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<p>Ultra/Luminous infrared galaxies (U/LIRGs) are some of the most amazing systems in the local universe exhibiting extreme star formation triggered by mergers. Since molecular gas is the fuel for star formation, studying the warm, dense gas associated with star formation is important in understanding the processes and timescales controlling star formation in mergers. We have used high resolution (∼2.3”) observations of the local LIRG Arp 299 to map out the physical properties of the molecular gas. The molecular lines 12CO J=3-2, 12CO J=2-1 and 13CO J=2-1 were observed with the Submillimeter Array and the short spacings of the 12CO J=3-2 and J=2-1 observations have been recovered using James Clerk Maxwell Telescope single dish observations. We use the radiative transfer code RADEX to measure the physical properties such as density and temperature of the different regions in this system. The RADEX solutions of the two galaxy nuclei, IC 694 and NGC 3690, show two gas components: a warm moderately dense gas with T_kin ∼ 30-500 K (up to 1000K for NGC3690) and n(H2)~0.3-3×10^3 cm^−3 and a cold dense gas with T_kin~10-30 K and n(H2) > 3 × 10^3 cm^−3. The overlap region is shown to have a well-constrained solution with T_kin ∼ 10-30 K and n(H2)~3-30 × 10^3 cm^−3. We estimate the gas masses and star formation rates of each region in order to derive molecular gas depletion times. The depletion time of each region is found to be about 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of normal spiral galaxies. This can be probably explained by a higher fraction of dense gas in Arp 299 than in normal disk galaxies.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

Nesta pesquisa analisamos passagens de A História dos Mensageiros e dos Reis, obra histórica de a&#7789;-&#7788;abar&#299;, estudioso que viveu entre os séculos nono e décimo da era cristã, no Iraque. A análise compreende o período em que governou o califa al-Ma\'m&#363;n (198- 218 a.H./813-833 e.c.) e o momento anterior a isso, quando houve o conflito pelo califado entre esse califa e seu irmão, al-\'Am&#299;n. Investigando premissas de políticas oficiais que favorecem ou desfavorecem a comunidade dos muçulmanos e de paradigmas religiosos que servem de guia para a compreensão da história do islã, corroboramos duas hipóteses acerca do escopo da História dos Mensageiros e dos Reis: a centralidade de sua preocupação com a comunidade dos muçulmanos e a produção de reflexões históricas. Apresentamos, antes da análise, uma breve discussão historiográfica do período de a&#7789;-&#7788;abar&#299;. Durante a análise e nas considerações finais, abordamos as operações narrativas internas de sua crônica histórica. / In this research, we analyze some episodes of the History of Messengers and Kings, a&#7789;-&#7788;abar&#299;\'s historical work, who lived between the ninth and tenth century of the Christian era, in Irak. The analysis comprehends the period when al-Ma\'m&#363;n (198-218 AH/813-833 C.E.) was caliph and the moment right before it, when he was fighting against his brother al-\'Am&#299;n for the caliphate. By investigating premises of official polices which acted in favor or against the muslim community and of the religious paradigms which served as guides to the comprehension of the history of Islam, we corroborate two hypothesis about the escope of the History of the Messengers and the Kings: the centrality of its concern with the muslim community and the production of historical reflections. Before the analysis, we present a brief historical discussion of a&#7789;-&#7788;abar&#299;\'s time. During the analysis and in the final considerations, we approach the internal narrative operations of his historical chronicle.

