• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 5
  • Tagged with
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

3D Path Planning for Radiation Scanning of Cargo Containers

Braun, Patrick Douglas 28 October 2022 (has links)
Every year, the ports of entry of the continental United States receive millions of containers from container ships for processing. These containers contain everything that the country imports, and sometimes regulated items can be hidden inside them in attempt to smuggle them illegally into the country. Some of these items may be radioactive material meant for criminal purposes and represent a threat to national security. The containers are currently being scanned for radioactivity as they leave the port, but before leaving the port, containers can sit inside the port for weeks. It can be beneficial to scan these containers before they are picked up to catch the illegal material sooner and reduce the risk of danger to those nearby. Uncrewed Aerial Systems can be useful for scanning container stacks in container fields since they can be attached with sensors and reach heights that are difficult for humans. They can also scan autonomously, requiring less over watch from people. This thesis attempts to solve the problem of autonomous search by using an initial 3D scan of the search area to input into a 3D path planning algorithm to generate a flight path that will sufficiently scan the search area while minimizing flight time. Coverage is a main area of concern, as well is computational complexity and time. In order to maintain security of the aircraft, the path must be generated on-board the aircraft, and as such use on-board, lightweight, computers. The approach taken in this thesis is by breaking the problem down into 2D layers, and then developing paths on each layer based on where the obstacles are. In order to maximize coverage, contours are generated around the obstacles. The vertices of the contours are then treated like points to visit in a Travelling Salesman Problem. To incentivize paths that run alongside the obstacles for better radiation detection, paths that do not run close to the obstacles are given a higher cost than those that do, resulting in a cost-minimizing path planning algorithm yielding paths that stay close to obstacles. The Travelling Salesman Problem algorithm then yields the most time effective path to cover the area while maintaining a distance healthy for radiation scanning from the obstacles. / Master of Science / Every year, the ports of entry of the continental United States receive millions of containers from container ships for processing. These containers contain everything that the country imports, and sometimes regulated items can be hidden inside them in attempt to smuggle them illegally into the country. Some of these items may be radioactive material meant for criminal purposes and represent a threat to national security. It can be beneficial to scan these containers before they are picked up to catch the illegal material sooner and reduce the risk of danger to those nearby. Uncrewed Aerial Systems can be useful for scanning container stacks in container fields since they can be attached with sensors and reach heights that are difficult for humans. They can also scan autonomously, requiring less over watch from people. This thesis attempts to solve the problem of autonomous search by using an initial 3D scan of the search area to input into a 3D path planning algorithm to sufficiently scan the search area while minimizing flight time.
2

3DS-BVP : a path planner for arbitrary surfaces / 3DS-BVP: um planejador de caminhos para superfícies arbitrárias

