In addition to the well-characterized Induced Pluripotent Stem cells (iPSCs) that closely resemble Embryonic Stem cells (ESCs), a recent study has proven the existence of a stable state, resembling partially reprogrammed cells, termed F-class iPSCs. To study these distinct iPSC states, a reprogramming dataset has been generated, featuring the parallel analysis of multiple molecular platforms. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA regulators of gene expression whose critical role in reprogramming is now being realized. In the present study, small RNA deep sequencing data from this novel reprogramming dataset was used to identify miRNAs that are likely to enhance reprogramming by detecting significantly up-regulated miRNAs in ESC-like iPSCs versus F-class iPSCs. These candidate miRNAs were cloned and overexpressed in reprogramming mouse embryonic fibroblasts and their effect on reprogramming efficiency was measured. miR-214 was discovered to increase iPSC generation efficiency, marking the first reprogramming-related role for this microRNA.

An abstract is a reduced scholarly document crucial for relevant scientific articles and full text documents selection. Therefore abstracts should briefly and clearly represent the full text content. The aim of this research is to construct proper structure, which would be internationally as well as interdisciplinary applied, primarily within the European Union. The structure used in the research was supposed to be evaluated as the most suitable one by the experts. There were 2 material science journals (100 abstracts from each journal) selected. Those samples were analysed in freeware Weft QDA, designed for content analysis of text documents. Sample abstracts were based on the content analysis resulting data. The samples were evaluated by material science experts in the survey. The most common combination of categories in original abstracts were background, methodology and results. The repsonses of surveys pointed out, that the recommended abstract include all necessary information and exclude the redundant ones.

Background: Myocardial apoptosis plays an important role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Activation of PI3K/Akt signaling protects the myocardium from I/R injury. This study investigated the role of miR-214 in hypoxia/ reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cell damage in vitro and myocardial I/R injury in vivo. Methods and Results: H9C2 cardiomyoblasts were transfected with lentivirus expressing miR-214 (LmiR-214) or lentivirus expressing scrambled miR-control (LmiR-control) respectively, to establish cell lines of LmiR-214 and LmiR-control. The cells were subjected to hypoxia for 4 h followed by reoxygenation for 24 h. Transfection of LmiR-214 suppresses PTEN expression, significantly increases the levels of Akt phosphorylation, markedly attenuates LDH release, and enhances the viability of the cells subjected to H/R. In vivo transfection of mouse hearts with LmiR-214 significantly attenuates I/R induced cardiac dysfunction and reduces I/Rinduced myocardial infarct size. LmiR-214 transfection significantly attenuates I/Rinduced myocardial apoptosis and caspase-3/7 and caspase-8 activity. Increased expression of miR-214 by transfection of LmiR-214 suppresses PTEN expression, increases the levels of phosphorylated Akt, represses Bim1 expression and induces Bad phosphorylation in the myocardium. In addition, in vitro data shows transfection of miR-214 mimics to H9C2 cells suppresses the expression and translocation of Bim1 from cytosol to mitochondria and induces Bad phosphorylation. Conclusions: Our in vitro and in vivo data suggests that miR-214 protects cells from H/R induced damage and attenuates I/R induced myocardial injury. The mechanisms involve activation of PI3K/Akt signaling by targeting PTEN expression, induction of Bad phosphorylation, and suppression of Bim1 expression, resulting in decreases in I/R-induced myocardial apoptosis.

