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Was führt kriminaltechnische Sachverständige zur Konferenz Entwerfen Entwickeln Erleben Es mag ungewöhnlich sein, dass sich hier Kriminaltechniker bzw. kriminaltechnische Sachverständige zu Wort melden. Bedenkt man, dass sich die Kriminaltechnik ja nahezu ausschließlich naturwissenschaftlicher Methoden bedient, so sind allein hierin schon Berührungspunkte vorgegeben. Für uns ist es die Erprobung einer neuen Methode, sich ganz konkret an den Lehrstuhl Konstruktionstechnik/CAD zu wenden. Wir glauben im Übrigen nicht, dass es ungewöhnlich ist, dass die Kriminaltechnik mit universitären Einrichtungen zusammenarbeitet. Immerhin, wenn man in ihre Geschichte schaut, hat sich die Kriminaltechnik aus Zweigen einzelner Naturwissenschaften entwickelt.

Providers of high-speed, wireless data services need to know where in their service area to place transmitters to reach potential customers. Viewshed analysis, a technique found in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software, can be used to model propagation of the wireless signals from different locations to find the best transmitter site. To carry out viewshed analysis, digital data are required for all obstructions the signal may encounter along its path. One such obstruction, terrain, can be represented in the GIS by easily available Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). Another obstruction is buildings, which are common in populated areas, and therefore of particular concern to wireless providers. Unfortunately, digital data for buildings in U.S. cities and towns are often non-existent, difficult to obtain, or very costly. In light of the difficulties surrounding acquisition of building data for wireless propagation studies, this study used Multiple Regression analysis to construct models to predict building count and dimensions. U.S. Census Housing and Demographic data, aggregated at the Census Block level, served as the predictor variables in the regression equations. The models were built from sample data collected from four U.S. cities. For each variable to be predicted (Y), the top models were compared to find the optimum one. The model chosen for Building Count (per Block) showed quite good results, and future research in the prediction of this variable shows promise. Results for the models of Average Building Height and Average Building Footprint Area (both per Block) were not nearly as encouraging, but additional work modeling these variables may still yield insights. / Master of Science

Additive manufacturing processes such as 3D printing are booming in the industry due to their high degree of freedom in terms of geometric shapes and available materials. Focusing on patient-specific medicine, 3D printing has also proven useful in the Life Sciences, where it exploits the shape fidelity for individualized tissues in the field of bioprinting. In parallel, the current systems of bioreactor technology have adapted to the new manufacturing technology as well and 3D-printed bioreactors are increasingly being developed. For the first time, this work combines the manufacturing of the tissue and a tailored bioreactor, significantly streamlining the overall process and optimally merging the two processes. This way the production of the tissues can be individualized by customizing the reactor to the tissue and the patient-specific wound geometry. For this reason, a common basis and guideline for the cross-device and cross-material use of 3D printers was created initially. Their applicability was demonstrated by the iterative development of a perfusable bioreactor system, made from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and a lignin-based filament, into which a biological tissue of flexible shape can be bioprinted. Cost-effective bioink-replacements and in silico computational fluid dynamics simulations were used for material sustainability and shape development. Also, nutrient distribution and shear stress could be predicted in this way pre-experimentally. As a proof of functionality and adaptability of the reactor, tissues made from a nanocellulose-based Cellink® Bioink, as well as an alginate-based ink mixed with Me-PMeOx100-b-PnPrOzi100-EIP (POx) (Alginate-POx bioink) were successfully cultured dynamically in the bioreactor together with C2C12 cell line. Tissue maturation was further demonstrated using hMSC which were successfully induced to adipocyte differentiation. For further standardization, a mobile electrical device for automated media exchange was developed, improving handling in the laboratory and thus reduces the probability of contamination. / Additive Fertigungsverfahren wie der 3D-Druck boomen in der Industrie aufgrund ihres hohen Freiheitsgrads in Bezug auf geometrische Formen und verfügbare Materialien. Mit Blick auf die patientenspezifische Medizin hat sich der 3D-Druck auch in den Biowissenschaften bewährt, wo er die Formtreue für individualisierte Gewebe im Bereich des Bioprinting nutzt. Parallel dazu haben sich auch die derzeitigen Systeme der Bioreaktortechnologie an die neue Fertigungstechnologie angepasst, und es werden zunehmend 3D-gedruckte Bioreaktoren entwickelt. In dieser Arbeit werden erstmals die Herstellung des Gewebes und ein maßgeschneiderter Bioreaktor kombiniert, wodurch der Gesamtprozess erheblich gestrafft und beide Verfahren optimal zusammengeführt werden. Auf diese Weise kann die Herstellung der Gewebe individualisiert werden, indem der Reaktor an das Gewebe und die patientenspezifische Wundgeometrie angepasst wird. Aus diesem Grund wurde zunächst eine gemeinsame Basis und Leitlinie für den Geräte- und Materialübergreifenden Einsatz von 3D-Druckern geschaffen. Deren Anwendbarkeit wurde durch die iterative Entwicklung eines perfundierbaren Bioreaktorsystems aus Polydimethylsiloxan (PDMS) und einem Lignin-basierten Filament demonstriert, in das ein biologisches Gewebe mit flexibler Form gedruckt werden kann. Kostengünstige Biotintenalternativen und emph in silico Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulationen wurden für eine materialschonende Formentwicklung verwendet. Nährstoffverteilung und Scherspannung konnten auf diese Weise präexperimentell vorhergesagt werden. Als Beweis für die Funktionalität und Anpassbarkeit des Reaktors wurden Gewebe aus einer Cellink® Bioink auf Nanocellulosebasis sowie einer Tinte auf Alginatbasis, welche mit Me-PMeOx100-b-PnPrOzi100-EIP (POx) gemischt wurde (Alginat-POx-Bioink), erfolgreich zusammen mit C2C12-Zelllinie dynamisch im Reaktor kultiviert. Die Gewebereifung wurde außerdem mit hMSC demonstriert, die erfolgreich zur adipozyten Differenzierung induziert wurden. Zur weiteren Standardisierung wurde ein mobiles elektrisches Gerät für den automatischen Medienwechsel entwickelt, welches die Handhabung im Labor verbessert und damit die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Kontamination deutlich verringert.

