This thesis, which is written in French, examines the problems of translating modem Scottish literature into French. To illustrate them, a case study on The Crow Road by lain Banks will be undertaken. A short introduction first establishes the content of the thesis, its different parts and the strategy that we have adopted to tackle our main problem. This is identified as the cultural "otherness" of Scottish writing, which has been to a greater or lesser degree occulted in French translations of Scottish Literature. Chapter I looks at theoretical aspects of translation from a thematic point of view ranging from a philosophical approach, through a linguistic one to various cultural approaches, with specific reference to Eugene Nida and Lawrence Venuti. Chapter II examines Scotland as a nation and as a country with important linguistic and cultural differences from its southern neighbour. We will see how important this separation is in literature and how some theorists have dealt in particular with the problem of translating the vernacular. Chapter III is devoted to the analysis of the French translations of four Scottish authors, James Kelman, William McIlvanney, Irvine Welsh and lain Banks. It examines passages from the texts but also emphasises the strategies adopted by the translators. Chapters IV and V focus on respectively on lain Banks and The Crow Road in order to provide thorough social and cultural contextualisation before considering ways of translating the novel. Chapter VI considers a number of potential strategies for translating sections of The Crow Road: a 'domesticated' one, a Nabokov style, the use of a French dialect and finally one using Venuti's concepts. The conclusion suggests that translators are free to choose between competing strategies, or even to mix them, but that what is crucial is to have a thorough knowledge of the source culture, and a conscious and apparent strategy, before approaching works as culturally laden as contemporary Scottish novels. The Translator may have to have the courage to offend against existing French translation norms if translation is to be truly trans cui tural.

The purpose of this essay is to understand meeting between hidden refugees and health professionals through interviews with refugee in hiding and health professionals. The implantation of the essay has been made by social science research methods which I have used as a qualitative survey. The material that I have used in this paper is to interview with hidden refugee and health care workers. I have used the different sources such as literature, internet and different laws which relates to the topic of this easy. I am using the power of theories to analyze the work. The work highlights relation between healthcare professionals and hidden refugees. The work is based on a new law that called SFS and that is health care for some foreigners who reside in Sweden without the necessary of permeation which according to the Social Board (2010) gives the hidden and undocumented person entitled to care that cannot be deferred. The result of my investigation was that hidden refugee’s right to emergency cares is not always met in practice although they are legally entitled to it. Another result was that the hidden meeting with health care professionals is not problem in itself but being refused to care is problematic . Controlled documents from health professionals page allows hidden may feel at a disadvantage. In this case crated anxiety and fear among the hidden people seeking care .This means that they seek care at nonprofit organizations instead. Conclusions about my essay is that a more clear legislation should be enacted and that healthcare professionals should be payable after care needs and not by legal status and ability to pay.

La recente rforma del mecato del lavoro (legge n.92/2012) è intervenuta anche in materia di assocazione in partecipazione con apporto di lavoro. La finalità perseguita è stata combattere l'utilizzo abusivo di questa forma contrattuale, spesso usata per celare rapporti di lavoro subordinato puro e semplice. La suddetta riforma è stata in parte corretta dal recente decreto legge n. 76/2013, convertito con legge n. 99/2013, volto ad attenuare alcune rigidità.La tesi dottorale si propone un'analisi dell'istituto dell'associazione in partecipaione in generale, a partire dalla sua genesi e regolamentazione commercialistica, per concentrarsi successivamente sugli aspetti giuslavoristici e previdenziali allorchè l'apporto sia costituito da una pestazione di lavoro, nonchè sulle predette recenti modifiche di legge. / The recent reform of the labour market (law n. 92/2012)has also modified the regulation of the profit sharing agreement with labour supply. The aim was to fight the misuse of this form of contract, which often conceals genuine employment relationships. The above - mentioned reform has been partially corrected by the recent decree law n. 76/2013, converted into law n. 99/2013, in order to attenuate some rigidities. The doctoral dissertation is aimed at analysing the profit sharing agreement as a whole, starting from its origin and commercial regulation. Secondly it focuses on labour law and social security aspects of the schemes that involve the supply of human labour in exchange for the partipation in the profit sharing. Finally it focuses on the recent above - mentioned law reforms.