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-06-22T13:47:28Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T13:47:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-06-22T13:47:28Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T13:47:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Neste trabalho foram determinadas as concentrações dos radionuclídeos naturais 226Ra, 232Th e 40K em amostras de granitos e mármores, abrangendo as principais lavras de extração do estado do Espírito Santo, sudeste do Brasil. Para cada sítio de estudo, três amostras foram seladas em frascos de 100 ml de polietileno de alta densidade. Após espera de aproximadamente 4 semanas para atingir o equilíbrio secular das séries do 238U e 232Th, as amostras foram medidas por espectrometria gama de alta resolução e o espectro analisado com o software WinnerGamma. A correção da auto-absorção foi realizada para todas as amostras utilizando expressão e método desenvolvidos para este fim. A concentração do 226Ra foi determinada pela média ponderada das concentrações do 214Pb e 214Bi, a concentração de 232Th pela média ponderada das concentrações dos 228Ac, 212Pb e 212Bi e a concentração de 40K pela sua transição única de 1460 keV. O equivalente em rádio e o índice gama foram obtidos a partir das concentrações de 226Ra, 232Th e 40K. O radônio emanado foi medido em câmera de exalação usando a técnica de detectores passivos de estado sólido (SSNTD) sendo estes expostos em monitor NRPB/SSI-H. Na exposição foi utilizado um detector comercial CR-39® e um plástico de fabricação nacional denominado Durolon® sendo caracterizado para este fim pela técnica desenvolvida denominada dupla exposição e fator de sensibilidade intrínseca. O plástico caracterizado mostrou-se eficiente para a aplicação e o fator de calibração correspondendo a 1,6±0,1 traços cm²(kBq m³dia)¹ em relação ao fator para o CR-39 que equivale a 2,8±0,2 traços cm²(kBq m³dia)¹. O detector mostrou maior eficiência para doses mais elevadas. A atividade determinada por detecção passiva mostrou atividades variando de 100±10 Bq·m³ até 2400±300 Bq·m³, destacando-se a maior taxa de exalação para o granito Iberê Mombasa. Para os mármores foram determinados valores variando entre 80±10 Bq·m³ até 200±25 Bq·m³ destacando os mármores Cintilante e Branco com maiores valores determinados. Os valores determinados para a taxa de exalação superficial apresentam-se aproximadamente iguais com exceção dos granitos Iberê Mombasa e Iberê Prado que apresentaram valores acima de 1 Bqm-2h-1. As medidas por espectrometria gama mostraram que as concentrações de 226Ra variaram de 1,9 0,2 Bq.kg-1 a 483 55 Bq.kg-1, com o maior valor para o granito Iberê Mombasa. As concentrações de 232Th variaram de 3,2 0,4 Bq.kg-1 a 224 6 Bq.kg-1, com o maior valor determinado para o granito Cinza Corumbá. As concentrações de 40K variaram de 8,8 1,8 Bq.kg-1 a 1642 167 Bq.kg-1, com o maior valor determinado para o granito Iberê Vitara. O cálculo do equivalente em rádio mostrou que a maioria das amostras podem ser definidas como categoria-I (aplicação civil) abaixo de 370 Bq.kg-1, exceto para os granitos Cinza Corumbá, Iberê Crema Bordeaux e Iberê Mombasa que podem ser classificados como categoria II (até 740 Bq.kg-1). A maioria dos granitos avaliados mostraram índices de exposição interno e externos abaixo de 1,0 mSv·ano¹, exceto os granitos Cinza Corumbá, Iberê Crema Bordeaux e Iberê Mombasa que superaram este valor entre 1,0 a 3,2 mSv·ano¹ deste índice. Para a exposição anual, apenas os granitos Cinza Corumbá, Iberê Crema Bordeaux e Iberê Mombasa superaram o limite de 1,5 mSv·ano¹. Para os índices de exposição alfa apenas os granito Iberê Crema Bordeaux e Iberê Mombasa são limitados a confecção de material de construção para aplicações superficiais. Entretanto, se considerando o índice de exposição gama, os granitos Cinza Corumbá, Cinza Andorinha, Amarelo Icarai, Cinza Ocre, Iberê Crema Bordeaux e Iberê Mombasa terão aplicação controlada. Conclui-se que os granitos em sua maioria e todos os mármores avaliados apresentam aplicações possíveis em diferentes setores de atividade e para diferentes finalidades e que os granitos que excedem os índices não devam ser aplicados em interiores de residências. / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

We imitated the sandwich structure of TMR(Tunneling Magnetoresistance) to apply to CMR(Colossal Magnetoresistance) material . We choose one of the Colossal Magnetoresistance material La0.67Sr0.33MnO3(113) to be the Ferromagnetic(FM) layers as top and bottom layer in sandwich structure and use La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 ¡P SrO(214) to be middle layer which have Antiferromagnetic(AFM) property to form FM-AFM-FM structure. The FM and AFM layer can match their lattice in interface joint. What its purpose is to use this structure to enhance SPT (Spin Polarization Tunneling) effect and let spintronics can periodical spin-flip in supper lattice structure of antiferromagnetic. Upon this compose we try to show increase the LFMR (Low Field Magnetoresistance) by use CMR. The experiment result shows maybe the film structure damage occurred in our made TMR tunneling device process (ex. Ion etching process), so we should improvement the process to get the exactly experiment data. Additional, due to the alignment of the moment of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 is unstable, the back and forth hysteresis loop can¡¦t overlap, So that afterwards we can use the more stable material La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 which have more stable moment.

No description available.

No description available.

