Thesis (B. S.)--University of Colorado, 1938. / Includes bibliography (v. 1, p. [3])

Thesis (B.A.)--Haverford College, Dept. of History, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references.

It is impossible to imagine Sherlock Holmes without his trademark deerstalker, Charlie Chaplin bowler-less, the Cat in the Hat missing his striped top hat. A hat is often a crucial aspect of creating a character, but creating the hat itself can pose a daunting task, and students of millinery have difficulty finding up-to-date resources to guide them in the process. The modern novice milliner needs a current resource to which she or he can turn in order to learn the basic principles of the craft. Through the production of the instructional video Thoroughly Modern Millinery, I am creating this much-needed resource for anyone exploring the world of millinery, but with a specific focus toward the micro-discipline of costume production for theatre. Watching this video will allow the viewer to gain a clear understanding of contemporary practices used in modern theatrical millinery. Step-by-step instructions and demonstrations will lead the viewer through three very different hats from start to finish. Through the process of making these three projects, students will acquire the skills necessary for creating many other styles of hats. In other words, this video will provide the building blocks that every milliner needs in order to succeed. Through close-up camera shots of the processes plus accompanying verbal instruction, I will guide my audience through the process of interpreting a two-dimensional rendering and creating a wearable accessory for the stage. My goal is for my video to become the new "go-to" resource for milliners. With the introduction to a wide variety of products and techniques, Thoroughly Modern Millinery will be an essential addition to costume shops, classrooms, and studios. / text

abstract: The strips in Mark's Feminist Froze to Default in an Implementation String transfer the lives of feminists absent and imagined, overbearing and empathetic--cross dressers, lethal injectors, expats, planets, and Canadian survivalists--in an autumn to characteristic, unsettle, and reassess controller utterances of masculinity. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Creative Writing 2015

Musical careers develop along particular trajectories as a consequence of the relationships that are established between the musician and the industry. This thesis studies the nature of these relationships and the manner in which they contribute to the development of a musical career. The dichotomy between the artistic concerns of the musician and the economic interests of the industry that informs many popular music studies is re-oriented in light of the economic interests that are inherent in the musician's pursuit of a musical livelihood. The importance of commercial success in the maintenance of a musical living is explored in the case study of Men Without Hats, a Montreal based pop band that has maintained a fifteen year career despite a lack of commercial success over the past decade. This study suggests that the maintenance of a musical career over an extended period of time is a consequence of the types of relationships that are cultivated by the musician over the course of his/her career.

No description available.

A expansão da área de cultivo da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) para solos marginais e a necessidade de manutenção da alta produtividade tem levado a maior aplicação de fertilizantes nitrogenados na cultura. Esta prática, porém, incorre em altos custos financeiros e ambientais. Comparado a outras culturas, cana-de-açúcar possui baixa resposta a aplicação de fertilizantes nitrogenados, mas as causas desta baixa eficiência no uso de N (NUE) permanecem desconhecidas. Na tentativa de compreender os mecanismos envolvidos no NUE em cana-de-açúcar, este trabalho realizou a caracterização fisiológica dos processos de absorção de nitrato e remobilização de N por estudos de cinética de absorção e experimentos de translocação de 15N. Além disso, analisou-se o perfil de expressão de genes codificadores de transportadores de nitrato (NRTs - NITRATE TRANSPORTERS). Plantas da cultivar \'SP80-3280\' foram expostas à condições distintas de suplemento de N para investigar a regulação do processo de aquisição. Além de comprovar a menor eficiência da cana-de-açúcar na aquisição de nitrato quando comparada com amônio, foi demonstrada a presença de sistema de transporte de alta afinidade (HATS, High Affinity Transport System) para ambas as fontes de N presentes em raízes, induzido sob baixas concentrações externas de N e/ou sob baixo status de N na planta. Observou-se que amônio regula negativamente a absorção de nitrato, modulando a expressão dos genes envolvidos neste processo. Em plantas sob condições de deficiência de N (-N) foi verificada a regulação tardia do HATS responsável pela aquisição de nitrato. A ausência de correlação entre o influxo de 15N e acúmulo de transcritos de transportadores de nitrato sugere a existência de uma regulação pós-transcricional dos transportadores do HATS em raízes submetidas a provisão de nitrato. Para caracterizar o processo de remobilização, plantas foram submetidas a condições contrastantes de disponibilidade de N na tentativa de identificar o mecanismo pelo qual nitrato pode ser regulado durante este processo. Apesar da reduzida eficiência na aquisição e estoque de nitrato, cana-de-açúcar possui a capacidade de utilizar nitrato como fonte de N, e em condições suficientes de suplemento de N, nitrato e amônio são utilizados como fonte de N. Sob restrição de N, porém, nitrato apresenta maior fluxo em raízes e colmos, enquanto que amônio ainda permanece como fonte de N em folhas jovens devido a alteração no carregamento de nitrato no xilema. Todavia, o suplemento de nitrato a ser reduzido e assimilado em folhas parece ter origem no colmo. Portanto, a modulação da expressão dos transportadores NRT assegura a alocação de nitrato em cana-de-açúcar quando N é limitante em solos / The expansion of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) cultivated area to marginal lands and the need to maintain high yield have led to increasing application of nitrogen fertilizers. However, this practice represents high economic and environmental costs. Compared to other crops, sugarcane displays a low response to N fertilization, but the causation of the low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) remains unknown. To understand the mechanism involved in NUE, this study was carried out to conduct the physiological characterization of nitrate uptake and N remobilization in sugarcane by uptake kinetic analysis and translocation experiments using 15N. Further, the expression profile of genes encoding nitrate transporters (NRTs - NITRATE TRANSPORTERS) involved in both processes was determined. Plantlets of cultivar \'SP80-3280\' were exposed to various N supplement conditions to investigate the regulation of the uptake process. The lower efficiency in nitrate acquisition compared to ammonium was corroborated and extended for low N conditions. The occurrence in sugarcane roots of high affinity uptake systems (HATS, High Affinity Transport System) for both N sources,, induced at low external concentrations of N and/or low N status in the plant was confirmed. Ammonium negatively regulates nitrate uptake by modulating the expression of genes involved in this process. Plants under N deficiency (-N) exhibited a late regulation of HATS responsible for nitrate uptake. The lack of correlation between 15N influx and transcript accumulation of nitrate transporter genes suggests the existence of a post-transcriptional regulation of HATS in roots subjected to nitrate resupply. To characterize the remobilization process, plants were submitted to contrasting conditions of N availability to identify the mechanisms by which nitrate may be affected during this process. Despite the low efficiency of nitrate uptake and storage, sugarcane demonstrates the ability to use nitrate as N source. In N sufficient conditions (+N), ammonium and nitrate are used as N source. Under restriction of N, however, nitrate has increased flow in roots and stems, while ammonium remains as N source to young leaves by change in nitrate loading into the xylem. However, the source of the nitrate to be reduced and assimilated in leaves appears to be originated from the culm. Therefore, modulation of NRT transporters expression ensures nitrate allocation in sugarcane when N is limited in soils