We present an analysis of new and published data on P/2013 R3, the first asteroid detected while disintegrating. Thirteen discrete components are measured in the interval between UT 2013 October 01 and 2014 February 13. We determine a mean, pair-wise velocity dispersion among these components of Delta nu = 0.33. +/- 0.03 ms(-1) and find that their separation times are staggered over an interval of similar to 5 months. Dust enveloping the system has, in the first observations, a cross-section of. similar to 30 km(2) but fades monotonically at a rate consistent with the action of radiation pressure sweeping. The individual components exhibit comet-like morphologies and also fade except where secondary fragmentation is accompanied by the release of additional dust. We find only upper limits to the radii of any embedded solid nuclei, typically similar to 100-200 m (geometric albedo 0.05 assumed). Combined, the components of P/2013 R3 would form a single spherical body with a. radius of less than or similar to 400 m, which is our best estimate of the size of the precursor object. The observations are consistent with rotational disruption of a weak (cohesive strength of similar to 50 to 100 N m(-2)) parent body, similar to 400 m in radius. Estimated radiation (YORP) spin-up times of this parent are. less than or similar to 1 Myr, shorter than the collisional lifetime. If present, water ice sublimating at as little as 10-3 kg s(-1) could generate a torque on the parent body rivaling the YORP torque. Under conservative assumptions about the frequency of similar disruptions, the inferred asteroid debris production rate is greater than or similar to 10(3) kg s-1, which is at least 4% of the rate needed to maintain the Zodiacal Cloud.

M.A. (Communication) / The two research questions explored in this study are: a) What is the potential effectiveness of Mandela's rhetorical choices in the light of the primary and media audiences and the situation, in the selected speeches and visual material? b) What rhetorical shifts occurred in the speeches delivered between 1990 and 1994? In view of the fact that this study is political in nature and falls within the parameters of political communication, the field of political communication as it relates to rhetoric and public speaking specifically, was discussed. The nucleus of Aristotle's theory of rhetoric was discussed in conjunction with modern theories and research, with the purpose of establishing theoretical grounds for effective political oratory. To explore the two research questions, the neo-Aristotelian model of rhetorical criticism was utilised. By using this model it was possible to measure the effectiveness or potential effectiveness of Nelson Mandela's choice of strategy in the series of speeches and visual material selected. The model also prescribes a methodology whereby the important variables in political oratory are measured, including language, the credibility of the speaker, emotional strategies, logical argumentation, organisation and nonverbal behaviour. For purposes of evaluation the model prescribes an ideal model of persuasion. The ancient and modern rhetorical theory discussed in the study was utilised to construct standards by which Mandela's speeches were evaluated. The model also enabled the critic to focus on the speaker, Nelson Mandela and his political messages, while considering the rhetorical transaction, including the audiences and situation as a whole. The primary audience considered in this study consists of the mainly black supporters of the ANC who received Mandela's political messages at mass rallies. It was determined that this audience had a positive orientation towards the speaker, his messages and the ANC. Important national media audiences were also fsolated and include Whites, Indians, Coloureds, the IFP and the PAC. These audiences maintained a more negative orientation towards the speaker, his messages and the ANC. The international community in general was also considered.

