Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-25T19:29:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Pavanello.pdf: 2830870 bytes, checksum: 6cfe2c059418ba0841f20c1f7b9ba383 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-10 / Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná / Fruit thinning is one of the main practice to produce good quality fruit today. It promotes a balance between vegetative growth and production, increases fruit size and avoids alternation of production. Thinning can be done during flowering, but its often done later after fruit set, which can be defined best fruiting. Manual thinning of large number of plants is not practical or economical. An alternative is chemical thinning, which involves the application of chemicals on flowering or right after flowering and leads to fruit abscission, reducing or eliminating manual thinning. The objectives of this trial was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic) in chemical thinning of plum cvs. Irati, Reubennel during the harvest of 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 and its economic feasibility in Arapoti-PR. East central region of Paraná. The following characteristics were evaluated, number of fruits per branch, per plant, production, medium weight, firmness, soluble solids, pH, acidity and color. In the season 2010/2011, it was observed that increased concentration of ethephon linearly decreased the number of fruit caliber I, II, III, since the gauge IV had a higher number of fruits on the estimated concentration of 0.093 mL L ethephon and necessary to drive studies at lower concentrations, which were made in 2011/2012 harvest. In this harvest, the estimated concentration of 0.07 mL L ethephon, cv. Irati produced 23 kg/plant and the cv. Reubennel 73 kg/plant having satisfactory quantity of fruit size III and IV. The use of ethephon decreased the firmness of the fruits for cv. Irati and did not influenced the cv. Reubennel. None of the concentrations of ethephon affected the physical and chemical quality of fruits in relation to total soluble solids, pH and acidity for both crops and cvs. Economical evaluation of both cvs., showed that productivity and net income of treatment with etehephon gave better results than other treatments. Manual thinning showed a higher percentage gave better results than other treatments. Manual thinning showed a higher percentage of fruit size III and IV but at higher cost, which is difficult to sustain in time, due to high cost and availability of skilled labor force in the region, which indicates that chemical thinning will be a good economical alternative. / O raleio de frutos é uma das práticas mais importantes para se produzir frutos de qualidade. Promove equilíbrio entre o crescimento vegetativo e produtivo, aumento no tamanho dos frutos e evita alternância da produção. O raleio pode ser realizado durante a floração, mas é frequentemente feito mais tarde, após a fixação dos frutos, onde pode se definir melhor a frutificação. O raleio manual de um grande número de plantas não é prático nem econômico. A alternativa é o raleio químico, o qual consiste na aplicação de produtos químicos na floração ou logo após, provocando a abscisão de frutos, diminuindo ou eliminando, a atividade do raleio manual. Nesse contexto, os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de ethephon (ácido 2-cloroetilfosfônico), para o raleio químico das ameixeiras cvs. Irati e Reubennel, nas safras 2010/2011 e 2011/2012 e sua viabilidade econômica, no município de Arapoti – PR, região centro leste do Paraná. As seguintes características foram avaliadas: número de frutos por ramo, por planta, produção, massa médio, firmeza, sólidos solúveis, pH, acidez e coloração. Na safra 2010/2011, concluiu-se que o aumento na concentração de ethephon diminuiu linearmente o número de frutos de calibre I, II e III, já o calibre IV apresentou maior número de frutos na concentração estimada de 0,093 mL Lˉˡ de ethephon, sendo necessário realizar estudos com menores concentrações, as quais foram feitas na safra 2011/2012. Nesta safra, a concentração estimada de 0,07 mL Lˉˡ de ethephon, a cv. Irati produziu 23 kg/planta e a cv. Reubennel 73 kg/planta, apresentando quantidade satisfatória de frutos calibre III e IV. A utilização de ethephon diminui a firmeza dos frutos para cv. Irati e não influenciou a cv. Reubennel. Nenhuma das concentrações de ethephon afetou a qualidade física e química dos frutos, em relação ao teor de sólidos solúveis, pH e acidez, para ambas cvs e safras. Na análise econômica, em ambas cvs., a produtividade e a receita líquida para o tratamento com ethephon, foi superior aos demais. O tratamento com raleio manual apresentou maior porcentagem de frutos calibre III e IV, porém o alto custo, a dificuldade e disponibilidade de mão-de-obra para o raleio manual, fazem com que o raleio químico venha a ser usado cada vez mais.

La composition phénolique du vin rouge détermine fortement sa qualité: couleur, goût, texture et la plupart des bienfaits pour la santé. Les conditions ambiantes de la vigne modulent l'équilibre hormonal endogène et l'expression de gènes qui contrôlent la voie de synthèse des composés flavonoïdes, en déterminant la composition phénolique finale du raisin. Même s'ils ont été étudiés, les effets des applications des régulateurs de croissance végétale sur l'équilibre hormonal endogène et la qualité du raisin, les effets de ces substances sur la composition et la qualité du vin sont pauvrement documentés. Le traitement des raisins destinés à la vinification avec des régulateurs de croissance végétale est un outil potentiel pour modifier la qualité des raisins et du vin rouge. Ce projet de thèse a pour objectif d’étudier l’impact d'applications de régulateur de croissance végétale sur la composition phénolique des raisins de Vitis vinifera L. cépages Cabernet Sauvignon et Carménère. L’acide abscissique, l’acide indole-3-acétique et l'acide 2-chloroethilphosphonique ont été appliqués à divers stades phénologiques du raisin, doses et conditions environnementales: Les essais ont été menés à Maipo et Cachapoal au Chili et à Bordeaux en France, dans des vignobles commerciaux et expérimentaux ainsi que sur des plantes cultivées en pots. Il a été examiné l'effet de ces traitements sur le contenu interne d'hormones, sur l'expression de gènes structuraux et régulateurs de la synthèse de composés flavonoides et sur la qualité des raisins, en particulier la composition phénolique de sa pellicule. De plus, des vinifications ont été réalisées à partir de raisins traités pour déterminer l'effet des traitements sur la composition chimique et phénolique du vin, ainsi que sur des attributs qualitatifs tels que les arômes et la texture des vins, jugés par un panel d'évaluation sensorielle. / Phenolic composition strongly determines red wine quality: color, taste, texture and most health benefits. Vineyard environmental conditions modulate endogenous hormonal balance and gene expression which control the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway leading to final grape phenolic composition. Even when the effects of plant growth regulator applications on grape endogenous hormonal balance and quality have been studied, the effect of these substances on wine composition and quality is poorly documented. The treatment of wine grapes with plant growth regulators is a potential tool in order to modify red wine phenolic composition and quality. This thesis project describes six experiments on plant growth regulator applications on developing grapes of Vitis vinifera L., cvs Cabernet Sauvignon and Carménère. Abscisic acid, Indole-3-acetic acid and 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid were applied in different phenological stages, doses and environmental conditions: Maipo and Cachapoal regions in Chile and Bordeaux region in France, commercial and experimental vineyards and plants in containers. The effect on changes in the internal hormonal content, expression of flavonoid biosynthetic and regulatory genes and grape quality, in particular grape skin phenolic composition were examined. In addition, winemaking was performed in order to assess the effect of treatments on wine chemical and phenolic composition and on wine aroma and texture attributes judged by a sensory panel.