A expansão da área de cultivo da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) para solos marginais e a necessidade de manutenção da alta produtividade tem levado a maior aplicação de fertilizantes nitrogenados na cultura. Esta prática, porém, incorre em altos custos financeiros e ambientais. Comparado a outras culturas, cana-de-açúcar possui baixa resposta a aplicação de fertilizantes nitrogenados, mas as causas desta baixa eficiência no uso de N (NUE) permanecem desconhecidas. Na tentativa de compreender os mecanismos envolvidos no NUE em cana-de-açúcar, este trabalho realizou a caracterização fisiológica dos processos de absorção de nitrato e remobilização de N por estudos de cinética de absorção e experimentos de translocação de 15N. Além disso, analisou-se o perfil de expressão de genes codificadores de transportadores de nitrato (NRTs - NITRATE TRANSPORTERS). Plantas da cultivar \'SP80-3280\' foram expostas à condições distintas de suplemento de N para investigar a regulação do processo de aquisição. Além de comprovar a menor eficiência da cana-de-açúcar na aquisição de nitrato quando comparada com amônio, foi demonstrada a presença de sistema de transporte de alta afinidade (HATS, High Affinity Transport System) para ambas as fontes de N presentes em raízes, induzido sob baixas concentrações externas de N e/ou sob baixo status de N na planta. Observou-se que amônio regula negativamente a absorção de nitrato, modulando a expressão dos genes envolvidos neste processo. Em plantas sob condições de deficiência de N (-N) foi verificada a regulação tardia do HATS responsável pela aquisição de nitrato. A ausência de correlação entre o influxo de 15N e acúmulo de transcritos de transportadores de nitrato sugere a existência de uma regulação pós-transcricional dos transportadores do HATS em raízes submetidas a provisão de nitrato. Para caracterizar o processo de remobilização, plantas foram submetidas a condições contrastantes de disponibilidade de N na tentativa de identificar o mecanismo pelo qual nitrato pode ser regulado durante este processo. Apesar da reduzida eficiência na aquisição e estoque de nitrato, cana-de-açúcar possui a capacidade de utilizar nitrato como fonte de N, e em condições suficientes de suplemento de N, nitrato e amônio são utilizados como fonte de N. Sob restrição de N, porém, nitrato apresenta maior fluxo em raízes e colmos, enquanto que amônio ainda permanece como fonte de N em folhas jovens devido a alteração no carregamento de nitrato no xilema. Todavia, o suplemento de nitrato a ser reduzido e assimilado em folhas parece ter origem no colmo. Portanto, a modulação da expressão dos transportadores NRT assegura a alocação de nitrato em cana-de-açúcar quando N é limitante em solos / The expansion of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) cultivated area to marginal lands and the need to maintain high yield have led to increasing application of nitrogen fertilizers. However, this practice represents high economic and environmental costs. Compared to other crops, sugarcane displays a low response to N fertilization, but the causation of the low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) remains unknown. To understand the mechanism involved in NUE, this study was carried out to conduct the physiological characterization of nitrate uptake and N remobilization in sugarcane by uptake kinetic analysis and translocation experiments using 15N. Further, the expression profile of genes encoding nitrate transporters (NRTs - NITRATE TRANSPORTERS) involved in both processes was determined. Plantlets of cultivar \'SP80-3280\' were exposed to various N supplement conditions to investigate the regulation of the uptake process. The lower efficiency in nitrate acquisition compared to ammonium was corroborated and extended for low N conditions. The occurrence in sugarcane roots of high affinity uptake systems (HATS, High Affinity Transport System) for both N sources,, induced at low external concentrations of N and/or low N status in the plant was confirmed. Ammonium negatively regulates nitrate uptake by modulating the expression of genes involved in this process. Plants under N deficiency (-N) exhibited a late regulation of HATS responsible for nitrate uptake. The lack of correlation between 15N influx and transcript accumulation of nitrate transporter genes suggests the existence of a post-transcriptional regulation of HATS in roots subjected to nitrate resupply. To characterize the remobilization process, plants were submitted to contrasting conditions of N availability to identify the mechanisms by which nitrate may be affected during this process. Despite the low efficiency of nitrate uptake and storage, sugarcane demonstrates the ability to use nitrate as N source. In N sufficient conditions (+N), ammonium and nitrate are used as N source. Under restriction of N, however, nitrate has increased flow in roots and stems, while ammonium remains as N source to young leaves by change in nitrate loading into the xylem. However, the source of the nitrate to be reduced and assimilated in leaves appears to be originated from the culm. Therefore, modulation of NRT transporters expression ensures nitrate allocation in sugarcane when N is limited in soils