O conceito de desempenho de edificações vem sendo discutido pelo mundo, principalmente, após o período pós-guerra na Europa. No Brasil, as primeiras discussões se iniciaram na década de 1980, quando novas tecnologias construtivas foram introduzidas aos edifícios habitacionais. Na época, os profissionais da área perceberam que se tornava imprescindível avaliar o comportamento esperado dessas edificações durante sua vida útil. Assim, um grupo de estudo liderado pela ABNT se formou para elaborar uma série de normas técnicas relacionadas ao conceito de desempenho de edificações. Após décadas de discussões, publicou-se a norma ABNT NBR 15575/2013 - Edificações habitacionais - Desempenho, em vigor desde julho de 2013. A publicação da norma de desempenho significou um grande marco para o setor da construção civil, pois, nela são contextualizados conceitos de vida útil, prazo de garantia, manutenibilidade, incumbência de cada agente envolvido, durabilidade e estabelecidos níveis de desempenho: mínimo (M), intermediário (I) e superior (S). Para avaliar o desempenho térmico, a norma propõe dois procedimentos: simplificado e medição in-loco. O procedimento simplificado tem aspecto normativo de análise, onde é verificado o atendimento aos requisitos e critérios das propriedades térmicas dos sistemas de vedação e cobertura. No caso de resultados insatisfatórios, a análise segue pelo método da simulação computacional. No entanto, alguns estudos já apontaram discrepâncias e incertezas nos resultados de desempenho térmico relacionados ao método de simulação computacional proposto pela norma, principalmente na configuração do dia típico de projeto. A falta de definições de alguns parâmetros importantes na norma de desempenho, por exemplo, o parâmetro \"Dia Típico de Projeto\" (Design Day), tem causado questionamentos sobre a melhor forma de se aplicar a simulação computacional para determinação do nível de desempenho térmico dos edifícios. Tendo em vista esses questionamentos e a incerteza dos resultados devido à desconsideração de algumas variáveis, o presente trabalho objetiva avaliar a influência das variáveis desconsideradas pela norma de desempenho na configuração do parâmetro Design Day, do software EnergyPlus, nos resultados de desempenho térmico final da edificação. Para isso utilizou-se como modelo uma edificação multifamiliar de HIS, localizada na Cidade de Sumaré no Estado de São Paulo. Para o estudo, inicialmente, as variáveis do parâmetro Design Day (do EnergyPlus) e as equivalentes, constantes da norma de desempenho foram interpretadas. Identificaram-se seis variáveis sem definição clara e sem valores atribuídos pela norma de desempenho que foram consideradas na simulação para verificar a influência das mesmas no resultado do desempenho térmico de edificações. Concluiu-se que as variáveis de Solar Model Indicator e Sky Clearness foram as variáveis que influenciaram nos resultados de nível de desempenho térmico. Desse modo, a pesquisa verificou que os valores atribuídos a essas variáveis possibilitam que os resultados sejam favoráveis ou não. / The concept of building performance has been discussed by the whole world, especially after the postwar period in Europe. In Brazil, the first discussions have begun in the 1980s when new constructive technologies were introduced to residential buildings. At the time, the professionals of this area realized that it became essential to evaluate the expected behavior of these buildings during their useful life. Thus, a study group led by ABNT was formed to elaborate a series of technical norms related to the concept of buildings performance. After decades of discussions, the ABNT NBR 15575:2013 Standard - Residential Buildings - Performance, which was published in July 2013. The publication of the building performance standard meant a great landmark for the civil construction sector, since it includes concepts of useful life, warranty period, maintenance, responsibility of each agent involved, durability and established performance levels: Minimum (M), Intermediate (I) and Superior (S). To evaluate the building thermal performance, the Standard proposes two procedures: simplified and in loco measurement. The simplified procedure is a normative analysis aspect where the requirements fulfillment and the thermal properties criteria of the sealing walls and roofing systems are verified. In the case of unsatisfactory results, the analysis follows by the computational simulation method. However, some studies have already pointed out discrepancies and uncertainties in the thermal performance results related to the computational simulation method proposed by the referred Standard, especially in the typical design day configuration. The lack of some important parameters definitions in the Performance Standard, for example, the \"Design Day\" parameter has caused questions about the best way to apply the computer simulation to determine the level of buildings thermal performance. Considering these questions and the uncertainty on results due the lack of consideration of some variables, the present work proposes evaluate the influence of variables disregarded by the Performance Standard in the Design Day parameter configuration on the EnergyPlus software in the final results of the building thermal performance. A multi-family housing building, located in Sumare City, State of Sao Paulo, was used as a model. For the study, first, the Design Day parameter variables (of the EnergyPlus) and the equivalents variables included in the Performance Standard were interpreted. It was identified six variables with no clear definition and no values attributed by the Standard that were considered in the simulation to verify their influence on the buildings thermal performance. It was concluded that Solar Model Indicator and Sky Clearness were the variables that influenced the results of thermal performance level. In this way, the research verified that the assigned values to these variables allow being favorable results or not.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-08-07T12:06:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_DOUGLAS_MICHEL_RIBEIRO_PORTO_COMPLETO.pdf: 3921243 bytes, checksum: 054c43440dac53b165f298289df025e4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-07T12:06:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_DOUGLAS_MICHEL_RIBEIRO_PORTO_COMPLETO.pdf: 3921243 bytes, checksum: 054c43440dac53b165f298289df025e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / The purpose of this Master's thesis is to answer the following question: What is the importance of hope to mobilize and motivate individuals to manifest themselves on the streets of Porto Alegre in 2013? We seek to answer it in two ways. First, we mobilized the theoretical framework offered by Ernst Bloch establishing privileged dialogue with Axel Honneth and, from this, we produced a reflection about the importance of hope for the mobilization and motivation of the subjects involved in social movements, manifestations, collective actions, in summary, collective political actions with a view to changing the circumstances lived by the subjects, regardless of the size of the change demanded. Second, through photographic records of the multitude manifestations erupted on the streets of Porto Alegre in 2013, we sought to analyze in what ways the hope crystallized in the factual reality motivating the protesters, structuring the manifestations and generating impacts on the institutionality. To do this, we use the following Blochian concepts: expectant affections, diurnal dreams, concrete utopias, front and novum. / A presente disserta??o de mestrado tem como objetivo principal responder ? seguinte quest?o: Qual a import?ncia da esperan?a para mobilizar e motivar os indiv?duos a se manifestarem nas ruas da cidade de Porto Alegre no ano de 2013? Buscamos respond?-la de duas formas. Primeiro, mobilizamos o arcabou?o te?rico oferecido por Ernst Bloch estabelecendo interlocu??o privilegiada com Axel Honneth e, a partir disso, produzimos uma reflex?o a respeito da import?ncia da esperan?a para a mobiliza??o e motiva??o dos sujeitos participes de movimentos sociais, manifesta??es, a??es coletivas, em s?ntese, a??es pol?ticas coletivas com vistas a alterar as circunst?ncias vividas pelos sujeitos, n?o importando a dimens?o da mudan?a demandada. Segundo, atrav?s de registros fotogr?ficos das manifesta??es multitudin?rias irrompidas nas ruas de Porto Alegre no ano de 2013, buscamos analisar de quais maneiras a esperan?a cristalizou-se na realidade f?tica motivando os manifestantes, estruturando as manifesta??es e gerando impactos na institucionalidade. Para isso lan?amos m?o dos seguintes conceitos blochianos: afetos expectantes, sonhos diurnos, utopias concretas, front e novum.

