Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum, is one of the most destructive global diseases of small cereal grains worldwide. The most devastating effect of this disease is the deposition of mycotoxins in the grain. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and its analogs 3-ADON, 15-ADON and NIV are the major mycotoxins produced by the fungus. The chemotype, 15-ADON is more prevalent in North America, but recently a chemotypic shift has been observed. The rapid emergence of the 3-ADON chemotype over the traditional 15-ADON chemotype is a major concern in North America. The studies in this thesis were focused on understanding the behaviour of the 3-ADON and 15-ADON chemotypes and the possible reasons for the rapid chemotypic shift.

Uno de los ámbitos en los que es más evidente la desigualdad estructural entre hombres y mujeres es la política institucional, es decir, el gobierno colectivo. Las decisiones acerca de la conducción de las sociedades, de manera general, siguen estando en manos de un círculo muy cerrado de varones con una asignación racial, de clase y origen familiar particular. Este trabajono se sitúa en la pregunta de cómo una sociedad ubica a las mujeres en las posiciones más vulnerables y de mayor desventaja, ni tampoco de mostrar la exclusión sexista, racista y clasista que tiene lugar como una experiencia universal para todas las mujeres. La investigación se ubica en una veta mucho menos estudiada en la que se pueden encontrar personajes que la sociedad ha catalogado como mujeres que rompieron todas las expectativas sobre su clase y posición social y han llegado a ocupar algunos de los cargos más importantes y representativos de la política colombiana. Este trabajo indaga sobre las experiencias y los discursos de mujeres que han hecho carrera política y han ocupado cargos en el Congreso Nacional (en alguna de las dos Cámaras que lo componen) o que, por lo menos, han adelantado campañas políticas para ocupar una de esas curules. Este estudio profundiza en lo que algunas analistas han denominado “las élites discriminadas”, grupos conformados por individuos que llegan a ocupar posiciones que socialmente son reconocidas, valoradas y los principales medios de ascenso social, pero cuya llegada modifica poco una estructura general marcada por la exclusión y la opresión de sus congéneres. De acuerdo a trabajos realizados que sirven como antecedente de esta tesis, lo estudios interesados en constatar los mínimos porcentajes de mujeres electas para el Congreso tienen poco que decir o, por lo menos, aportan una mínima innovación en el argumento de la escasa presencia de mujeres en las élites políticas, por lo que la línea argumentativa tiende a limitarse a la estadística y los balances numéricos. Es una obviedad encontrar que pocas se candidatizan y, por supuesto, muy pocas son electas, por ello, este esfuerzo se enfoca en establecer qué pasa con aquellas mujeres que logran superar el margen de exclusión, que logran romper las barreras y entrar a ser parte de esa élite política. Este análisis desde la filosofía política se guio por el deseo de mostrar a las mujeres como actoras, como sujetas políticas que hacen parte de un régimen que no se puede explicar desde los comportamientos, acciones, cualidades o defectos de las mujeres a título individual sino a partir de desentrañar las lógicas que subyacen a un orden político, social y económico que deja fuera de la esfera de la toma de decisiones a más de la mitad de la población. Las mujeres sujetos de esta investigación participaron con sus relatos, sus voces y sus trayectorias como medios para poner de presente un régimen de poder que estructura la manera en que ellas se identifican como sujetos, como mujeres, como políticas. / The structural inequality between men and women is mostly evident in institutional policy, ie, the collective government. Decisions about rules societies, in general, remain in hands of males with a closed racial assignment, and a particular class and family background. This work does not lie in the question of how a society places women in vulnerable positions and most disadvantaged, nor to show the sexist, racist and classist exclusion occur as a universal experience for all women. The research is located in a field less studied in which you can find subjects that society has labeled as women who broke all expectations about their class and social position and have come to occupy some of the most important and representative offices of the Colombian politics. This paper explores the experiences and discourses of women who have made a political career and have held positions in Congress (in one of the two chambers) or, at least, have advanced political campaigns to fill one of those seats. This study focuses on what some analysts have called "elites discriminated" groups formed by individuals who come to occupy positions that are socially recognized, valued and the main means of social mobility, but whose arrival changed little of the overall structure, marked by exclusion and oppression of their peers. According to previous works that serve as background to this thesis, studies analyzing the percentages of women elected to Congress tend to be limited to the presentation of statistical and numerical balances. It is obvious that few women run for election and, of course, very few are elected, therefore this effort focuses on establishing what about those women who manage to overcome the current margin of exclusion, to break down barriers and to become part of the political elite. This analysis uses political philosophy in order to show women as political subjects, part of a regime that cannot be explained from the behaviors, actions, qualities or defects of individual women but from unraveling the logic underlying a political, social and economic order that keeps more than half the Colombian population outside from the sphere of political decision-making. Women`s stories, their voices and trajectories are used to expose a power`s scheme that stablishes the way that they identify themselves as individuals, as women, as politicians.

