The importance of access to quality physical education (PE) among children is well-documented. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, however, resulted in significant shifts in PE curriculum delivery alongside a rapid uptake by PE teachers of new technologies. Although some research about integrating technology into teaching does exist, there is very little data about virtual learning in elementary school, particularly in the context of physical education. There are also clear gaps in the literature about teaching PE virtually during a pandemic. As such and in this study, I sought to fill a critical gap in the existing literature by identifying what specific factors shaped elementary physical education delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as barriers and facilitators to successful curriculum delivery, and I drew implications for future emergency response needs.This mixed-methods study examined elementary physical education teachers’ perceptions of teaching virtually during the spring of 2020 and/or 2020-2021 school year. The study’s sample drew on PE teachers from urban, rural, and suburban settings across the US, which included diverse experiences to explore teachers’ perceptions of virtual teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. Surveys and focus groups were utilized. Results from this study elucidated that physical education teachers were challenged by limited space, equipment, internet use, and distraction within the environment when teaching. However, teachers in this sample also discussed their tenacity to help their students stay active by delivering supplies to families, posting on social media, and teaching how to make alternative equipment. Teachers also reported that the more support they received (for example, via social emotional support and also specific technology support), the less stress they felt during remote teaching. At the same time, the higher the teacher perception on live lesson participation, the more efficacious the teachers felt. The expectations of PE teachers during COVID varied from region to region, and the ever-changing schedules made teaching PE that more difficult. Although there has been some research on teaching virtually, before the pandemic there was very little research about specifically teaching elementary PE virtually. The need to pivot to remote instruction is part of our future. The implication of this work helps support the need for further education of public health goals. The need for a platform that supports PE and elementary age children is needed to best support this work. Using technology as an enrichment and supplement for PE to help reach this goal could be a positive outcome of this pandemic. The use of virtual platforms will also help deliver PE content to families and allow for technology skill development through targeted practice for any future need to pivot to remote.

Resning utgör en ytterlighet i vårt rättssystem som bara är menat att bli aktuellt i ett fåtal extrema situationer där en dom i efterhand framstår som materiellt oriktigt. En beviljad resningsansökan upphäver en tidigare doms rättskraft, ett förhållande som normalt är otänkbart inom processrätten. Precis som i en ordinarie brottmålsprocess så ska den nya bevisning som förts fram till grund för resningsansökan bevisvärderas. I ett resningsärende tar dock inte bevisvärderingen sikte på att avgöra ansvarsfrågan i den nu angripna brottmålsdomen, utan att bedöma sannolikheten för att utgången i den tidigare brottmålsrättegången blivit en annan om det nya materialet hade förelegat redan då. Syftet i detta arbete är att undersöka hur de processuella ramarna i resningsärenden påverkar hur utsagor bevisvärderas när resning sökts till nackdel för tilltalad på resningsgrunden ny omständighet eller bevis enligt 58 kap. 3 § st. 1 p. 2 RB. Uppsatsen består i grunden av tre olika ämnesområden: resning, bevisrätt och utsagevärdering. I detta arbete sammanför jag dessa genom att ställa upp beviskedjemodeller. Till grund för beviskedjemodellerna studerar jag resningsförfarandets handläggningsregler och de möjliga presentationsformer, typfall, bevisen kan förekomma i ett resningsärenden. Med hjälp de processrättsliga begreppen processuellt rättsfaktum och materiellt rättsfaktum kommer jag fram till att det vid bevisvärderingen i resningsärenden förekommer dubbla rättsfaktum och dubbla slutliga bevisteman. Man kan då se att de nya materialet i resningsärendet är menat att styrka det slutliga processuella bevistemat, men att denna prövning inte är oberoende av materiella rättsfakta i det ursprungliga brottmålet. I detta arbete har jag visat att det går och hur man kan ställa upp bevisvärderingen av utsagor i resningsärenden till nackdel för tilltalad som beviskedjemodeller. Därutöver har jag bevisteoretiskt rett ut hur begreppen rättsfaktum, bevisfaktum och slutliga bevisteman kan tillämpas vid bevisvärderingen i resningsärenden. Till sist har jag även använt de beviskedjemodeller jag ställt upp på ett verkligt resningsfall där utsagebevisning var av avgörande betydelse för att resning till nackdel för tilltalad beviljades. Det visar att beviskedjemodellerna har en verklighetsförankring och praktiskt värde. / A re-trial constitutes an extreme situation in our legal system that is only meant to be used in rare cases where a judgment appears – in retrospect – to be materially incorrect. A granted application for a new trail cancels the legal force of the previous