Irwin Mark Jacobs. / "September 15, 1959." Issued also as a thesis, M.I.T. Dept. of Electrical Engineering, August 21, 1959. / Bibliography: p. 61-62. / Army Signal Corps Contract DA36-039-sc-78108. Dept. of the Army Task 3-99-20-001 and Project 3-99-00-000.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of South Africa, 2002.

BACKGROUND: Over 30% of the British Army‟s Infantry Recruits who underwent training between 1999 and 2003 failed to complete their training. Previous studies have focused predominantly on identifying the cumulative reasons for failure. There is a dearth of research investigating the effect of failure on the individual recruit and what influences their ability to pass training. AIM: The overall aims of this study were: to achieve an understanding of the role that antecedent personal, social and demographic factors play in a British Army recruit‟s ability to complete basic training; to investigate the possibility of identifying predictive factors that would identify infantry recruits who were at risk of being unable to cope with the transition to life in the British Army; and to explore the reasons given by those recruits who failed to complete basic training to develop a more comprehensive understanding of why recruits fail. METHODS: All new army recruits joining the first and second battalion between September 2002 and March 2003 were invited to take part in the study. A biographical questionnaire based on a modified version of the US Army‟s 115 item biographical questionnaire form was self-completed prior to infantry training by all those agreeing to take part in the study. Study participants were monitored weekly throughout their training and the training outcome (pass/fail) was recorded. The data was randomly split into a development dataset (two thirds) and a test dataset (one third). Independent variables were grouped into five categories (Demographic & Physical Measurement, Education, Outdoor Education, Non-Physical Activity and Conduct and Behaviour) and tested univariably and multivariably to examine their association with training outcome in the development dataset using logistic regression. The multivariable model was then used to construct a score and its sensitivity and specificity was tested using the test dataset. All those within the study who failed to complete Infantry recruit training were invited to take part in a qualitative semi-structured exit interview. These interviews were analysed using framework analysis methodology. Findings from both the quantitative and qualitative analysis were integrated to determine whether prediction of failure was practicable and to develop an increased understanding of the impact that antecedent factors and training experiences contributed to training failure. RESULTS: Of the study cohort of 999 recruits 36.2% (n=362) failed. Within the failure group 74.4% (n=269) gave reasons to suggest that this was attributable to difficulties in adapting to life in the British Army Infantry. Factors associated with higher odds of failure were: absence of female siblings (p=0.005), aggressive coping strategies (p=0.013), use of ecstasy (p=0.02), evenings per week spent at the family home (p=0.032), truancy (p=0.039), an increased number of schools attended (p=0.046) and classroom behaviour (p=0.052). The area under the curve on the test dataset was 0.58 (0.501-0.65 95% CI). Analysis of the qualitative data suggested that there was a marked difference between the socio-personal identity of recruits who failed training and the organisational identity of the British Army Infantry. Cognitive dissonance and varying extremes of stress were reported by those recruits that failed during the transition to military life. CONCLUSION: A screening tool constructed from items of the biographical questionnaire was unable to predict failure in training with sufficient accuracy to recommend its routine use for new recruits to British Army Infantry training. This study has identified that there is a lack of fit between military identity and the socio-personal identity of the infantry recruit which results in dissonance and stress during the transition into the military. It is recommended that future studies should focus on how to reduce the psychological impact of the transition into infantry training.

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Resumo: O presente estudo tem por base uma análise da obra Anábase de Alexandre Magno, escrita pelo grego Arriano de Nicomédia (cerca de 90 – após 145/6 d.C.) na primeira metade do século II d.C. Enquanto proposta historiográfica, o escrito de Arriano resgatava a memória da expedição de Alexandre, o Grande, rumo à conquista do reino persa, tornando o rei macedônio um exemplo de liderança política e militar em plena época do Império Romano. De fato, na obra, o rei macedônio é caracterizado sob perspectivas muito positivas, as quais apontam para um conjunto de virtudes pessoais que ressaltam sua singularidade enquanto modelo ideal de governante. Assim, da inevitável comparação passado/presente que a obra oferece, vemos um autor que busca na história elementos para construir perspectivas teóricas válidas e pertinentes frente ao seu tempo, ou seja, dignas de reflexão e consentimento por parte daqueles envolvidos e influentes no ambiente de poder. Dessa forma, encaminhamos uma reflexão no sentido de problematizar o ímpeto e forma desse resgate da memória em torno da expedição de Alexandre, buscando na análise da relação autor-obra-contexto uma via de inteligibilidade para tal composição em pleno Império Romano de inícios do século II d.C.

