A spatial sequence unfolds and is revealed over time. It is perceived through motion, movement channeled through the space with light and form. The layering and overlapping of surface creates a relationship of light and dark between preceding and receding forms. Light gives depth to this space and allows mass to convey light and dark. It is the mass, growing from the inside surface, that shapes the voids and frames the solids of the following space; solids which are transparent and are of void and light. Individual spatial configurations overlap to compose a whole, on experience of form orchestrated by light and light's darkness. / Master of Architecture

This investigation evaluated the effects of exercise on balance and ability to transfer in an elderly population.Eighteen elderly subjects (aged 65-96) were volunteers in this study. Nine of the elderly subjects participated in a six week exercise program, while the other nine were placed into a control group. It was hypothesized that the exercise group would improve balance and gait transfer. The variables of interest were: timed one-leg stance, spontaneous sway, transfer from bed to a chair, and an ABC (Activities-specific Balance Confidence) Scale. The variable of timed one-leg stance (sec), with both eyes open and closed, increased significantly (P(0.05) with the exercise training. The pre and post testing measures for the timed one leg stance found that the X increased from 2.56 to 4.64, the SO was 6.06 and the SE was 1.43. However, the pre and post testing measures for the variables of spontaneous sway (sec), transfer (high, med, low) and the ABC scale showed little or no change This investigation evaluated the effects of exercise on balance and ability to transfer in an elderly population. Eighteen elderly subjects (aged 65-96) were volunteers in this study. Nine of the elderly subjects participated in a six week exercise program, while the other nine were placed into a control group. It was hypothesized that the exercise group would improve balance and gait transfer. The variables of interest were: timed one-leg stance, spontaneous sway, transfer from bed to a chair, and an ABC (Activities-specific Balance Confidence) Scale. The variable of timed one-leg stance (sec), with both eyes open and closed, increased significantly (P(0.05) with the exercise training. The pre and post testing measures for the timed one leg stance found that the X increased from 2.56 to 4.64, the SO was 6.06 and the SE was 1.43. However, the pre and post testing measures for the variables of spontaneous sway (sec), transfer (high, med, low) and the ABC scale showed little or no change This investigation evaluated the effects of exercise on balance and ability to transfer in an elderly population. Eighteen elderly subjects (aged 65-96) were volunteers in this study. Nine of the elderly subjects participated in a six week exercise program, while the other nine were placed into a control group. It was hypothesized that the exercise group would improve balance and gait transfer. The variables of interest were: timed one-leg stance, spontaneous sway, transfer from bed to a chair, and an ABC (Activities-specific Balance Confidence) Scale. The variable of timed one-leg stance (sec), with both eyes open and closed, increased significantly (P(0.05) with the exercise training. The pre and post testing measures for the timed one leg stance found that the X increased from 2.56 to 4.64, the SO was 6.06 and the SE was 1.43. However, the pre and post testing measures for the variables of spontaneous sway (sec), transfer (high, med, low) and the ABC scale showed little or no change (P>0.05) for both the control and exercise groups. / Master of Science

Analysis of three-phase, three-level VSIs is done for high-power high-voltage applications. Complete Space Vector Modulation (SVM) algorithm is developed for a three-phase, three-level converter. Special attention is given to minimization of output ripple and voltage balance of the dc-link input capacitors. Verification of the proposed SVM algorithm is done by computer simulation. Comprehensive small-signal modeling of the three-level converter with a resistive load is developed the first time. Steady-state solutions reveal that the voltage across dc-link input capacitors is constant at the half of the dc-link voltage. / Master of Science