[EN] The aim of this Thesis is to analyse furniture as a constituent part of the modern architectural project for "manufacturing the interior". The domestic space is analysed as a concrete study case, in an itinerary through several works from some authors that are essential to understand the evolution of the contemporary architecture. Although these pieces of furniture are autonomous objects with a defined formal structure, they form a consistent whole with the space where they are placed, because they have been generated from the same laws and with the same creative premises. This Thesis is formed by four parts: The first part studies the relation between the architecture and the furniture designed by a selection of architects from the historical avant-gardes of the 20th century. During this period, the bases of the contemporary furniture design were set. The avant-garde architecture discovers the need for a furniture in accordance with the new principles and available to all social classes. The economic and cultural context was not ready for the mass production of furniture, so these objectives couldn't be accomplished. The different positions taken regarding the relation between architecture and furniture are the antecedents for the rest of the study. In the second part, after World War II, the furniture designed by architects was finally mass-produced, due to the technical improvements and the new materials and, especially, with a new attitude of collaboration between architects and industry that made great achievements. The third part studies the contemporary relation between architecture and furniture from a multiple point of view. On one hand, industry has spread the contemporary design globally, taking it to wider sectors of the population, finally achieving the dream of the avant-gardes. On the other hand, architects go in depth into the relation between architecture and furniture, experimenting new forms according to new ways of dwelling. Part of the contemporary architecture voluntarily chooses to restrain the shapes and materials in order to allow the users a full sensorial approach to architecture and furniture. The forth part of the study describes the relation between architecture and furniture from the experience and the daily practice of the author's professional work. The author designs furniture from an architectural basis and is convinced that it needs to be developed in consistency with the surrounding space so architecture may display all its sensorial potential. Thus, this study wants to stress the importance of the relation between furniture and architecture, being furniture a linking element between the place and its inhabitant that enhances the experience of dwelling. / [ES] El propósito de este trabajo de investigación es analizar el mobiliario como parte constituyente del proyecto arquitectónico moderno en la ¿fabricación del interior¿ tomando como caso concreto de estudio el espacio doméstico, a través de un recorrido por diversas obras de autores imprescindibles para entender el devenir de la arquitectura contemporánea. Aunque esos muebles existan como objetos autónomos con una estructura formal definida, forman un conjunto coherente con el espacio en que se sitúan ya que se han generado desde las mismas leyes y con las mismas premisas proyectuales. La tesis está estructurada en cuatro partes: la primera parte de este trabajo estudia la relación entre la arquitectura y el mobiliario diseñado por una selección de arquitectos correspondientes a las vanguardias históricas del siglo XX. Es durante este periodo cuando se asientan las bases de lo que va a ser el diseño del mobiliario contemporáneo. Por un lado, la arquitectura de vanguardia detecta la necesidad de crear un mobiliario acorde con los nuevos principios y a su vez poder llegar a todas las clases sociales. Idea que, sin embargo, no llega a desarrollarse en toda su intensidad al no ser producido en serie ya que el contexto económico y cultural no están aún preparados. Las diferentes posiciones adoptadas respecto a la relación entre la arquitectura y el mobiliario en este primer capítulo servirán como antecedentes para el resto del trabajo. En la segunda parte, tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial, los muebles diseñados por arquitectos llegan a la producción en serie aprovechando los avances técnicos de la industria y los nuevos materiales y, sobre todo, con una nueva actitud y relación de colaboración entre ambos, produciendo grandes resultados. La tercera parte estudia la relación entre mobiliario y arquitectura en la actualidad desde una perspectiva múltiple. Por un lado, la industria ha globalizado el diseño contemporáneo y lo ha llevado a capas más amplias de la población, cumpliendo finalmente el sueño de las vanguardias. Por otro lado, los arquitectos continúan profundizando en la relación entre arquitectura y mobiliario experimentando nuevas formas acordes con nuevos modos de habitar. Una parte de la arquitectura actual opta voluntariamente por reducir las formas y los materiales utilizados para permitir una aproximación sensorial plena a la arquitectura y el mobiliario por parte de sus usuarios. La cuarta parte de este trabajo describe la relación entre arquitectura y mobiliario desde la experiencia y la práctica cotidiana del trabajo profesional del autor. Partiendo de la arquitectura, el autor aborda el diseño de mobiliario desde la convicción de que son necesarios unos muebles desarrollados coherentemente con el espacio que los acoge para que la arquitectura despliegue todo su potencial sensorial. Así pues, este estudio busca dejar patente la relación entre el mobiliario y la arquitectura de forma que éste actúa como elemento de enlace entre un lugar y la persona que lo vive amplificando la percepción de la experiencia de habitar. / [CA] L'objectiu d'aquest treball d'investigació és analitzar el mobiliari com a part constituent del projecte arquitectònic modern en la "fabricació de l'interior", prenent com a cas concret d'estudi l'espai domèstic a través d'un recorregut per distintes obres d'autors imprescindibles per entendre l'esdevenir de l'arquitectura contemporània. Encara que aquests mobles existeixin com objectes autònoms amb una estructura formal definida, formen un conjunt coherent amb l'espai en què es situen perquè s'han generat des de les mateixes lleis i amb les mateixes premisses de projecte. La tesi està estructurada en quatre parts: la primera part del treball estudia la relació entre l'arquitectura i el mobiliari dissenyat per una selecció d'arquitectes corresponents a les avantguardes històriques del segle XX. Al llarg d'aquest període es fixen les bases del que serà el disseny del mobiliari contemporani. Per un costat, l'arquitectura d'avantguarda detecta la necessitat de crear un mobiliari que estiga d'acord amb els nous principis i, al mateix temps, que puga arribar a totes les classes socials. Tanmateix, aquesta idea no arriba a desenvolupar-se amb tota la seu intensitat al no ser produïts en sèrie, donat que els contexts econòmic i cultural no estan encara preparats. Les diferents posicions adoptades respecte a la relació entre l'arquitectura i el mobiliari en aquest primer capítol serviran com antecedents per a la resta del treball. En la segona part, després de la Segona Guerra Mundial, els mobles dissenyats per arquitectes assoleixen la producció en sèrie tot aprofitant les millores tècniques de la indústria i els nous materials i, en primer lloc, amb una nova actitud i relació de col·laboració entre tots dos que produeix grans resultats. La tercera part estudia la relació entre l'arquitectura i el mobiliari en l'actualitat des d'una perspectiva múltiple. D'una banda, la indústria ha globalitzat el disseny contemporani i l'ha portat a estrats més amplis de la població, tot acomplint el somni de les avantguardes. D'una altra banda, els arquitectes continuen aprofundint en al relació entre arquitectura i mobiliari, experimentant noves formes d'acord amb nous modes d'habitar. Una part de l'arquitectura actual opta voluntàriament per reduir les formes i els materials utilitzats per a permetre una aproximació sensorial plena a l'arquitectura i el mobiliari per part dels seus usuaris. La quarta part d'aquest treball descriu la relació entre arquitectura i mobiliari des d'experiència i la pràctica quotidiana del treball professional de l'autor. A partir de l'arquitectura, l'autor aborda el disseny de mobiliari des de la convicció de què són necessaris uns mobles dissenyats de forma coherent amb l'espai que els acull per tal què l'arquitectura desplegue tot el seu potencial sensorial. Així doncs, aquest estudi vol fer palesa la relació entre el mobiliari i l'arquitectura de manera que el primer actua com a element d'enllaç entre un lloc i la persona que hi viu, tot amplificant l'experiència d'habitar. / Esteve Cambra, JR. (2016). La fabricación del interior. Arquitectura y mobiliario en la contemporaneidad [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/61779

