In recent times, application of aluminum alloys is favored in the transportation sectors such as the aerospace and automobile industries where reduced fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emission are major priorities. In these applications, these alloys can be exposed to dynamic shock loading conditions as in the case of car crash and birds’ collision during aircraft’s take-off or landing. This study therefore focused on the deformation and damage mechanisms in AA 2017, AA 2024 and AA 2624 aluminum alloys under both quasi-static and dynamic impact loading conditions. Cylindrical specimens of the selected aluminum alloys were investigated under both quasi-static loading at 3.2 x10-3 s-1 using an Instron R5500 mechanical testing machine and dynamic impact loading using the split Hopkinson pressure bar at strain rates ranging between 2000 and 8000 s-1. The effects of strain rate and temper condition on the microstructural evolution in the alloys during mechanical loading were studied. The electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique was used to investigate the texture of the naturally-aged AA 2017 and AA 2624 alloys before and after dynamic shock loading. The contributions of the major alloying elements such as copper, magnesium and silicon to the microstructural evolution and deformation behavior of the alloys under the dynamic shock loading condition were also studied using the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) technique. Results showed that the morphology and atomic distribution of particles in the investigated alloys are functions of the temper condition. The hardness of all the three alloys was higher in the age-hardened conditions than the annealed ones. Although deformation of the alloy under quasi-static compressive loading was dominated by strain hardening, flow softening leading to strain localization and formation of shear bands occurred once certain critical strain values were reached. Under both quasi-static and dynamic loading, the alloys with low Cu:Mg ratio (AA 2024 and AA 2624) showed higher mechanical strength in age-hardened condition than that with high Cu:Mg ratio (AA 2017). All the alloys in the annealed condition exhibited an enhanced plasticity and formability. Intense strain localization leading to formation of adiabatic shear bands (ASBs) was the principal contributor to failure in the alloys under dynamic impact loading. Both deformed and transformed bands were observed, with cracking occurring mainly along the transformed shear bands. The tendency for formation of adiabatic shear bands is observed to be a function of the alloy composition, temper condition, strain, strain rate and strain hardening rate. In the natural aging condition, AA 2024 showed the highest susceptibility to formation of ASBs followed by AA 2624 and AA 2017 in that order. On the other hand, AA 2024 has the least susceptibility in the artificially-aged condition. Occurrence of bifurcation of transformed bands in dynamic impacted specimens is dependent on temper condition, strain and strain rate. The mechanism of fracture of the precipitation hardened samples is typical of ductile fracture occurring sequentially by nucleation, growth, and coalescence of micro-voids processes within transformed band. Elongated grains were observed to arrest propagating shear band depending on the angle the band makes with elongated grains. The higher the angle of inclination of a shear band to the grain on its path, the higher the tendency of the grain to stop its propagation. Texture analysis of the impacted specimens of AA 2017-T451 and AA 2624-T351 shows that the former has a higher tendency for the evolution of ultra-fine DRX grains within the transformed shear band. High strain rate led to the development of CD//<111> orientations at the expense of CD//<110> orientations. Schmid factor calculations performed on few different orientations in the starting microstructure shows that CD//<110> is less susceptible to slip deformation and consequently underwent rotation to CD//<111>.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-02-01T21:46:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaMariaMoraisCosta_TESE.pdf: 3474957 bytes, checksum: b65f813d8586d9b93fe81fa787ad1b7a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elisangela Moura (lilaalves@gmail.com) on 2016-02-23T23:28:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaMariaMoraisCosta_TESE.pdf: 3474957 bytes, checksum: b65f813d8586d9b93fe81fa787ad1b7a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-23T23:28:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaMariaMoraisCosta_TESE.pdf: 3474957 bytes, checksum: b65f813d8586d9b93fe81fa787ad1b7a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-30 / Esse trabalho analisou o protagonismo dos Movimentos Sociais no processo de constru??o e aprova??o do Plano Nacional de Educa??o (PNE 2014-2024) com ?nfase nas metas para a Educa??o Superior. Os questionamentos problematizadores da pesquisa s?o os seguintes: Em qual contexto hist?rico os Movimentos Sociais assumiram o acesso ? educa??o superior como direito social? Quais protagonistas se envolveram no debate em torno da pol?tica de educa??o superior no PNE (2014-2024)? Quais os confrontos e antagonismos est?o ali presentes? Qual o papel dos Movimentos Sociais na Confer?ncia Nacional de Educa??o (CONAE) e no F?rum Nacional de Educa??o (FNE)? Para respond?