(La0.67Sr0.33MnO3)£»(SrO), LSMO214(n=1) in short, is 2-D magnetic insulator with a structure very similar to the 3D La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 and La0.67Ca0.33MnO3, 113(n=1) in short, which consists of superstructure of a subsequent magnetic layers and insulating layers. Forming a single 214 phase bulk is not easy, a mix phase of 2<n<¡Û compounds is usually seen. Due to the lattice mismatch between Substrate and bulk,strain has been an important factors of magnetic resistance and electrical properties. Studying single layer and multi-layer films,we find because the small of growth condition scope and lattice mismatch,the LSMO214 films consists mix phases of higher n.

The Medievalist and philosophical Theologian Marilyn McCord Adams argues that the standard treatments of evil in Anglo-American philosophy of religeon are overtly abstract respecting both evil and God. She contends that the typical focus on moral evil detracts from attention to horrendous evils, or horrific individual suffering, which is the most difficult class of evils to reconcile with the Christian faith. Adams also argues that we can satisfactorily account for why horrors occur and how God can defeat them if and only if we interpret God and creatures as being ontologically incommensurate, which precludes the commonplace among analytic philosophers that divine goodness is moral goodness. on Adams's interpretation, these moves will require substantial reworkings of traditional Christian teachings on sin, eschatology, and related doctrines.

by Mike McKenna & Stavros A. Zenios. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [7]). / Supported by the National Science Foundation. ECS-8718971 CCR-8811135 Supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. 89-0145 Supported by Thinking Machines Corp.

miRNAs are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression which play vital roles in the arrays of physiological processes, including skin and hair follicle (HF) development. In this study, the role for miR-214 in the skin and HF development and their postnatal physiological regeneration was investigated. miR-214 exhibits discrete expression patterns in the epidermis and HF in developing and postnatal skin, and is highly expressed in the epithelial stem cells and their lineage-committed progenies. The effects of miR-214 on HF morphogenesis and cycle progression were evaluated by using doxycyclineinducible miR-214 transgenic mice (K14-rtTA/TRE-miR-214). Keratinocyte specific miR-214 overexpression during skin embryogenesis resulted in the partial inhibition of HF induction and formation of the HF reduced in size producing thinner hair. Overexpression of miR-214 in telogen skin caused retardation of the anagen progression and HF growth. Inhibitory effects of miR- 214 on HF development and cycling were associated with supressed activity of stem cells, reduced proliferation in the hair matrix, and altered differentiation. miR-214 induced complex changes in gene expression programs in keratinocytes, including inhibition of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases and several essential components of Wnt, Edar, Shh and Bmp signalling pathways, whereas β-catenin acts as a novel conserved miR-214 target. Indeed, the inhibitory effects of miR-214 on HF development were rescued by intracutaneous delivery of pharmacological Wnt activator. Thus, this study demonstrated that by targeting β-catenin and, therefore, interfering with Wnt signalling activity miR-214 may act as one of the upstream effectors of the signalling cascades which govern HF morphogenesis and cycling.

This thesis explores possibilities that arise from regarding theodicy as the activity of descriptive understanding of Christian belief and practice as found in the classical theistic framework. First, any theodicy as an activity is analysed in terms of the role of philosophy, the place of epistemology, the basis of theology, and the taking of an apologetic stance. It is then argued that traditional approaches to theodicy suffer from methodological weaknesses which derive from formulating theodicy in terms of unbelief, and from strictly theoretical analysis. The superiority of philosophical description is argued as better suited to understanding religious belief as held in the community of believers, with especial reference to relationships that hold between language and reality. A critical exploration follows of the approach to theodicy of a proponent of philosophical description, D.Z. Phillips, and consideration is given to the status of evaluations made by believers. In the light of this critique, two attempts are made to describe the shape of Christian theodicy using the interperson model of theological language. The first attempt, based on a description of actual interpersonal relationships, is found eventually to be open to serious objections. A second attempt is then made, based not only on interpersonal language, but using a distinction between "surface" and "depth" in religious language, and by arguing for the presence of an epistemological "direction" in religious belief. On this basis, a Theodicy of Dependence is developed as best describing the shape of Christian belief held in a world which is frequently hostile.