Les mécanismes épigénétiques, tels que la méthylation et les modifications d'histones, sont impliqués dans le contrôle à grande échelle de l'expression du génôme et contribuent à la mise en place des profils d'expression des gènes spécifiques de tissus et de types cellulaires. Dans les cellules en cours ou en fin de différenciation, ces mécanismes sont aussi impliqués dans la mise en place et le maintien de la repression d'un grand nombre de gènes. La transformation oncogénique est presque toujours associée à des anomalies de la signalisation épigénétique cellulaire, dont certaines, comme les méthylations aberrantes de gènes suppresseurs de tumeur, sont considérées comme des événements oncogènes. Un aspect beaucoup moins étudié de ces dérégulations épigénétiques est l'activation aberrante de gènes tissu-spécifiques dans des cellules pré-cancéreuses et transformées. De nombreuses études rapportent l'activation « hors contexte » de gènes spécifiques du testicule dans plusieurs cancers somatiques. Ces gènes sont décrits sous le nom de gènes « cancer testis » ou C/T. Il a été suggéré que ces expressions illégitimes pourraient être de bons indicateurs des cancers, et fournir de nouvelles cibles pour une immunothérapie anticancéreuse. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons développé une approche basée sur ce concept d'activation ectopique de gènes pour identifier les gènes exprimés de manière aberrante dans les lymphoblastes des patients atteints de leucémies lymphoblastiques aigues (LAL). Nous avons ensuite évalué leur intérêt pour une utilisation comme marqueurs pronostics et de prédiction de la réponse au traitement. Nous avons ainsi identifié une signature de huit gènes spécifiques de la lignée germinale / cellules souches embryonnaires, exprimés de manière aberrante dans les LAL pédiatriques et adultes : 4 gènes prédictifs de mauvais pronostic et 4 gènes associés à une issue favorable. Nous avons par la suite montré qu'une combinaison de l'expression de ces 8 gènes peut identifier les formes agressives de LAL chez les enfants ainsi que chez les adultes. Une étude prospective clinique a mis en évidence que notre système de détection des 8 gènes, basé sur un test RT- qPCR, pourrait aider à prédire la réponse précoce à un traitement (induction) dans un groupe de 31 patients adultes nouvellement recrutés, atteints de LAL. Enfin, en exploitant notre méthode de classification, nous avons découvert des traits biologiques communs entre les formes agressives de LAL chez les enfants et chez les adultes. Nos données montrent que les formes les plus agressives de LAL présentent les caractéristiques de cellules souches hématopoïétiques au repos. Cette information pourrait être utilisée pour adapter les approches thérapeutiques. Enfin, en plus de l'amélioration de la détection et du suivi des patients LAL, ce travail a un fort potentiel dans la définition de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques ainsi que d'ors et déjà dans les choix thérapeutiques les plus appropriés pour les patients porteurs des formes les plus agressives. / Epigenetic mechanisms such as methylation and histone modifications are involved in large-scale control of the expression of the genome and contribute to the development of specific gene expression profiles of tissues and cell types. In cells, during and after differentiation, these mechanisms are also involved in the establishment and maintenance of the repression of many genes. Oncogenic transformation is almost always associated with abnormalities of cellular epigenetic signalling, some of which, such as aberrant methylation of tumour suppressor genes, are considered as oncogenic events. One much less studied aspect epigenetic deregulations, is the aberrant activation of tissue-specific genes in pre-cancerous and transformed cells. Many studies have reported the “out of context” activation of specific testicular genes in several somatic cancers. These genes are described as the "cancer / testis" genes or C/T. It has been suggested that these illegitimate expressions could be good indicators of cancer and provide new targets for cancer immunotherapy. In this thesis, based on the concept of ectopic activation of genes, we have identified genes aberrantly expressed in lymphoblasts of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We have then assessed their potential for a use as markers for prognosis