Acts of violence and student misbehavior in our nation’s schools are widely documented. In response, some schools employ video surveillance cameras (VSCs) in their hallways. Student, parent, and teacher perceptions of video surveillance monitoring are essentially unknown. This study examines the effect, if any, of the presence of video surveillance cameras in schools. It specifically considers their effect on the attitudes of students, parents, and teachers toward student behavior, school safety, and feelings of privacy. The scope of this study was limited to the students, parents, and teachers of one middle school and the students of another middle school. The first school utilized video surveillance monitoring in school hallways, the second did not. The population included the 2690 middle school students of School A and School B. The population also included the 89 teachers and over 1350 parents of School A. Thirty percent of the students in each of the two schools were chosen through a random selection of homeroom classes and given consent forms to return signed by their parent. The researcher expected a return rate of 15 percent. Homeroom teachers administered a short questionnaire during the regularly scheduled advisory period. Questionnaires were sent to School A parents who indicated a willingness to participate in this study. All School A teachers, excluding those absent, consented to participation and completed the questionnaire during a scheduled faculty meeting. No anticipated risks or benefits to participants existed in this study. Students and teachers remained anonymous. Parental participation was confidential and identifiable only by a predetermined code. Data analysis consisted of determining the frequencies of each response and percentages of respondents in each category of the five point response categories. Cross tabulations and a chi-square test were conducted on the data. This study permits school officials to examine student, parent, and teacher attitudes toward video surveillance monitoring in middle school hallways. Favorable attitudes may indicate that video cameras effectively curtail student misbehavior and increase safety. / Ed. D.

This study is a synthesis of the research since 1980 pertaining to the relationships between school facilities and student achievement and school facilities and student behavior. A matrix was developed relevant to the research. This matrix was used to identify not only the researchers and the areas in which the research was conducted, but also the areas in which there was no available research. The former is important to the educator and school designer; the latter is essential for future researchers. Fifty-three studies were synthesized that included the independent variables of noise, facility age, color, lighting, maintenance, density, climate conditions, and classroom structure. From the research reviewed, educators and designers should consider the impact of building condition, lighting, and site noise when planning, remodeling, designing, or maintaining schools, as there was conclusive evidence that the effects of these three variables on student achievement and behavior were significant. Although not conclusive, data from the studies indicated that all of the independent variables affected the dependent variables of student achievement and behavior. These findings, along with the findings from syntheses completed in 1979 and 1982, indicate that building condition is directly related to student achievement and behavior. The literature supported that the resultant attitudes and behaviors of students improved when the facility improved or was congruous with the facility needs for the instructional program. A theoretical model was discussed that was developed by Cash (1993) and substantiated in the research of Earthman (1995), Hines (1996), and this synthesis. Using the model and the knowledge base developed by this and previous syntheses enables designers to build facilities with research-based designs and gives impetus to educators to strive to maintain facilities at the highest level possible. Even when the variance of the building environment was minimal, it was a portion of the elements affecting behavior and achievement that could be controlled through the efforts of educators and design professionals. In addition, it is a very visible demonstration or value statement made to the student of the importance that society or the community places on education. / Ed. D.

Un trouble de l'attention se trouverait au cœur des perturbations cognitives des déprimés mais la nature exacte de ce trouble reste méconnue. Cette thèse, qui comporte quatre études, utilise trois niveaux d'analyse (cognitif, clinique, neuropharmacologique) afin de préciser la nature des troubles de l'attention associés aux états dépressifs. Des déprimés non traités réalisent des épreuves attentionnelles informatisées. La distribution de leurs temps de réaction est analysée suivant le modèle Poisson-Erlang. Ces déprimés participent aussi à un test pharmacologique en aigu à l'aide du méthylphénidate. Ces études rassemblent plusieurs arguments en faveur de l'hétérogénéité des perturbations de l'attention des déprimés. Une réduction des ressources attentionnelles est mise en évidence chez un sous-groupe de déprimés caractérisés par un ralentissement psychomoteur net. Chez les autres déprimés, les résultats suggèrent plutôt un trouble de l'inhibition des distracteurs. Une stimulation des systèmes catécholaminergiques par le méthylphénidate atténue le ralentissement psychomoteur des déprimés mais n'améliore pas leur déficit des ressources.