Nesta pesquisa analisamos passagens de A História dos Mensageiros e dos Reis, obra histórica de a&#7789;-&#7788;abar&#299;, estudioso que viveu entre os séculos nono e décimo da era cristã, no Iraque. A análise compreende o período em que governou o califa al-Ma\'m&#363;n (198- 218 a.H./813-833 e.c.) e o momento anterior a isso, quando houve o conflito pelo califado entre esse califa e seu irmão, al-\'Am&#299;n. Investigando premissas de políticas oficiais que favorecem ou desfavorecem a comunidade dos muçulmanos e de paradigmas religiosos que servem de guia para a compreensão da história do islã, corroboramos duas hipóteses acerca do escopo da História dos Mensageiros e dos Reis: a centralidade de sua preocupação com a comunidade dos muçulmanos e a produção de reflexões históricas. Apresentamos, antes da análise, uma breve discussão historiográfica do período de a&#7789;-&#7788;abar&#299;. Durante a análise e nas considerações finais, abordamos as operações narrativas internas de sua crônica histórica. / In this research, we analyze some episodes of the History of Messengers and Kings, a&#7789;-&#7788;abar&#299;\'s historical work, who lived between the ninth and tenth century of the Christian era, in Irak. The analysis comprehends the period when al-Ma\'m&#363;n (198-218 AH/813-833 C.E.) was caliph and the moment right before it, when he was fighting against his brother al-\'Am&#299;n for the caliphate. By investigating premises of official polices which acted in favor or against the muslim community and of the religious paradigms which served as guides to the comprehension of the history of Islam, we corroborate two hypothesis about the escope of the History of the Messengers and the Kings: the centrality of its concern with the muslim community and the production of historical reflections. Before the analysis, we present a brief historical discussion of a&#7789;-&#7788;abar&#299;\'s time. During the analysis and in the final considerations, we approach the internal narrative operations of his historical chronicle.

This thesis analyzes class experiences of workers under flexible and precarious conditions of global neoliberal capitalism and tries to answer to what extent these conditions erode their capacities to develop antagonistic class consciousness and collective struggles. Specifically, based on a fieldwork consisting of semi-structured in-depth interviews with 24 workers living in slums of Istanbul, it deals with cultural analysis of working and daily-life experiences of workers involved in the global production of garments. Three categories of analysis are used: experiences of shame, time and necessity, which respectively suggest that, under conditions of precarity and flexibility, the workers, 1. perceive their class positions as personal and feel themselves inadequate, leading to questioning of self-worth, injuries in the self and individual - but not collective - emancipation attempts to escape from the injuring effects of class / 2. have lost not only their control over their present time through extremely long and irregular working hours / but also are ripped of their capacity to plan/organize their future / 3. live under the burden of continuous and persistent concern over necessities, which results in deep-seated sense of deprivation, impoverishment of life experiences, lack of meaning in this life, killing of hopes and consequentially experience of powerlessness. Yet, despite all these alienating experiences, there are also inchoate seeds of revolt and an alternative worldview, which confirms that class struggle exists even &ndash / and indeed (!) &ndash / in most severe conditions of alienation and will be decisive on the emancipatory dialectics of alienation / nonalienation and making / unmaking of class.

First of all, this study deals with the religiosity in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity / and investigates whether there is a relationship between the self-monitoring and these types. The important point here is that non-religious individuals were studied under this scope, as well. Another building block of the study is the relationship between religiosity and political participation forms. Just as religiosity, political participation was reviewed from a multi-dimensional point of view and conventional, unconventional and post-modern participation were investigated both in terms of non-religious, intrinsic and extrinsic religious individuals. Likewise, the relationship between political participation and self-monitoring was analyzed, as well. The important point for the study here is that no other study of a similar nature has been found neither in the national nor international literature, and that, therefore, the study will contribute to both in this sense. A questionnaire was conducted on 872 university students. Numerous analyses were conducted in this study in order to reveal the relationship among these concepts. As a result of the study, it was found that the intrinsic religiosity is associated with low-self-monitoring while the extrinsic religiosity is associated with high-self-monitoring. In addition, it was determined that self-monitoring is positively influential on the political participation. In parallel to the relationship of the self-monitoring with the religiosity, it was found out that the extrinsic religious perform more participation in every form of political participation than the intrinsic religious.

This Dissertation analyzes the conditions, problems and potential of rural women&rsquo / s empowerment through a sample of rural women&rsquo / s organizations (two women&rsquo / s cooperative, seven rural development cooperative and one village women associaton) with interpreting DAWN iniative and GAD approach with a socialist feminist perspective. In this study, it is stated that the agricultural sector policies and rural development policy were constructed in relation with the conditions of underdevelopment and thus, in relation with the agreements with IMF, WTO and IPARD Programme of EU which enforced the decreasing of agricultural sector subsidies. It is notable that these policies are formulated with an aim of increasing the influence and significance of capitalist relations in agricultural sector and rural areas without taking precautions for the survival of small sized farming households in rural areas. Despite these general influences of underdevelopment to Turkish Agricultural Sector and patriarchal gender assumptions, these women&rsquo / s organizations could be successful to some extent empowering their members with the recognized dimensions of empowerment such as / psychological, economical, social, organizational and political. All these dimensions are interrelated with each other. In this study, it was observed that while economic empowerment and psychological empowerment is the base of all other dimensions of empowerment, social empowerment and organizational empowerment are the most dynamic processes of empowerment and political empowerment is hardest dimension or outcome to achieve.