El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar en qué medida el Programa de Integración Social promovido por la Cura Pastoral Latinoamericana ha contribuido a reducir las dificultades que afrontan los migrantes legales peruanos de primera generación, para integrarse socialmente al nuevo entorno en Génova – Italia, durante los años 2011 y 2013. En esta tesis se analizan los aportes del programa de integración social para la adaptación de los migrantes peruanos, y los factores que limitan la integración de los migrantes. La finalidad es plantear recomendaciones y mejorar dicho programa para un mejor servicio de la iglesia a los migrantes peruanos que constituyen un gran número en Génova. Los temas más trabajados en la investigación fueron: la participación de los migrantes en los talleres: sus sugerencias y su percepción; evaluar la influencia del idioma italiano en su adaptación, el grado de conocimiento de los migrantes peruanos respecto a la normatividad legal para que tomen sus decisiones. En general se quiere conocer de qué forma todos estos factores intervienen en la integración social de los migrantes peruanos. Los resultados de esta investigación pueden ser útiles en términos de gerencia social ya que serán aplicables a grupos sociales importantes y podrán mejorar su calidad de vida. Sobre todo porque la migración de la población peruana es un fenómeno significativo. En la perspectiva de la gerencia social, este estudio podrá identificar aciertos y oportunidades de mejora de la intervención de la iglesia como un actor social importante; y además validar un programa que contribuya a la política social del Estado italiano, a la normatividad y procedimientos establecidos para los migrantes. Desde la iglesia católica se podrá tener un trabajo integral y dinámico, mejorar la planificación estratégica, encontrar las cadenas de valor y socializar la experiencia para hacerla extensiva a otros lugares donde la iglesia tiene trabajo con migrantes. La presente investigación, permitirá mostrar logros de la Cura Pastoral Latinoamericana, a través de su Programa “Integración Social” los que podrán optimizarse aún más, si la institución se fortalece, e incorpora elementos de gerencia social. / Tesis

El Perú, de acuerdo a nuestra Constitución, es un país unitario y descentralizado, sin embargo en el diseño de la descentralización no se previó mecanismos de coordinación intergubernamental, además que buena parte del marco normativo de la descentralización se aprobó con posterioridad e incluso después de la creación de regiones (por ejemplo la Ley N° 29158, Ley Orgánica del Poder Ejecutivo – LOPE, se aprobó en diciembre del 2007, sin embargo, las competencias exclusivas y compartidas del Poder Ejecutivo con los Gobiernos Regionales y Locales quedaron supeditadas a la aprobación de las Leyes de Organización y Funciones de los ministerios), ello ha determinado que la coordinación intergubernamental se vea debilitada y que prevalezca un enfoque más bien vertical de coordinación. / Tesis

Esta breve historia ha tomado más tiempo de lo que anticipé. La idea inicial surgió en los años noventa, cuando nos dimos cuenta de que la mejor forma de hacer pronósticos era mediante el estudio de las frecuentes crisis que habían caracterizado el patrón de crecimiento de la economía peruana. En su concepción inicial, el trabajo tenía poco que ver con una historia económica sino más bien se trataba de un análisis de los ciclos económicos en el Perú. El problema principal era que las series oficiales se iniciaban en 1950 y el estudio de fluctuaciones requería un mayor número de observaciones. / Tesis