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京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(地域研究) / 乙第12863号 / 論地博第17号 / 新制||地||58(附属図書館) / 31543 / 京都大学大学院文学研究科言語学専攻 / (主査)教授 梶 茂樹, 教授 重田 眞義, 教授 木村 大治, 教授 松田 素二 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Area Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

This dissertation examines some of the stories in 1 Sam. 16—25 with the particular focus placed on Saul, Doeg, Nabal and the “son of Jesse.” It seeks to discover new meaning in the structure as well as in the characters’ functions in the narratives by studying the stories synchronically and diachronically. One of the mysterious characters in 1 Samuel that has puzzled many a scholar is Nabal the Calebite. This study offers a new scrutiny of his person by paying closer attention to the elements of Nabal’s characterization in 1 Sam. 25 and by considering the role of the geographic setting in providing a contextual backdrop against which the actions of all of the characters of the narrative in general and Nabal in particular can be better understood. Additionally, in order to perceive who Nabal really was and to penetrate deeper into the nature of his abuses of the “son of Jesse,” an attempt is made to read the story against the background of the political environment during the latter period of Saul’s reign. Much in the same way this work studies the function of the character of Doeg the Edomite in 1 Sam. 21 and 22. A few elements of Doeg’s characterization contribute to the mystery of his person. This work aims to offer a solution to the puzzle of Doeg’s identity and explain the nature of his relationship with King Saul as well as his role in 1 Sam. 21—22 by focusing on three areas of his characterization: his Edomite origin, his particular business in Nob and his official status in Saul’s court. The phrase the “son of Jesse” is quite important in 1 Samuel and serves a particular purpose in the thematic development in the second half of the book. Viewed against the background of the Saul/David relationship, it underscores the superiority of the Davidic person in advancing the divine plan for the nation of Israel. Saul’s negative use of the phrase is a sign of his rebellion against Yahweh. Equally, Doeg and Nabal, who join the king in persecuting David, infuse the phrase with additional negative elements. The determination of the historical context for the making of the book(s) of Samuel is the key to understanding the multilayered messages embedded in the stories. All of the main characters in 1 Sam. 16—25 appear to be typical, as the events themselves are carriers of the deep meaning. This study makes an attempt to determine the purposes of the writer(s) of the book(s) of Samuel by paying closer attention to the various patterns in the structure of 1 Sam. 16—25. The roles of history and ideology in making these stories are also considered with the proposal that the making of the book(s) of Samuel after the Exile (5th c. B.C.) might have been instigated by the writer’s desire to create the context needed for further development of the messianic ideas.

This thesis examines the concept of multiculturalism and its equivalence in Islam. It investigates the Islamic core sources of the Qur'an and <i>Sunnah</i> (Sayings of the Prophet Muhammad) in relation to the ‘other’, i.e. those who are seen as different.  In this view, the thesis looks into the Qur'anic injunctions and those Prophetic traditions that deal with issues concerned with the treatment of non-Muslims, their status in Islam, and the Islamic codes of ethics and conduct that outline the basics of the relationship between Muslims and non-Muslims, with a particular reference to <i>Ahl Al-Kitāb</i>, i.e. the People of the Book, in multicultural diverse context.  By highlighting these issues the thesis aims to explore the Islamic theoretical concept of multiculturalism and the contribution this framework can make to diverse multicultural societies in our present time. To draw on the application part of the Qur'anic perspective in relation to others, this work examines two historical documents that represent the early Muslim applications of the Qur'anic code of conduct with regards to non-Muslims. The first is the “document of Madīnah” which was concluded by the Prophet Muhammad in the first year of <i>Hijrah</i> (622 CE) in the context of Madīnah of Arabia. The second document is ‘Umar’s Assurance of Safety’ that was granted by the second Caliph ‘Umar Ibn Al-Khattāb to the Christians of Aelia (Jerusalem) shortly after the first Muslim conquest of 637 CE. The objective of this study is to create a paradigm through which Islam as a major religion can contribute to the discourse of multiculturalism in terms of building bridges between Muslims and their non-Muslim fellows.  This work investigates how Islam looks at difference and diversity and the basics on which the relation between Muslims and non-Muslims stands.

Scholars have researched various aspects of animal imagery in the Hebrew Bible, but there is, to date, no investigation which concentrates exclusively on the animal metaphors in the book of Jeremiah.  This thesis seeks to bring to light this neglected area of study.  This study examines the language and imagery of the animal metaphors for the nation of Israel and considers the contribution they make to the theology of the book.  Since different interpretations have been given to many of the metaphors in question, our in-depth study of these metaphors endeavours to solve some of the questions regarding the meaning of these images. Chapter one spells out the approach taken in the investigation.  The major theoretical approaches to metaphor are discussed and the theory of Eva Kittay is chosen as the methodological basis.  Chapters two, three and four comprise the body of the investigation.  Eighteen metaphors are analysed, grouped into three categories, each of which constitutes a chapter: pastoral metaphors, mammal metaphors, and bird metaphors.  Each metaphor is analysed by using the same basic three-step procedure.  First the metaphor is identified, its limits are clearly defined, and, when there is question, it is established that we are in fact dealing with a metaphor for the nation of Israel.  Second, the text-critical problems of the passage are addressed, and third, the imagery of the vehicle is clarified, as well as what it tells us and how the vehicle informs us about the topic. Our study shows animal metaphors are essential elements of the message of the book of Jeremiah and make important theological claims about the nation of Israel.  For example, several of the animal metaphors assert that Israel’s apostasy has run so deep that she is unable to mend her broken relationship with Yahweh.  The restoration of Israel to Yahweh can be accomplished only through a unilateral act of Yahweh.

The thesis intends to provide a better understanding of the text and the background of the Valentinian treatise, Nag Hammadi Codex, I,5. The Introduction studies the manuscript (date and provenance, purpose, scribal signs, quality), the text (an anonymous and untitled treatise, originally written in Greek, representing the Oriental branch of Valentinianism, date most likely second half of the 3rd. cent. A.D.), the language (a form of Subachmimic, with numerous orthographic and grammatical peculiar ities). A brief survey of the system is also provided, where it is regarded from three different angles. The Translation is primarily meant as an attempt to elucidate the difficult, and inadequately understood, Coptic text, and as an index to the following Commentary. The Commentary discusses the translation and relates each passage to the treatise as a whole, and to the system it contains. Valentinian themes and technical terms are pointed out and analysed systematically. The broader religious and philosophical background for the ideas contained in the treatise have also been explored. A special effort has been made to relate the system of the treatise not only to Gnostic documents, Christian literature and Late Jewish material, but also to Philosophy, and in particular to the emanationist physics of Neopythagoreanism and Neoplatonism.