The main source of omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in our diet is supplied by fish, and an ever-increasing proportion of these are being produced by aquaculture. The drive for the growing market demand and production from sustainable sources has led to the use of high-energy (fat) diets and, recently, to the replacement of fishmeal and fish oil with non-marine components, such as plant meals and vegetable oils that are devoid of n-3 LC-PUFA. Both changes impact greatly on lipid and fatty acid metabolism in fish, with health implications for the fish and the human consumer. This impact highlights the need to investigate the basic molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of lipid and fatty acid metabolism in fish, specifically focussing on the pathways of lipid homeostasis and LC-PUFA synthesis. The aim of this study was to develop and utilise Chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214) cell line as a model for Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., to enable an integrated approach to study the biochemical and molecular regulation of lipid metabolism in fish. In particular, α-linolenic acid (LNA, 18:3n-3) and linoleic acid (LOA, 18:2n-6), which are essential fatty acids abundantly found in vegetable oils, and are precursors of LC-PUFA, were supplemented in combination with other fatty acids, to explore the effect of these on total lipid content, lipid class, FA composition and gene expression of CHSE-214 cell line. Total lipid content was extracted, followed by determination of lipid class and fatty acid analyses. Gene expression analyses of transcription/nuclear factors and various target genes in Atlantic salmon, including those involved in pathways of LC-PUFA synthesis and fatty acid oxidation, were carried out. The results demonstrated that CHSE-214 cell line, under experimental conditions, is able to convert LNA to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), and LOA to arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6), but not LNA and/or EPA to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), highlighting the activity of elongase and desaturase enzymes during the conversion process. Changes occurring on the fatty acid profile and also at molecular level were observed. Understanding the role that transcription factors play in the regulation of lipid biosynthesis in fish will allow endogenous LC-PUFA synthesis to be optimised. The results from this study could be used to improve the efficiency of alternative, sustainable diets in aquaculture, while maintaining the nutritional quality of farmed fish for the final consumer. CHSE-214 cell line can therefore be used as a model to study the molecular mechanisms involved in the LC-PUFA biosynthesis, particularly in the conversion of LNA to EPA, which can then be reproduced in vivo, saving time and money.