judgment, a situation that is normally unthinkable in procedural law. Just as in an ordinary criminal trial, the new evidence that has been brought forward as the basis for the re-trial application must be evaluated as evidence. In a petition for a re-trial, however, the evaluation of the evidence does not aim to decide the question of responsibility in the now challenged criminal judgment, but to assess the probability that the outcome of the previous criminal trial would have been different if the new material had already been available then. The purpose of this work is to examine how the procedural frameworks in re-trials affect how statements are evaluated as evidence when a rescission of a court case is sought to the detriment of the defendant on the grounds new circumstance or evidence according to 58 ch. 3 § par. 1 p. 2 RB. The essay is structured in three different subject areas: re-trials, law of evidence and statement evaluation. In this work, I bring these together by setting up evidence chain models. As a basis for the evidence chain models, I study the handling rules of the application procedure and the possible forms the evidence can be presented to the court in these cases. Using the concepts of procedural dispositive fact and material dispositive fact, I conclude that there are both double dispositive facts and final themes of proof in the evaluation of evidence in retrial cases. It can then be seen that the new material in the new trial case is meant to support the final procedural theme of proof, but that this examination is not independent of the material dispositive facts in the original criminal case. In this study, I have shown that it is possible to set up evaluation of statements and evidence in criminal cases to the detriment of the defendant as evidence chain models. In addition, I have clarified the theory of evidence of how the concepts of dispositive facts, evidentiary facts and final themes of proof can be applied in the evaluation of evidence in criminal cases. Finally, I have also used the chain of evidence models in a real prosecution case where a testimony was of decisive importance for the prosecution – to the defendant's detriment – to be granted. It shows that the chain of evidence models has a practical purpose.

La práctica pre profesional se da en el equipo de Soporte Emocional de una empresa del rubro bancario. Este equipo surge ante la problemática de la pandemia de COVID-19 y sus efectos en los colaboradores, que se desempeñan en actividades esenciales durante el estado de emergencia. Ante ello, se encuentran dos grupos afectados de diferentes maneras: aquellos que se desempeñaban en funciones presenciales en este contexto y aquellos que confrontaban el trabajo remoto por primera vez. Las funciones del equipo se enfocaron, entonces, en el diseño y ejecución de un programa de bienestar emocional y salud mental dirigido a los colaboradores. Desde un punto de vista diagnóstico, se realizó levantamiento de información a través de llamadas telefónicas y aplicando pruebas psicológicas para la medición de estrés percibido y resiliencia. Los datos obtenidos en esa etapa, permitieron considerar distintos tipos de intervención en la población, siendo los principales el espacio de soporte emocional individual y las actividades grupales. Se aplicó la psicoeducación en una serie de temáticas como el autocuidado, el mindfulness, la asertividad, las redes de soporte social, entre otras. Finalmente, se consideró oportuno realizar una evaluación constante a través de encuestas de satisfacción tanto del espacio individual como del grupal. Durante el proyecto, se encontró una población afectada emocionalmente por la pandemia y sus repercusiones, sin embargo, se pudo identificar oportunidades de desarrollo de recursos de afrontamiento, que permitieron buenos resultados en los colaboradores a partir de las dificultades y limitaciones de la coyuntura. / The internship took place in the Emotional Support team of a banking company. This team arises as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on employees, who performed essential activities during the state of emergency. Considering this, there were two groups affected in different ways by the situation: those who were doing presential work in this context and those who were facing remote work for the first time. Therefore, the team’s functions focused on the design and execution of an emotional well-being and mental health program aimed at employees. From a diagnostic perspective, the team collected information about the general state of the personnel through telephone calls and the application of psychological tests for the measurement of their perceived stress and resilience. The data obtained, then allowed to consider different types of intervention, the main ones being individual emotional support sessions and group activities. Psychoeducation was applied in topics such as self-care, mindfulness, assertiveness and social support networks, among others. Finally, it was considered appropriate to carry out a constant evaluation of these activities through surveys about both the individual spaces and the collective ones. During the project, it was detected that the population was emotionally affected by the pandemic and its repercussions. However, it was also identified that there were opportunities to develop some coping resources, which allowed positive results in employees despite the difficulties and limitations of the context.