-los, articulou-se a pol?tica educacional proposta pelo PNE com as reivindica??es hist?ricas dos Movimentos Sociais pelo acesso ? educa??o como direito social, evidenciando o processo de constru??o das diretrizes, metas e estrat?gias nos contextos pol?ticos e sociais de articula??o, proposi??o e reivindica??o nos quais ocorreu a atua??o dos protagonistas para elabora??o e aprova??o desta pol?tica; assim como, os antagonismos identificados. Como aporte te?rico/metodol?gico adotou-se como empiria o estudo dos processos de constru??o e aprova??o do referido PNE inserido nos espa?os de participa??o coletiva, na constru??o de acordos e proposi??es como a Confer?ncia Nacional de Educa??o realizada em 2010, em Bras?lia/DF, as confer?ncias municipais, intermunicipais e estaduais, o F?rum Nacional de Educa??o (FNE) e a Comiss?o Especial da C?mara Federal que o precederam. Para an?lise dos documentos e depoimentos dos protagonistas dos Movimentos Sociais selecionados como sujeitos da pesquisa, os guias te?ricos e os fundamentos conceituais foram a sociologia das aus?ncias, sociologia das emerg?ncias e o procedimento de tradu??o propostos por Boaventura Santos (2005; 2006; 2007; 2010), em di?logo com outros guias te?ricos, como a teoria do reconhecimento social apresentada por Axel Honneth, Charles Taylor e Nancy Fraser (2001; 2003) e as no??es do confronto pol?tico e oportunidade pol?tica organizadas por Sidney Tarrow (2009). Partindo-se dessa base conceitual foi privilegiada a rela??o dos Movimentos Sociais com a pauta da educa??o brasileira quando direcionados para o PNE, analisada com base nas contribui??es de Germano (2013; 2011; 2008; 2007; 1982), Dourado (2011; 2010; 2006); Saviani (2014; 2010; 2009; 2007; 2004,), Gohn (2012; 2010; 1997; 1995), Dagnino (1994) e Scherer-Warren (1993), dentre outros autores que contribuem com o car?ter transdisciplinar desta pesquisa. As contribui??es desses autores propiciaram o entendimento da diversidade epistemol?gica encontrada nas experi?ncias desenvolvidas nos Movimentos Sociais - por meio de suas a??es em diversos espa?os sociais e institucionais, observando-se as conquistas obtidas na pol?tica educacional contida no PNE 2014-2024; bem como a compreens?o da luta pelo reconhecimento social e suas conex?es com os temas emergentes presentes no debate da educa??o nacional. Desse modo, o estudo apontou elementos que possibilitaram a confirma??o da tese de que a Pol?tica de Educa??o Superior aprovada no PNE 2014-2024 (Lei n? 13.005/2014) representa as resson?ncias das mobiliza??es e reivindica??es dos Movimentos Sociais pelo acesso ? educa??o como direito social inalien?vel. / Este trabajo analiz? el protagonismo de los Movimientos Sociales en el proceso de construcci?n y de aprobaci?n del Plan Nacional de Educaci?n (PNE 2014 - 2014) con ?nfasis en las metas para da Educaci?n Universitaria. Las cuestiones que problematizan la investigaci?n son: ?En qu? contexto hist?rico los Movimientos Sociales asumieron el acceso a la educaci?n universitaria com o un derecho social? ?Qu? protagonistas se involucraron en el debate sobre la pol?tica de educaci?n universitaria en el PNE (2014 - 2024)? ?Qu? confrontaciones y antagonismos est?n presentes all?? ?Cu?l es el papel de los Movimientos Sociales en la Conferenc ia Nacional de Educaci?n (CONAE) y en el Foro Nacional de Educaci?n (FNE)? Para contestarlas, articulamos la pol?tica educacional propuesta por el PNE con las reivindicaciones hist?ricas de los Movimientos Sociales por el acceso a la educaci?n como un dere cho social, evidenciando el proceso de construcci?n de las directrices, las metas y las estrategias en los contextos pol?ticos de articulaci?n, proposici?n y reivindicaci?n en los que se produjo la actuaci?n de los protagonistas para la elaboraci?n y la ap robaci?n de esta pol?tica, tanto cuanto los antagonismos identificados. Como aporte te?rico/metodol?gico adoptamos como objeto de estudio emp?rico los procesos de construcci?n y aprobaci?n del mencionado PNE dentro de los espacios de participaci?n colectiv a, en la construcci?n de acuerdos y proposiciones como la Conferencia Nacional de Educaci?n realizada en 2010 en Brasilia/DF, las conferencias municipales, intermunicipales y de los Estados, el Foro Nacional de Educaci?n (FNE) y la Comisi?n Especial de la C?mara Federal que lo antecedieron. Para el an?lisis de los documentos y de los testimonios de los protagonistas de los Movimientos Sociales seleccionados como sujetos de la investigaci?n, los gu?as te?ricos y los fundamentos conceptuales fueron la sociolo g?a de las ausencias, la sociolog?as de las emergencias y el procedimiento de traducci?n propuesto por Boaventura Santos ( 2005; 2006; 2007; 2010), en di?logo con otros gu?as te?ricos, como las nociones de confrontaci?n pol?tica y oportunidad pol?tica organ izadas por Sidney Tarrow (2009). Partiendo de esa base conceptual, privilegiamos la relaci?n de los Movimientos Sociales con la agenda de la educaci?n brasile?a cuando direccionados al PNE, analizada en base a las contribuciones de Germano (2013; 2011; 200 8; 2007; 1982), Dourado (2011; 2010; 2006); Saviani (2014; 2010; 2009; 2007; 2004,), Gohn (2012; 2010; 1997; 1995), Dagnino (1994) y Scherer - Warren (1993), entre los autores que contribuyen con el car?cter transdisciplinario de esta investigaci?n. Las cont ribuciones de estos autores propician el entendimiento de la diversidad epistemol?gica encontrada en las experiencias llevadas adelante en los Movimientos Sociales mediante sus actuaciones en los diversos espacios sociales e institucionales, observando las conquistas obtenidas en la pol?tica educacional contenida en el PNE 2014 - 2024, as? como la comprensi?n de la lucha por el reconocimiento social y sus conexiones con los temas emergentes presentes en el debate de la educaci?n nacional. De este modo, el est udio indica elementos que posibilitaron la confirmaci?n de la tesis de que la Pol?tica de Educaci?n Universitaria aprobada en el PNE 2014 - 2024 (Ley n? 13.005/2014) representa las resonancias de las movilizaciones y reivindicaciones de los Movimientos Socia les por el acceso a la educaci?n como un derecho social inalienable.

