions of national security. Over time, the focus has shifted from training to education, from military to national issues, from internal and external educational programs to primarily internal ones, and from a predominant interest in domestic issues to an equally strong concern for international matters. The study finds that a variety of internal and external events and forces have impelled these changes. A wide range of influential individuals and stakeholders, bureaucratic power structures, governmental agencies, special review boards, and various political, economic, military, and social considerations have influenced the mission of the College. The study also concludes that several factors have likely contributed to the institution's relatively unusual longevity as a government entity. Its dual identity as an educational institution and a government organization set apart from the mainstream bureaucracy has had a favorable influence. So too has the institution been aided by the unique service it has provided to multiple customer constituencies. In fact, the College's mission has made it unique as an institution of adult education and learning in this country and perhaps the world. / Ph. D.

Ce travail élabore une notion de la séduction développée à partir du Banquet de Platon. L'analyse détaillée des discours, des affects, des interactions de trois protagonistes du dialogue, Pausanias, Alcibiade et Socrate a permis d'établir, dans un premier temps, une description des aspects communs de la séduction groupés comme mouvement de la séduction. Trois éléments de ce mouvement sont ainsi distingués: la parure ou Yagalma, le charme ou la kèlèsis, et la déception ou l'apatè. Dans un temps ultérieur, les aspects spécifiques à chacun des protagonistes sont clarifiés à partir de la représentation emblématique de leurs modes de discours, la rhétorique pour Pausanias, la poétique pour Alcibiade et la dialectique pour Socrate. Une définition générale de la séduction, issue de ces deux temps de l'analyse du dialogue, est proposée: la participation du désir dans l'opération de l'esprit. Certaines implications pour le mouvement de l'Éros et pour le processus de la connaissance, tirées en corollaires, mettent en évidence la double polarité de la séduction.

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Research on storytelling in counseling and psychotherapy with children has typically involved literary and metaphoric techniques that foster client change. There is limited research on the efficacy of telling one's personal life story as a counseling technique, especially in the school setting. The purpose of this study was two-fold: (l) to describe and implement a technique for school counselors to use in individual counseling sessions to foster resilience in children and, more specifically, (2) to explore the effectiveness of telling one's life story and creating a personal life book as a counseling technique to improve two characteristics of resilience -- internal locus of control and perceived coping resources. The research question that guided this study was: To what extent is telling one's life story and creating a life book an effective counseling technique for fostering resilience in children who have experienced loss? A sample of fifty children from two elementary schools (grades 4-6) who had experienced a significant loss were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) the experimental group who received the life book technique, (2) a control group of students who received other individual counseling, or (3) a control group who received no counseling at all. Two constructs of resilience in children were measured: (1) internal/external locus of control (Children's Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Locus of Control Scale) and (2) perceived coping resources (Coping Resources Inventory Scales for Educational Enhancement). Pre-test/Posttest analyses of data following the six-week experimental period were conducted using ANOVA statistical procedures. Quantitative results indicated that, statistically, the life book technique was no more or no less effective in improving internal locus of control or coping resources than either other individual counseling techniques or no counseling at all. However, qualitative evaluation of the technique offered support for the effectiveness of the life book technique as indicated by the life book participants who experienced change in a positive direction on both instruments and the unanimous positive evaluations of the life book participants and participating counselors. Therefore, while the life book technique was not found to be statistically significant in fostering resilience, the positive implications of qualitative analysis warrant further research to explore the life book technique as a school counseling practice to foster positive client change. / Ed. D.

Theoretical tensions between theories of saturation, bonding and leisure were explored from feminist perspectives. Saturation defined by Gergen as a state of relational overload, may cause I of connection between family members. Leisure scholars suggets that bonding occurs during leisure, and a feminist perspective emphasizes that leisure includes conflict and inequality families. Participants were primarily White, and all were upper-middle class married couples with children aged 6 to 12. Individual and family interviews were held with parents and children. Data was analyzed qualitatively according to Strauss and Corbin's (1990) grounded theory procedures. Saturation, as a metaphor, does not capture the dynamic nature of how people grappled with time use. Being saturated reflects being filled up, but the experience described by participants may be closer to feeling drained, and more useful may be a concept that attends to both. Parents demonstrated four kinds of orientations to saturation: resistant, reformed, absorbent, and saturated. The persons who defined their experience as saturated were two men, both breadwinners with homemaker wives. Women took time-stress for granted, and were the main organizers and monitors of family leisure. Technology did not seem to add to time-stress, but TV in most households was restricted to weekends. Parents did not clearly associate bonding with leisure time. Bonding was defined as building connections and trust, showing warmth and caring, and being involved in each other lives. While bonding required attentiveness, leisure was an event where parents were free of responsibility for others. Parents discussed ideal vs. actual employment arrangements. Female homemakers were interested not in leisure, but in finding part-time work. Male breadwinners were wedded to their provider roles. Many adults would make changes in their employment situations, but felt stymied by gendered workplace culture. Children could describe times they felt time pressured, but mostly were content, and asked for parents not to rush them from one activity to the next. Children's leisure preferences were free time and family time, as opposed to organized activities, chores, and TV. / Ph. D.

Scholars in the history and sociology of engineering in the United States have commented critically on the unwillingness of twentieth century engineers to participate actively in politics. Alfred Chandler, for example, has noted the absence of engineers in Progressive Era reform movements, while Edwin T. Layton Jr has criticized engineers in the 1920s for an excessive focus on sterile status seeking. This perceived lack of twentieth century engineering activism is especially puzzling given that nineteenth-century American engineers and engineering societies did not hesitate to lobby openly for clean water, smoke abatement, municipal reform, and numerous other issues. / Ph. D.