D. B. Armstrong. / "October 4, 1951." / Bibliography: p. 15. / Army Signal Corps Contract DA36-039 sc-100, Project no. 8-102B-0. Dept. of the Army Project no. 3-99-10-022. Bureau of Ordinance Contract NOrd 9661.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医科学) / 甲第21695号 / 医科博第99号 / 新制||医科||7(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医科学専攻 / (主査)教授 生田 宏一, 教授 Shohab YOUSSEFIAN, 教授 齊藤 博英 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Yes / Skin development is governed by complex programs of gene activation and silencing, including microRNA-dependent modulation of gene expression. Here, we show that miR-214 regulates skin morphogenesis and hair follicle (HF) cycling by targeting β-catenin, a key component of the Wnt signaling pathway. miR-214 exhibits differential expression patterns in the skin epithelium, and its inducible overexpression in keratinocytes inhibited proliferation, which resulted in formation of fewer HFs with decreased hair bulb size and thinner hair production. The inhibitory effects of miR-214 on HF development and cycling were associated with altered activities of multiple signaling pathways, including decreased expression of key Wnt signaling mediators β-catenin and Lef-1, and were rescued by treatment with pharmacological Wnt activators. Finally, we identify β-catenin as one of the conserved miR-214 targets in keratinocytes. These data provide an important foundation for further analyses of miR-214 as a key regulator of Wnt pathway activity and stem cell functions during normal tissue homeostasis, regeneration, and aging.

miRNAs are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression which play vital roles in the arrays of physiological processes, including skin and hair follicle (HF) development. In this study, the role for miR-214 in the skin and HF development and their postnatal physiological regeneration was investigated. miR-214 exhibits discrete expression patterns in the epidermis and HF in developing and postnatal skin, and is highly expressed in the epithelial stem cells and their lineage-committed progenies. The effects of miR-214 on HF morphogenesis and cycle progression were evaluated by using doxycyclineinducible miR-214 transgenic mice (K14-rtTA/TRE-miR-214). Keratinocyte specific miR-214 overexpression during skin embryogenesis resulted in the partial inhibition of HF induction and formation of the HF reduced in size producing thinner hair. Overexpression of miR-214 in telogen skin caused retardation of the anagen progression and HF growth. Inhibitory effects of miR- 214 on HF development and cycling were associated with supressed activity of stem cells, reduced proliferation in the hair matrix, and altered differentiation. miR-214 induced complex changes in gene expression programs in keratinocytes, including inhibition of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases and several essential components of Wnt, Edar, Shh and Bmp signalling pathways, whereas 􀁅-catenin acts as a novel conserved miR-214 target. Indeed, the inhibitory effects of miR-214 on HF development were rescued by intracutaneous delivery of pharmacological Wnt activator. Thus, this study demonstrated that by targeting 􀁅-catenin and, therefore, interfering with Wnt signalling activity miR-214 may act as one of the upstream effectors of the signalling cascades which govern HF morphogenesis and cycling.

In addition to the well-characterized Induced Pluripotent Stem cells (iPSCs) that closely resemble Embryonic Stem cells (ESCs), a recent study has proven the existence of a stable state, resembling partially reprogrammed cells, termed F-class iPSCs. To study these distinct iPSC states, a reprogramming dataset has been generated, featuring the parallel analysis of multiple molecular platforms. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA regulators of gene expression whose critical role in reprogramming is now being realized. In the present study, small RNA deep sequencing data from this novel reprogramming dataset was used to identify miRNAs that are likely to enhance reprogramming by detecting significantly up-regulated miRNAs in ESC-like iPSCs versus F-class iPSCs. These candidate miRNAs were cloned and overexpressed in reprogramming mouse embryonic fibroblasts and their effect on reprogramming efficiency was measured. miR-214 was discovered to increase iPSC generation efficiency, marking the first reprogramming-related role for this microRNA.