Manufacturing of aircraft parts is often complex and time-consuming, which has led to an increased interest in new manufacturing technologies in the Swedish industry such as additive manufacturing (AM). Additive manufacturing techniques could be a solution to meet the aircrafts’ demand since it contributes to an efficient manufacturing and allows a just-in-time production of complex metal parts in their final shape. However, the use of AM aluminum for aircraft applications is in a development phase and no surface treatment process exists. Thereby, it is of high interest to further investigate surface treatments for AM alloys. Currently at Saab AB, conventional aluminum alloys are generally anodized in tartaric sulphuric acid (TSA) to improve the corrosion resistance and adhesion properties of the metal. On the behalf of Saab AB, there is also an interest in establishing powder coating as a surface treatment. This master thesis’ purpose is to investigate the anodizing and adhesion properties for the two additive manufacturing alloys - AlSi10Mg and ScalmalloyⓇ, and compare it with the conventionally produced Al alloy 2024-T3. The anodization and the powder coating is examined by using following characterization techniques: profilometry, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements. The results from the experimental part indicated successful anodizations for all the alloys and good adhesion properties for powder coating. This research is a first step in contributing to a better understanding of the anodic coating and adhesion properties for the AM samples ScalmalloyⓇ and AlSi10Mg

This thesis deals with relationship between tensile strength and hardness of aluminium alloys. The introduction provides an overview of aluminum aloys and their properties. In the following section there is an analysis of the processing of aluminum alloys. A large part is devoted to the course of precipitation hardening. The second part of the thesis contains a practical part, which describes the methodology of measuring hardness and tensile strength. The measurement process is described below. At the end, the measured data are processed into various graphs and their results are evaluated.

Slitiny hliníku řad 2XXX a 7XXX nejsou shledávány jako svařitelné s použitím tradičních metod svařování. Jsou však široce používány v leteckých a kosmických konstrukcích. Obvyklý způsob jejich spojování je pomocí nýtování. Nově vznikající technologie lineárního svařování třením rotujícím nástrojem (Friction Stir Welding - FSW) již ukázala slibné výsledky při svařování těchto slitin. V této práci jsme prozkoumali aplikace technologie FSW v leteckých konstrukcích zejména jako náhradu nýtování na panelech vyztužených stringery. Sestavili jsme výrobní postup pro daný panel a navrhli další kroky k jeho optimalizaci. Dále jsme sestavili znalostní bázi základních svařovacích parametrů a porovnali jsme nýtování a FSW na jednoduchém modelu využitím metody konečných prvků a s cílem identifikovat rozdíly v charakteru rozložení napětí v těchto vzorcích.

No description available.