and prediction of treatment response. We have identified a signature of eight genes specific of germline/embryonic stem cells, aberrantly expressed in adult and paediatric ALL. The ectopic activation of four genes was predictive of poor prognosis and the expression of four other genes was associated with a favourable outcome. We have subsequently shown that the combination of the expression of these eight genes can identify aggressive forms of ALL in children and adults. A prospective clinical study showed that a test based on the detection of these 8 genes, by RT- qPCR could help predicting an early response to treatment (induction) in a group of 31 newly recruited ALL adult patients. Finally, using our classification method, we discovered common biological traits between aggressive forms of ALL in children and adults. Our data show that the most aggressive forms of ALL have characteristics of dormant hematopoietic stem cells. This information could be used to refine therapeutic approaches. Finally, in addition to improving the detection and monitoring of ALL patients, this work has great potentials in the definition of new therapeutic strategies as well as in the choice of the most appropriate therapeutic approaches for patients with aggressive forms of ALL.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA fragments that can move within and between genomes causing great impact on the evolution of organisms. The hAT superfamily belongs to class II, subclass I of TEs and despite having originally been described in insects and plants, it is now known that these elements have a wide distribution and are diverse in many groups of higher organisms. Phylogenetic studies show that this superfamily is very ancient and its occurrence in these groups may be related to events of horizontal transfer (HT). This work was performed in order to estimate possible cases of hATs elements' HT. The elements homo1 and howilli2 described by Ortiz and Loreto in 2009 in D. willistoni and D. mojavensis species were searched in Neotropical Drosophila genomes using PCR with degenerate primers and because they are very similar elements and described in distantly related species, it was suggested that these elements might be being transmitted horizontally. Amplification was detected in 18 of the 34 species analyzed and these elements showed a patch distribution and incongruities with the TEs and host species' phylogeny, suggesting possible cases of HT. In addition, the estimated divergence of sequences found showed that these elements are or recently were active in the genomes that were investigated. Thus, our results demonstrate that these elements could be in an expansion process in Neotropical drosophilid genomes due to the large amount of HT events observed. / Elementos transponíveis (TEs) são fragmentos de DNA que podem se mover dentro e entre genomas, causando grande impacto na evolução dos organismos. A superfamília hAT pertence a classe II, subclasse I dos TEs e apesar de originalmente terem sido descritos em insetos e plantas, hoje se sabe que esses elementos possuem uma ampla distribuição e são diversos em muitos grupos de organismos superiores. Estudos filogenéticos demonstram que esta superfamília é muito antiga e que sua ocorrência nesses grupos pode estar relacionada a eventos de transferência horizontal (TH). Este trabalho foi realizado com a finalidade de estimar possíveis casos de TH entre elementos hATs. Os elementos homo1 e howilli2, descritos por Ortiz e Loreto em 2009, nas espécies D. willistoni e D. mojavensis, foram buscados nos genomas de Drosophila Neotropicais por meio de PCR com primers degenerados, e por se tratarem de elementos muito similares e descritos em espécies distantemente relacionadas, foi sugerido que esses elementos poderiam estar sendo transmitidos horizontalmente. Das 34 espécies analisadas, houve amplificação em 18, e esses elementos apresentaram uma distribuição descontínua e incongruências com a filogenia das espécies hospedeiras, o que sugere eventos de TH. Além disso, a estimativa de divergência das sequências encontradas revelou que esses elementos são ou foram ativos muito recentemente nos genomas em que foram investigados. Sendo assim, nossos resultados demonstram que esses elementos podem estar em processo de expansão nos genomas de drosofilídeos Neotropicais devido a grande quantidade de eventos de TH que foram observados.