No description available.

The smuggling of special nuclear material (SNM) has long been a concern. In April 2009, President Obama declared that a terrorist acquiring a nuclear weapon was the most immediate threat to global security. The Second Line of Defense (SLD) initiative was stood up by the National Nuclear Security Administration to deter, detect, and interdict illicit trafficking of nuclear and radioactive materials across international borders and maritime shipping. The SLD initiative does not provide for the detection of SNM being carried on small, personal watercraft. Previous work examined the possibility of using active neutron detectors to induce fission in SNM and detect the response. This thesis examines the possibility of detecting SNM using passive 3He neutron detectors. Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) simulations were run to determine the best detector configuration. Detecting sources at increasing depths, detecting moving sources and the effects of waves were also simulated in MCNP. Comparisons with experimental measurements showed that detectors parallel to the surface of water were best at detecting neutron sources below the surface. Additionally, stacking detectors and placing a cadmium sheet between the polyethylene blocks resulted in a greater ability to determine the height of a source by taking the ratio of count rates in the lower and upper detectors. Using this configuration, a source of strength 3.39 x 10^5 n/s could be detected to a depth of 12.00 in below the water surface. Count rates in the presence of waves did not average out to count rates taken above a flat plane of water. Detectors closer to the water performed worse than above a flat plane while detectors placed higher recorded more counts than above a flat plane. Moving sources were also simulated; sources under water, 3.00 ft from the detectors, and moving at 5.8 kts could be detected above background.

Polarized cell movements are essential to the cell rearrangements that occur during morphogenesis. In Xenopus, cell polarity is reflected in the directional cell intercalations that drive the morphogenetic movements characterizing gastrulation. While these cell behaviours are well described, the molecular mechanism underlying this cell polarity is unknown. PAR-3 is a multi-domain scaffolding protein and a key regulator of cell polarity. I have isolated a cDNA encoding Xenopus PAR-3 and generated several mutant constructs, each lacking a conserved domain. Initial characterization of GFP-tagged PAR-3 in A6 cells demonstrates localization to points of cell-cell contact in epithelial sheets, as well as at the leading edge of migrating cells. PAR-3 constructs lacking the CR1 or PDZ1 domain fail to compartmentalize properly and are found in the cytoplasm. Eliminating the PDZ3 domain resulted in a loss of contact inhibition. Mutation of the aPKC phosphorylation site created a membrane hyper-accumulation phenotype. Together these data suggest that the CR1 and PDZ1 domains mediate membrane compartmentalization that is modulated through aPKC phosphorylation, while the PDZ3 domain is required for contact inhibition. In embryos, PAR-3 is expressed throughout gastrulation and over-expression of PAR-3 inhibits blastopore closure indicating a requirement during gastrulation. Inhibition is relieved when the construct lacking the CR1 domain is over-expressed. PAR-3 was localized to the cell periphery in axial mesoderm. Localization was abolished with deletion of the CR1 domain indicating that membrane targeting of PAR-3 is required for gastrulation and this targeting is dependent on oligomerization of PAR-3. This investigation also suggests PAR-3 functions independent of the PAR complex in Xenopus embryos indicating involvement of a different PAR-3 signaling pathway.

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1990. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 238-245) / Microfiche. / xxii, 245 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

Mainz, Univ., Diss., 2004 / Erscheinungsjahr an der Haupttitelstelle: 2004

Zugl.: Münster (Westfalen), Univ., Diss., 2005

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Medicine, 2003. / "October 2003" Bibliography: leaves 190-210.

Univ., Diss.--Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2005. / Parallel als CD-ROM-Ausg. erschienen.