Gran parte de la población migrante a la ciudad de Lima, en especial la de las décadas del '60 y '70, junto a otros factores como la incapacidad del sector formal de la economía de absorber la nueva mano de obra que se ofertaba, las posteriores crisis económicas que se acentuaron en la década de los '80, la violencia política que se generó en esa década, y últimamente la flexibilización de las relaciones laborales y las opciones de independencia laboral han incrementado la importancia de la pequeña y microempresa. / Tesis

This project explores the power dynamics within the Iranian political system, asking what accounts for the rise and fall of a president's power relative to the other dominant formal and informal institutions in Iran. Comparing perspectives that focus on charisma, ideology and political bargaining, I argue that the relative power of the president is contingent on a variety of institutional and behavioural factors which define his ability to bargain within an institutional structure of overlapping spheres of control. Within this study, I challenge the traditional emphasis on process as a point of departure for analyses, and stress the need for a change in orientation to effect or output. Finally, I argue that the extensive factionalism within Iranian politics defines the political system and is integral to the cost-benefit calculations of various actors within the institutional matrix of the state.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:08:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1999-05-07T00:00:00Z / This work analyses the writings on Public Administration in Brazil made by academicians between 1937 and 1997. The content analysis of the articles published by Revista do Serviço Público (Civil Service Review) - 1937 up today - and Revista de Administração Pública (Public Administration Journal) - 1967 up today - reveals that the concept of public changes its meaning from the ‘Public as State Paradigm’ to the emergent ‘Public as Public Interest Paradigm’. / A questão inicial que motivou este trabalho pode ser resumida no seguinte enunciado: o que é ‘Administração Pública’ no Brasil? Detalhando-se, pode ser acrescentado: Como a disciplina se constituiu historicamente? Quais suas características e especificidades? Há aproximações com outros campos? Qual seu objeto de estudo? É possível construir uma periodização? Pode-se falar em referenciais paradigmáticos? Em função de que noções se estruturam estes consensos que se estabelecem na comunidade de estudiosos? Posteriormente, vinculou-se o referencial paradigmático da disciplina de AP no Brasil ao conceito de ‘público’. Esta é a problemática que aprofundou-se neste estudo: a caracterização dos Paradigmas da Administração Pública no Brasil, em função do conceito de público. O trabalho divide-se em duas Partes. Na Parte I reconstitui-se o ‘caminho da pesquisa’, desde os primeiros levantamentos quantitativos e os resultados preliminares obtidos, até a nova problematização e operacionalização da pesquisa, desta vez utilizando uma metodologia qualitativa. Os artigos publicados na Revista do Serviço Público (a partir de 1937) e Revista de Administração Pública (1967) foram analisados tendo em vista estabelecer relações entre os ‘sentidos dos referidos artigos’ e o conceito de público subjacente a eles. Utilizando-se o método de análise de conteúdo passou-se então ao tratamento dos resultados, à inferência e à interpretação. Para tanto, construiu-se um referencial analítico com base nas proposições e construções teóricas selecionadas, apresentado no Quadro L Posteriormente, na Parte II, apresenta-se em detalhe a análise de conteúdo efetuada nos artigos publicados pelas duas Revistas, a partir da década de 30. Aponta-se no sentido da existência de um Paradigma do ‘Público enquanto Estatal’ que vigora no período de 1930 a 1979, mesmo que sofrendo algumas oscilações, especialmente nos anos de 1945, 56 e 67. No entanto, estes pontos de inflexão não foram suficientemente fortes para abalar aquele consenso, o que ocorre somente a partir da década de 80, quando, em função de uma série de crises em diversos âmbitos, aquele entendimento toma-se insustentável. Crises são momentos de fragmentação e instabilidade. O campo se pulveriza, abrindo espaço para a emergência de um novo consenso. Surgem evidências de que existe um Paradigma Emergente: ‘O Público enquanto Interesse Público’. Sustenta-o uma visão de público enquanto espaço institucional complexo, mais amplo que o estatal, norteado por uma noção de valores morais e éticos. As conclusões do trabalho apontam nesta direção.

By using statistical methods and methods of macroeconomic analysis it has been proved that Schumpeter's theory of the creative destruction works not only as a theoretical model but it holds true even in real economics. With these methods it has been proved that during the currency and economic crisis in the 1997 and following the creative destruction was present in Czech economy and that it has changed the economy to be more effective and more productive than it was before which has helped to reach steeper growth rate afterwards. This means that the crisis through the creative destruction in fact has improved a condition of the whole Czech economy. Such an improvement has been also proved by an international comparison with the economy of the Slovak republic where the creative destruction didn't act so much due to an absence of economic crisis.