No description available.

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo comprender cómo se ha producido el surgimiento de estrategias emergentes en dos colegios privados de San Martín de Porres durante la emergencia sanitaria, la Institución Educativa Privada “El Nazareno” y la Institución Educativa Privada “Technology Schools de Paramonga”. Para ello, el estudio se basó en el Modelo de Gestión Educativa Estratégica que posee cinco componentes. Para la aplicación de este modelo, se estableció un enfoque cualitativo, basado en entrevistas semi estructuradas, y luego, se contrastó con la opinión de expertos en Gestión Educativa. Por un lado, en el caso del colegio “Technology Schools de Paramonga”, se evidenció que su planeación estratégica se modificó producto del inicio de la pandemia de la COVID19; además, el liderazgo fue asumido por los docentes; respecto al trabajo colaborativo, los docentes trabajaron en conjunto; en la participación social responsable, los padres de familia fueron clave para el desarrollo de las clases; en la evaluación para la mejora continua, el colegio disminuyó la cantidad de evaluaciones. Por otro lado, en el caso del colegio “El Nazareno”, la planeación estratégica sufrió modificaciones. En relación con el liderazgo, este fue compartido. En cuanto al trabajo colaborativo, este se dio con la finalidad de aprender sobre nuevas plataformas para el dictado de clases. En relación con la participación social responsable, los padres de familia asumieron un rol protagónico. Respecto a la evaluación para la mejora continua, el número de evaluaciones se redujeron.

Hosting the Tokyo 2020 Olympics during the COVID-19 pandemic presented a major crisis for the Olympic movement, both in Canada and around the world. The Pandemic led to an unprecedented postponement of the games and to widespread concern that the Tokyo Olympics could become a mega-spreader event. The purpose of the present study is to provide an empirical accounting of the Canadian experience prior to and during the Tokyo Games, specifically through a thematic analysis of content related to COVID-19 and the Olympic Games, as produced by major Canadian media sources and key Canadian sport organizations. Utilizing a communication centered view of crisis informed by Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) and narrative management, the present study examined the crisis response of major Canadian sport organizations, most specifically the Canadian Olympic Committee (COC) (Coombs, 2007; DiSanza et al., 2018; Gigliotti, 2020). A unique methodological approach was used in the present study, beginning with both database and grey literature search strategies to collect data from Canadian media sources and sport organizations. Sources included the CBC, the National Post, and the Globe and Mail as media sources, and the Canadian Olympic Committee, Own the Podium, and Sport Canada as major sport organizations. Researchers then followed a data analysis process utilizing a framework of thematic analysis from Braun and Clarke (2006), collaborative analysis following Richards and Hemphill (2018), and the use of software and visual narrative analysis based on the work of Hoeber et al. (2017). This methodology allowed the researchers to analyze a large sample of 930 documents published between March 11th, 2020 and August 22nd 2021. The results of the present study revealed a complex and changing narrative in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent postponement of the Tokyo Olympics. The decision by the COCC to withdraw from the Olympics in March 2020 was portrayed as a principled stand that influenced the IOC into postponing the Games to a year later. The COC continued to focus on promoting athletes in their public messaging and presented a strong, coherent narrative that appeared consistent with the values of key stakeholders and minimized the reputational threat posed to the organization. The IOC however received substantial negative media coverage, especially in the lead up to the Games in 2021. During the initial period of the Games themselves, media coverage focused on new COVID-19 cases and the effect of strict safety protocols. However, by August 2021 there appeared to have been a significant shift in the narrative, with the focus becoming stories and performances of Olympic athletes. The results of the present study emphasize the importance of effective narrative management in crisis communications, and the consistently of this approach with SCCT (Coombs, 2007; DiSanza et al., 2018). Furthermore, the effectiveness of the COC’s crisis response also reinforces a communication centered view of crisis, where the perceptions of stakeholders are viewed as a key element of defining organizational crisis management (Gigliotti, 2020). To minimize the reputational threat to their organizations, crisis managers should ensure that stakeholder perceptions remain central to their crisis communication decision making, and managers should also consider the importance of crafting a strong and coherent narrative.