Efforts for promotion of women&rsquo / s entrepreneurship in Turkey have growing ever-more noteworthy in Turkey, in parallel to the other countries&rsquo / experiences. These efforts are ranging from creation of shared workshops by civil society organizations, entrepreneurship trainings, shared sales places to establishment of business incubators. Correspondingly, the actors involved in these activities are getting diverse. Women&rsquo / s organizations, state organizations, private enterprises, chambers and national-international development foundations are developing their own models and strategies for supporting women&rsquo / s entrepreneurship. These efforts are all can be categorized within the framework of development practice and be considered as a new strategy. As a development policy strategy women-focused entrepreneurship support activities are significant when compared with other employment generation aimed development programmes in terms of the number of project and programmes implemented and the multiplicity of the objectives they are acknowledged to serve. These programme and project based efforts targeting development of women&rsquo / s entrepreneurship are stated to have objectives of increasing women&rsquo / s employment and developing their productivity, alleviating women&rsquo / s poverty and contributing to women&rsquo / s social empowerment. In this work, it is argued that according to the objective prioritized over others, it is possible to diagnose three different paradigms guiding the practice of different actors. In this vein, economic efficiency oriented, poverty alleviation oriented and empowerment oriented approaches to women&rsquo / s entrepreneurship support. A similar conceptualization is also offered by Mayoux (2001b). This work explores different approaches to women&rsquo / s entrepreneurship support issue in Turkey using above described categorization and discusses their assumptions and implementation-process-consequences comparatively. The analysis is substantiated upon the data of 17 semi-structured interviews held with the representatives of the organizations widely involved in the area, published and unpublished reports reached and the archival data on the practices of the primary actors in the area.

This study aims to analyze the socio-economic characteristics, living and working conditions, educational profiles and the future expectations of the child workers, who have been living in tents for many years and working as agricultural workers at Karag&ouml / &ccedil / er and Kapik&ouml / y areas of Tuzla Municipality (KarataS District) of Adana Province since the early 90s after having been forced to vacate their villages in Sirnak. Thesis tries to expose the poverty, deprivation and social exclusion experienced by families and children presently living in tents in Karag&ouml / &ccedil / er and Kapik&ouml / y. It is also aimed at exposing the ways in which these people are deprived of their social and political rights as citizens. The main research question of the study is the motives behind the child labour observed in Karag&ouml / &ccedil / er and Kapik&ouml / y. The study has found that the phenomenon of child labour in this area is the direct consequence of poverty, deprivation, social exclusion and denial of citizenship rights that these families had to face as a result of forced migration early in the 90s. Therefore, the study underlines, in conceptual terms, how their unfavourable circumstances lead to deep child poverty and consequently child labour and thesis also tries to bring attention to the children&amp / #8217 / s situation by referring to their families&amp / #8217 / poverty, deprivation, social exclusion and lack of citizenship rights. In this respect, the theory section of the thesis focuses on the relation of child labour and child poverty within the conceptualization of new poverty, internal displacement (forced migration), social exclusion and citizenship rights. One of the main argument of this thesis is that children from Sirnak who work in fields in Tuzla constitutes a different category of child labour. Even though they are paid child workers working in the agricultural sector and they live like migrant seasonal agricultural workers, they are not, since they are settled in the region for a long time. Another important argument of the study is that families of these children after the evacuation of their village did not migrate to urban areas like most of the internally displaced people did but moved to rural areas. In this sense, they are also in disadvantaged condition compared to other internally displaced people since they can not benefit from many social services, which is easy to reach in urban settings. Therefore, this study makes clear that the children and their families examined in this study are the part of the worst form of poverty in Turkey.