Tese (doutorado)-Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, 2011. / Submitted by Matheus Denezine (matheusdenezine@yahoo.com.br) on 2011-06-21T13:40:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_HenriqueModanezdeSant'Anna.pdf: 2412700 bytes, checksum: dc17b1065597874d2b1c7209570f4470 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marília Freitas(marilia@bce.unb.br) on 2011-06-21T13:41:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_HenriqueModanezdeSant'Anna.pdf: 2412700 bytes, checksum: dc17b1065597874d2b1c7209570f4470 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-06-21T13:41:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_HenriqueModanezdeSant'Anna.pdf: 2412700 bytes, checksum: dc17b1065597874d2b1c7209570f4470 (MD5) / A história política do mundo helenístico não era formada unicamente por comandantes sêniores do exército de Alexandre, o Grande; sob os Diádocos contava-se uma série de ex-oficiais de poder menor ou aventureiros que desempenhavam funções importantes em regiões controladas pelos ex-generais do rei macedônico ou mesmo em territórios que não haviam sido previamente subjugados. Juntamente com os Diádocos, tais comandantes de poder menor moldaram a política do mundo helenístico e transformaram de maneira relevante a sociedade na qual estavam inseridos, contribuindo para a formação da imitatio Alexandri e de seu impacto na arte da guerra do período helenístico. Este era o caso de Agátocles de Siracusa e, em seguida, Pirro do Epiro (com poder obviamente maior que o de Agátocles), que, a despeito das diferenças na esfera de poder e do vínculo com Alexandre, tiveram papel fundamental na concretização das inovações políticas e militares no ocidente helenístico. Esta tese de doutorado apresenta duas hipóteses: em primeiro lugar, que a monarquia de Agátocles era de natureza “helenística”, e que essa “inovação” política se dirigiu às suas tropas mercenárias e não à cidade de Siracusa, onde sua magistratura compulsória era uma simples formalidade; em segundo lugar, que a expedição africana de Agátocles e a experiência militar de Pirro na Magna Grécia e na Sicília provocaram inovações militares em Cartago, primeiramente em nível estratégico e, em seguida, já na invasão africana liderada pelos romanos, em nível tático. Tais inovações, por fim, teriam transformado o exército cartaginês numa autêntica arma helenística. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The political history of the Hellenistic world was not composed only of the senior commanders of Alexander the Great; under the Diadochi both a number of his minor officers and adventurers played important roles. They were active both in territories ruled by former generals of Alexander and even in territories which had not been subdued by the Macedonian King. With the Diadochi, such commanders with minor power molded the politics of the Hellenistic world and shaped their society, thus contributing to the imitatio Alexandri as well as to its impact on the art of war in Hellenistic period. This was the case of Agathocles of Syracuse, and after him Pyrrhos of Epirus, both fundamental to the concretization of political and military innovations in the western Hellenistic world, despite their differences in power and their connection with Alexander. This DPhil thesis presents two hypotheses. First of all, Agathocles‟ monarchy was of “Hellenistic” nature, and such political “innovation” was proposed to his mercenary troops instead of the city of Syracuse, where his power was a mere formality. Secondly, the African expedition led by Agathocles and the military experience of Pyrrhos in Magna Graecia and Sicily fomented military innovations in Carthage. These innovations were, in the first place, at the logistical level, and after that, during the African invasion led by the Romans, at the tactical level. Such innovations, in the end, would have changed the Carthaginian army into an authentic Hellenistic weapon.