Mit Enthusiasmus und großer Vorfreude präsentieren wir Ihnen auf den folgenden Seiten das Programm der Dresdner Musikfestspiele 2024 unter dem Motto »HORIZONTE«. Viel zu selten gelingt es uns, weit hinauszuschauen bis zum Horizont, wo Himmel und Erde sich scheinbar berühren. Mithilfe unserer Fantasie können wir noch viel weiter blicken, alle Horizonte hinter uns und unsere Gedanken im Universum schweifen lassen. Nicht selten schafft es die Musik, uns aus dem Alltag hinaus in die freie Ebene zu führen, wo die Reise in Richtung Horizont beginnt. Das größte Vergnügen ist es für mich, gemeinsam mit Ihnen die Horizontlinien zu überschreiten und mit den Programmen der Musikfestspiele neue Konzerterlebnisse zu wagen! In der kommenden Saison feiern wir Komponist:innen, ihre Werke und Interpret:innen, die weitblickend neue Möglichkeiten in der Musik entdeckten. Allen voran ehren wir Johann Sebastian Bach, der 1733 während der verordneten Landestrauer nach dem Tod Augusts des Starken mit seiner h-Moll-Messe »das größte Kunstwerk, das die Welt je gesehen hat« (Carl Friedrich Zelter) zu komponieren begann. Wenn dagegen unser Festspielorchester gemeinsam mit Concerto Köln unter dem Dirigenten Kent Nagano »Die Walküre« auf Originalinstrumenten aufführt, wird die visionäre Leistung eines Richard Wagner auf ganz neue Art plastisch erlebbar. Entdecken Sie die kommende Generation von expressiven und dem Horizont entgegenstürmenden Musikerinnen und Musikern in der »Nacht der jungen Stars«, beim Konzert des Shootingstars aus Island, Laufey, oder der Dresdner Band Ätna. Vielleicht finden wir bei diesen Horizontüberschreitungen sogar eine neue Gelassenheit, wenn wir realisieren, dass die Welt dahinter einfach weitergeht.

Personae are fictional, specific and archetypal characters that are applied as prototypical representatives of specific user and target groups. They help companies to further develop their products by enabling them to better reflect the needs, goals and expectations of customers. Personae are thus used to ensure that the company's products are aligned with the needs and expectations of its customers. In the current context of the emerging sustainability discourse in society, further potential of the method becomes apparent: in the context of the orientation for product development, which focuses on the sustainability of the development. This article is intended to serve as a basis for further work to the targeted integration of sustainability aspects into the persona method.

The development of climate-friendly products is a growing challenge for manufacturing companies facing increasingly serious concerns about global warming and the importance of environmental protection. Design engineers have a shared responsibility to realize sustainable products with the minimum environmental impact as possible. To address this challenge, the engineering perspective was analyzed and described using a systematic methodological approach. This approach is demonstrated in this paper by means of a workshop and a persona description. The outcome enables user-centered analysis and proposed solutions specifically focusing on information perspectives in design engineering.

Für die Entwicklung zukünftiger Produkte müssen die Bedürfnisse von Kunden im künftigen Umfeld antizipiert werden. Anhand von Szenarien können relevante Eigenschaften für zukünftige Produkte abgeleitet und in Produktprofile überführt werden. Eine Veränderung der Zukunft gegenüber der erwarteten Zukunft und der daran angelehnten strategischen Ausrichtung, die zu Beginn getroffen wurde, bedingt die Notwendigkeit von Änderungen an den Produkten und der Anpassung der Planungen. Eine entsprechende Methodik zum kontinuierlichen Abgleich von geplanten Produkteigenschaften und -profilen gegenüber der Zukunftsentwicklung besteht bislang nicht. In einem ersten Schritt soll daher in der vorliegenden Arbeit ein Konzept für ein Beschreibungsmodell zur Verortung von Produktprofilen im zukünftigen Umfeld entwickelt werden. Dabei werden morphologiebasiert erstellte Szenarien auf Basis von Schlüsselfaktoren und Projektionen in die Zukunft zugrunde gelegt. Für das Produktprofil wird ein äquivalentes Szenario erstellt und die Übereinstimmung mit den vorliegenden Szenarien überprüft. Experten bewerten und wählen hierzu die am besten übereinstimmende Projektion je Schlüsselfaktor im aus. Die Verortung und Bewertung von Produktprofilen im Zukunftsraum ermöglicht die frühzeitige Erkennung von Abweichungen gegenüber der strategischen Ausrichtung, was Anpassungen am Produktprofil oder der strategischen Ausrichtung rechtfertigen kann. Im Rahmen eines studentischen Entwicklungsprojekts wurde das Konzept erfolgreich angewendet. Anschließende Forschungsvorhaben befassen sich mit der Weiterentwicklung des vorgestellten Beschreibungsmodells.