Las transformaciones en la vida cotidiana por las disposiciones del distanciamiento social y el confinamiento de las personas en sus hogares, para reducir la propagación de la pandemia del COVID-19 en el año 2020, se acentuo en la población ocupada que adoptó el trabajo a distancia porque experimentaron cambios en la rutina en el trabajo y en la vida privada. Aunque esta modalidad en el sector formal y privado alcanzó a un grupo de 250 mil trabajadores dependientes registrados en los dos primeros años de la pandemia, la experiencia contrastó la posibilidad de usar el trabajo a distancia en aquellas actividades económicas y ocupaciones en el país con mayor penetración de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y comunicación. Según el perfil de este grupo cuentan con formación universitaria, perciben los mejores ingresos del mercado y mayormente son adultos, lo cual supone años de experiencia laboral, y se desenvuelven en actividades de administración, de la banca y seguros, enseñanza y la investigación, y se puede señalar como aspecto positivo que favoreció en parte la reducción de la brecha de género por la mayor presencia de la mujer en el trabajo. Pero, también esta modalidad pusó en relieve las profundas diferencias y heterogeneidades del mercado de trabajo en el país que se caracteriza por la elevada tasa de informalidad laboral, bajo nivel educativo, la vulnerabilidad de los jóvenes para acceder al empleo decente, marcado por la falta de acceso al internet en las zonas rurales y en algunas regiones del país.

Higher education institutions (HEIs) have faced unprecedented challenges during the Covid-19 pandemic. This dissertation draws on the comparative case study design to examine the institutional response to the Covid-19 pandemic across seventeen HEIs in three urban contexts: Hong Kong, Johannesburg, and New York. Due to the limited knowledge base about the novel coronavirus and its rapid spread, the institutional response to the Covid-19 pandemic was premised on uncertainty and presented a unique challenge to decision-makers. This study is informed by the systems approach in the three strands of literature I draw from – disaster studies, sociology of risk, and higher education governance. The evidence from this study supports the conceptualization of the Covid-19 response as a by-product of social design and socially constructed events. I take a qualitative approach to study the institutional response through semi-structured interviews, documents, and recruitment survey responses. Guided by organized risk sensemaking, I put forth the following research questions: (1) What policies, if any, have been adopted to mitigate the risk of Covid-19? (2) What decision-making structures, if any, have been mobilized to mitigate the risk of Covid-19? (3) How, if at all, institutional managers have rationalized the decisions adopted in response to the Covid-19 pandemic? and (4) How, if at all, has the external environment impacted the institutional response to Covid-19? In the first findings chapter, I examine the Covid-19 policies adopted during the pandemic and conclude that the measures taken to mitigate risks associated with the pandemic have counter-intuitive consequences. The Covid-19 response has strengthened HEIs’ place-based identity and underscored the role universities and colleges play in their immediate communities as anchor institutions. The second analytical chapter shows how decision-making structures were established and mobilized during the Covid-19 pandemic within different HEIs. It typifies decision making structures by their focus (general vs. specific) and temporality (permanent vs. temporary). This chapter discusses the challenges and benefits of different decision-making approaches, including the involvement of faculty and staff, the elimination of organizational silos, and the funneling of decisions to higher levels of authority. Furthermore, I interrogate the institutional managers’ rationalizations of challenges and ethical dilemmas brought on by the pandemic. In this chapter, I present the four emerging attitudes toward the Covid-19 pandemic as a sensemaking framework, illuminating the institutional response as a temporally dynamic phenomenon. Lastly, I focus on the external environment and specifically, the non-state sectoral actors that have played a crucial role in informing and shaping HEIs' responses. The relationships with these actors serve advisory, brokerage, coordination, data collection, material support, lobbying, and translation functions for HEIs. The study contributes to the literature on comparative education by providing empirical evidence on the role of non-state sectoral actors, the decision-making processes of HEIs, and the impact of Covid-19 on higher education. It also highlights the importance of universities and colleges as anchor institutions within their communities.