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-03-13T19:36:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Diatomaceas_paleogeno.pdf: 3760429 bytes, checksum: 863f541ab0b7856dbc11ac95b17232fd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T19:36:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diatomaceas_paleogeno.pdf: 3760429 bytes, checksum: 863f541ab0b7856dbc11ac95b17232fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Nenhuma / Diatomáceas são excelentes marcadores bioestratigráficos para as Eras Meso-Cenozóicas e são elementos bastante úteis para estudos paleoecológicos e paleoceanográficos. O presente trabalho consiste no estudo das diatomáceas do intervalo Paleógeno do Poço 356 (DSDP Leg 39), o qual foi perfurado na encosta oeste do Alto de São Paulo (margem sudoeste do Platô de São Paulo). As rochas deste local pertencem à porção distal da Bacia de Santos e as rochas deste intervalo Paleógeno pertencem à Formação Marambaia. A despeito das numerosas e diversas diatomáceas presentes, este intervalo foi zonado por seu conteúdo de foraminíferos plantônicos e nanofósseis calcários, mas não por suas diatomáceas. Este estudo procura proporcionar uma definição bioestratigráfica ao conteúdo diatomítico deste intervalo e discutir brevemente suas implicações geológicas e paleontológicas. Em termos taxonômicos, foram encontrados 92 taxa, sendo 29 gêneros, 68 espécies e 19 espécies previamente classificadas como sp., além de 6 formas ontogenéticas variantes de Asterolampra spp. Em termos bioestratigráficos, quatro biozonas de diatomáceas foram identificadas, abrangendo idades do Mesoeoceno ao Neoligoceno. Quatro hiatos foram identificados, dois externos ao intervalo e dois internos. Os resultados aqui alcançados demandam algumas discussões sobre as correlações previamente feitas entre biozonas de foraminíferos plantônicos, nanofósseis calcários e diatomáceas deste intervalo, bem como sobre os padrões sedimentológicos previamente descritos para este intervalo / Diatoms are excellent biostratigraphic markers to Meso-Cenozoic Eras and are a very useful elements to paleoecologic and paleoceanographic studies. The present work is the study of the diatoms from the Paleogene interval of the 356 Hole (DSDP Leg 39) which was drilled at the southwestern slope of Sao Paulo Ridge (Southeastern margin of Sao Paulo Plateau). The rocks of this site belong to distal portions of Santos Basin, and the rocks of this Paleogene interval to the Marambaia Formation. Despite the numerous and diverse diatoms present, this interval was zoned by their planktonic foraminifers and calcareous nannofossils content but not by their diatoms. This study intent provides a biostratigraphical definition to the diatomite content of this interval and briefly discusses their geologic and paleontologic implications. In taxonomic terms, 92 taxa were found with 29 genera, 68 species, 19 species classified as sp., and 6 ontogenetic variants of Asterolampra spp. In biostratigraphic terms, four diatoms biozonas were identified ranging Mesoeocenic to Neoligocenic ages. Four hiatuses were detected, two external to the interval and two internal. The results achieved here require some discussion about the previously correlations made between planktonic foraminifers, calcareous nannofossils and diatoms biozonas of this interval, as well as about the previously sedimentologic patterns described to this interval.

This thesis examines Alexander�s conception of kingship, his relationship with royal traditions in the three great kingdoms of the Near East, and the concomitant transformation of the king�s court by which Alexander created a distinctive royal insignia and introduced new court personnel and protocol. Section I ("Alexander and Near Eastern Kingship") contains Chapters I, II, and III. Section II ("The Transformation") comprises Chapters IV to VI. In Chapter I, I examine the Macedonian background of Alexander�s court and his native conception of kingship. Chapter II is a study of the kingship of Egypt. Chapter III deals with the kingship of Babylon and Persia. I then turn to an analysis of Alexander�s policies towards the Persians and the concept of the "kingship of Asia," as this was understood by Alexander. This crucial concept is to be distinguished from the kingship of Persia, a position which Alexander supplanted and replaced with his personal kingship of Asia. In Section II, three chapters are devoted to an analysis of the transformation of Alexander�s court. Chapter IV covers the origin and significance of Alexander�s royal insignia. Chapter V examines the introduction of, and the role played by, Persians and easterners in the king�s court; and Chapter VI the significance of other Persian court offices.