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This thesis is missing pages 68, 118, 129 and 189 and these pages are not in any other copies of the thesis. -Digitization Centre / This thesis is a design of a three-dimensional plotting routine for the computer facilities at McMaster University with a subroutine to adopt the package for use on other computer systems and is divided into four sections. Section A is a review of the necessity of computerized plotting in science and engineering design with particular emphasis on software sophistication, which is the subject of this work. Section B describes the principles employed and the basic logic of the software package. The method by which a three-dimensional solid is mapped is also explained. Section C is a complete user's guide to the package. Section D deals with some applications for the package such as the solution of design optimization problems, visual analysis of data sets, an aid to teaching and combined interpolation and display of experimental results. / Thesis / Master of Engineering (ME)

A holographic recording method using an optical heterodyne 2-D scanning technique for 3-D imaging of fluorescent objects in turbid media is described and experimentally demonstrated. For the first time, 3-D imaging of fluorescentobjects in turbid media by a holographic method is achieved, and the diffused photon rejecting process through a heterodyne technique is analyzed. We also propose and realize a multiplexing and a digital decoding method for removing twin-image noise in optical scanning holography. The holographic method studied can be applied to 3-D biomedical imaging of fluorescent objects in turbid media as well as diffusely reflecting objects. / Master of Science

Archaeological conservation is the process by which conservators prevent deterioration of archaeological remains and provide insight into the nature of recovered material. This thesis examines the effect of digital technology upon the ethics of the conservation profession and upon the attitude of the lay-public towards archaeology. The ethical issues raised by the use of digital technology are discussed, particularly the ways in which these issues differ from those raised by traditional conservation methods. Technological advancements, particularly those occurring in the 20th century, changed the way artifacts are conserved and studied. Conservation arose out of a craft-restoration tradition and evolved into a profession which, in addition to necessary artistic and aesthetic considerations, uses a demonstrable scientific method in order to preserve artifacts. The creation of guidelines for practice and various codes of ethics is the turning point in this evolution, marking the point after which conservation became a scientific profession. Advances in computer technology have permitted the widespread use of devices such as 3-D scanners, digital CT scanners, and digital cameras in the conservation of archaeological artifacts. All of these pieces of equipment produced digital files which must be stored. Currently, the pace of technological change renders most data inaccessible within ten years, and data conservation problems such as storage, access, and file format have not been adequately addressed by the professional conservation community. There is a distinct lack of formal ethical guidelines concerning these issues; this thesis concludes that there is an extreme need for measured consideration before digital methods are used in archaeological conservation. The creation of high-fidelity replicas presents a problem for the museum audience. The public connects with artifacts on an emotional level which is altered when a replica is displayed instead of an original. Digital reconstructions abound in popular culture, heavily influencing public opinion, and often resulting in widespread misperception of the information which can be extracted from archaeological evidence. As a result, conservators of the future must be cautious when creating digital artifacts, and must be meticulously careful to make the nature of digital reconstruction clear to the audience, in order to avoid spreading misinformation.

Digital Craft is a project that explores the interface between three-dimensional (3-D) computer technology and costume technology. I combine seasoned millinery techniques with modern methods of object construction and design to diversify the costume artisan’s toolbox and encourage practical and useful ways of moving between the virtual and physical world. Through a series of theoretical projects the dichotomy of modern artistic process is explored. The task of this thesis project is to explore the impact of 3-D imaging software on design and construction methods by applying them to the sculptural process of hat making. I collaborate with designers and technicians to develop methods of hat making for performance culminating in an exhibition presented at the University Co-op Cohen New Works Festival, April 2011. This research is applied to cultivate new methods of hat making, by exploring new media and expanding creative possibilities. Craft objects are created directly through the hand of the maker; it is thorough technique that the hand informs the craft object (Risatti, 108). Furthermore, the traditional notion of tools and craft objects is that they are conditioned, controlled and limited by the hands. In order to update and improve methods of object construction, this project will expand the traditional concept of craft, combining hands-on methods with machining. I hope to improve efficiency and decrease the cost of realizing authentic and original hat designs by exploring alternative digital spaces that can be used to communicate, develop and actualize ideas. / text

Many applications have been developed for Virtual Reality (VR) during the new wave of VR technology. These new technologies make it possible to create 3D meshes in a virtual environment in real time. However, the usability of VR as a modelling tool is still a new area of research. This study’s research created a VR 3D modeling tool that will provide the user with tools to interactively generate and edit 3D meshes in real-time and teach the users how to create 3D models. The study had two groups of participants, one group used Autodesk Maya, and another used the VR modeling tool. All participants were from Purdue University and all data was collected in the Polytechnic Institute. Both groups were given a task to create a teacup with the time it took to complete it recorded. The VR tool was evaluated with a SUS (System Usability Scale). The participants provided feedback and rated how difficult it was to use the application. With the SUS, it was determined that the application did not meet the industry standard average score of 68. However, further analysis on users’ responses showed many areas to improve in the application. A few recommendations for future research include implementation of multi-selection, a undo and redo feature, and improvements of how the user interacts with the 3D meshes.