The purpose of this research was to explore the perceptions of student affairs administrators, working in both public and private higher education institutions, regarding how they learned to use technology and gain insight into how their work would evolve in the future. While the COVID-19 pandemic affected everyone in the higher education landscape—academic faculty, students, and student administrative professionals—this research focused specifically on a segment of administrative professionals within higher education institutions: student affairs professionals. The results of the study provide recommendations to higher education institutions and student affair professionals and how to work in a technologically evolving workplace. The researcher based the study on the three assumptions: (1) informal and incidental learning are key factors in growing the skills to learn the evolving technologies in the workplace; (2) higher-order thinking skills exist in student affairs professionals who went beyond transferring the in-person modality to online; (3) organizational competencies or ethical competencies in digital leadership skills existed in student affairs professionals who went beyond demonstrating technological competencies skills The study population were student affairs professionals who worked during COVID-19. Data sources were primarily through 12 individual interviews, all conducted via Zoom, critical incident reports, and documents. Key findings of the study revealed: (1) A strong majority of participants described the use of technology as having a significant communication platform; (2) A majority of participants indicated that the lack of user engagement was a challenge while using technology; (3) An overwhelming majority learn to overcome the challenge of using technology through peer conversation; and (4) A majority of participants stated that having a supportive leader influenced the use of technology. The main recommendations of the study were the following: (1) Higher education institutions should think of creating the space and opportunities for student affairs professionals to engage in conversation with one another to overcome the challenges of using technology. To develop the space, higher education climate and organizational culture around the perception of technology must be considered. Additionally, higher education institutions should invest in developing supportive leaders who have a positive perception of technology in the workplace; and (2) Student affairs professionals should not only learn to be open about using technology in the workplace, but also develop the inter-personal skills that is critical to overcoming the use of technology. For seasoned student affairs professionals who hope to become a leader within the institution, developing the leadership skills to become a supportive leader who has the technological and inter-personal skills is critical to better manage and lead their team.

Contribuant à la littérature sociologique et criminologique sur la police en contexte de foule, sur le profilage politique et les savoirs policiers, cette thèse présente une analyse de la construction et de la circulation des savoirs policiers relative à l’implantation, en 2010, du controversé projet GAMMA (Guet des activités des mouvements marginaux et anarchistes) du Service de police de la Ville de Montréal (SPVM). Notre étude de cas s’intéresse spécifiquement aux savoirs policiers construits qui désignent la foule (modes de désignation), mais également à ceux qui désignent le GAMMA comme mode d’action policier. Elle permet de mieux comprendre comment les savoirs policiers du SPVM se sont constitués dans les médias, principalement en 2011, comparativement à comment ils se sont constitués, à l’interne, au niveau de la haute direction du SPVM, entre 2010 et 2011. L’étude prend forme à partir de l’analyse du contenu d’une revue de presse (constituée notamment de 36 articles journalistiques, 20 communiqués de presse et 23 lettres d’opinion) et d’un corpus de 55 documents internes du SPVM obtenus en déployant six demandes d’accès. Au final, l’acquisition de ce corpus a nécessité plus de six ans de démarches judiciaires et administratives en vertu de la Loi sur l'accès aux documents des organismes publics et sur la protection des renseignements personnels aux documents. Notre enquête procède d’abord à l’analyse des construits présents dans les déclarations médiatiques policières qui sont cadencées par le rythme des événements et des réactions sociétales. Notre étude parvient à poser plus spécifiquement la question du déni policier. Notre sociologie du déni permet de dégager d’étonnants effets de certains savoirs policiers articulés publiquement. Nous constatons notamment des efforts des relations publiques du SPVM ayant pour effet de (re)cadrer le discours sur le GAMMA et de diriger le regard du public loin de certaines activités du GAMMA. Procédant ensuite à une analyse des construits couchés dans des documents stratégiques internes obtenus en vertu de la Loi sur l’accès, notre étude montre que loin de reposer uniquement sur des événements criminalisables, la mise en place du GAMMA puise plus fondamentalement à une problématisation de la marginalité politique de groupes sociaux. Nous présentons la manière dont les mouvements marginaux sont implicitement opérationnalisés en indicateurs visibles et, celle dont la problématisation de convictions politiques spécifiques et de caractéristiques, loin d’indicateurs de criminalité, amalgament ces mouvements à un potentiel criminel, enjoignant les policiers du GAMMA à adopter des attitudes de suspicion généralisée à leur égard. La thèse explore la subjectivité des savoirs policiers sur lesquels repose l’institutionnalisation, à l’échelle municipale, d’une réponse policière supplémentaire ciblant de façon différentielle ces mouvements marginaux et anarchistes. Elle pose, sans détour, la question du profilage politique, mais interroge également des considérations sociologiques relatives aux thèses de la « neutralisation stratégique », du « contrôle intelligent », de la « normalisation » et de la « routinisation » de la manifestation, ainsi que des « paysages d’exclusion » dans la réflexion sur les effets de pouvoir des savoirs policiers étudiés. Elle pose aussi la question des « souricières conceptuelles » pouvant nourrir les imaginaires policiers. Retraçant la circulation de savoirs policiers problématiques jusqu’aux documents internes de la haute direction, l’étude permet d’interroger la responsabilité de cette dernière dans la mise en place du GAMMA et dans une certaine forme de profilage politique de « haut niveau ». Notre enquête permet également de revenir sur le cadrage médiatique de la controverse sociale qui aurait été commandé par l’État-major du SPVM. Un cadrage médiatique qui sera lourd de conséquences puisqu’ultimement, selon nos constats, il aura pour effet de désinformer le public et d’entraver la lutte contre le profilage politique. / From this thesis stems a contribution to the ever-growing sociological and criminological research on protest policing, political profiling and police knowledge. It analyzes the construction and circulation of police knowledge in the context of the implementation of the controversial GAMMA project of the Montreal Police Department. Created in 2010, the project was intended to watch the activities of marginal and anarchist movements in the city of Montreal, Quebec (Canada). Our case study focuses on the constructed police knowledge that designate the crowd, but also GAMMA itself as a police mode of action. Our investigation enables us to better understand how police knowledge was constructed in the media, mainly in 2011, comparatively to how police knowledge was constituted internally, by Montreal Police Department’s high commanding officers, between 2010 and 2011. Methodologically, our study builds on the content analysis of a press review (containing, amongst other material: 36 journalistic articles, 20 press releases and 23 opinion letters) and of a body of 55 internal documents produced by the Montreal Police Department. These internal documents were obtained via six access to information (ATI) requests sent through the provincial access to information process. These are the result of more than six years of legal and administrative procedures. Our investigation starts by analyzing constructs in police public statements, oftentimes overdetermined by the rythm of events and societal reactions. There we study more specifically police denial. Our sociology of denial uncovers surprising effects of certain police knowledge presented to the public. Amongst other things, we find public relations initiatives which (re)frame the narrative on GAMMA and redirect the public glance away from large sections of GAMMA’s activities. Moving onwards, we apply analysis techniques to internal strategic documents obtained through ATI legislation. Our study shows that, far from dealing only with characteristics that may legitimately lead to criminalization, GAMMA’s implementation fundamentally involved problematizing the political marginality of social groups. We show how characteristics of marginal movements were implicitly operationnalized into visible indicators of possible criminality, as were specific political convictions and identityrelated characteristics. These elements encouraged GAMMA officers to generalize their suspicion of members of marginal or anarchist groups. This thesis explores the subjectivity of the police knowledge used to institutionalize, on a municipal scale, a differential response targeting these specific movements. Straightforwardly, our study addresses the question of political profiling, but also sociological considerations pertaining to the concepts of "selective incapacitation", "intelligent control", "normalization" or "routinization" of protests and of "landscapes of exclusion" in our discussions on the power effects of the studied police knowledge. We also ponder on the "conceptual kettles" (or "conceptual kettling") which may nourish police imaginaries. Tracking the circulation of problematic forms of police knowledge up to high commanding officers, our study questions their responsibility in the implementation of GAMMA and in a type of « high-ranking » political profiling. Our investigation enables us to delve back into the mediatic framing of the controversy being itself carried out at the request of the police department’s top brass. We conclude that these frames have heavy consequences for, we find ultimately, that they qualify as disinformation and have the effect of obstructing different struggles against political profiling.