Fischer, Leonardo Garcia January 2011 (has links)
Métodos eficientes para planejamento de caminhos têm sido explorados ao longo dos anos para permitir movimento de robôs autônomos ou agentes virtuais. Basicamente, estes algoritmos buscam pelo ambiente por um caminho com pouca probabilidade de colisão com obstáculos, e que conduza o agente de uma posição inicial para uma posição objetivo. Apesar de os primeiros algoritmos para planejamento de caminhos para calcular rotas em grafos foram apresentados a mais de 50 anos atrás, ainda existe muito trabalho sendo realizado para melhorar as técnicas existentes hoje em dia. Os algoritmos de planejamento de caminhos atuais normalmente assumem que o ambiente pode ser facilmente projetado em um plano. Também existem diversos algoritmos que podem trabalhar facilmente com mais dimensões. Porém, uma classe de ambientes que não podem ser facilmente tratadas pelos algoritmos atuais é composta por superfícies arbitrárias. Estas superfícies, com buracos e torções, por exemplo, não podem ser facilmente projetadas em um plano. O fato de o caminho ser restrito à superfície faz com que, em um dado ponto o algoritmo precise calcular um caminho 2D em uma superfície 3D, o que não é trivial de mapear em um algoritmo de planejamento de caminhos para várias dimensões. Este trabalho apresenta uma nova técnica de planejamento de caminhos em superfícies 3D, chamada 3DS-BVP. Este novo planejador de caminhos é baseado em um algoritmo de planejamento de caminhos para ambientes 2D. O algoritmo anterior, chamado BVPPath- Planner, utiliza problemas de valor de contorno (Boundary Value Problems, BVP) e funções harmônicas para gerar campos potenciais. Ao seguir o gradiente descente destes campos potenciais, é possível produzir caminhos suaves livres de mínimos locais, partindo de qualquer posição do ambiente para um dado objetivo. Nosso algoritmo gera um campo potencial diretamente na superfície 3D utilizando um método numérico que foi inspirado por aquele utilizado no BVP-Path-Planner. O 3DS-BVP trabalha sobre superfícies complexas com buracos ou curvaturas, representadas por malhas de triângulos, sem a necessidade de parametrizar a superfície em uma representação 2D. Nossos resultados demonstram que a técnica pode gerar caminhos com qualidade similar àqueles gerados pelo BVP-Path-Planner em ambientes planos. O mesmo algoritmo é capaz de gerar caminhos em superfícies arbitrárias a taxas de atualização interativas. / Efficient path planning methods are being explored along the years to allow the movement of autonomous robots or virtual agents. Basically these algorithms search the environment for a path with low probability of collision with obstacles that conduces the agent from an initial to a goal position. Although the first path planning algorithms to compute routes in graphs were presented more than 50 years ago, there is still a lot of effort into improving the current approaches. The current path planning algorithms usually assume that the environment can be easily projected on a plane. There are also other algorithms that can easily deal with higher dimensional spaces. But a class of environments that cannot be easily treated by current algorithms is the one composed by arbitrary surfaces. These surfaces, with holes and bends for instance, cannot be directly projected on a plane. Because the path must be on the surface, it has only 2 degrees of freedom in any point of the surface, which is not trivial to map for a higher dimensional path planning algorithm. This work presents a new technique for path planning on 3D surfaces called 3DS-BVP. This new path planner is based on a previous path planning algorithm for 2D environments. The former algorithm, called BVP-Path-Planner, uses Boundary Value Problems (BVP) and harmonic functions to generate potential fields. By following the gradient descent of these potential fields, it is possible to produce smooth paths free from local minima from any point of the environment to a given goal position. Our algorithm generates a potential field directly on the 3D surface using a numerical method inspired on the one used by the BVP-Path-Planner. The 3DS-BVP works over complex surfaces of arbitrary genus or curvature, represented by a triangle mesh, without the need of 2D parametrizations. Our results demonstrate that our technique can generate paths with similar quality as those generated by the BVP-Path-Planner in planar environments. The same algorithm is also able to generate paths in arbitrary surfaces at interactive frame rates.
3

3DS-BVP : a path planner for arbitrary surfaces / 3DS-BVP: um planejador de caminhos para superfícies arbitrárias

Fischer, Leonardo Garcia January 2011 (has links)
Métodos eficientes para planejamento de caminhos têm sido explorados ao longo dos anos para permitir movimento de robôs autônomos ou agentes virtuais. Basicamente, estes algoritmos buscam pelo ambiente por um caminho com pouca probabilidade de colisão com obstáculos, e que conduza o agente de uma posição inicial para uma posição objetivo. Apesar de os primeiros algoritmos para planejamento de caminhos para calcular rotas em grafos foram apresentados a mais de 50 anos atrás, ainda existe muito trabalho sendo realizado para melhorar as técnicas existentes hoje em dia. Os algoritmos de planejamento de caminhos atuais normalmente assumem que o ambiente pode ser facilmente projetado em um plano. Também existem diversos algoritmos que podem trabalhar facilmente com mais dimensões. Porém, uma classe de ambientes que não podem ser facilmente tratadas pelos algoritmos atuais é composta por superfícies arbitrárias. Estas superfícies, com buracos e torções, por exemplo, não podem ser facilmente projetadas em um plano. O fato de o caminho ser restrito à superfície faz com que, em um dado ponto o algoritmo precise calcular um caminho 2D em uma superfície 3D, o que não é trivial de mapear em um algoritmo de planejamento de caminhos para várias dimensões. Este trabalho apresenta uma nova técnica de planejamento de caminhos em superfícies 3D, chamada 3DS-BVP. Este novo planejador de caminhos é baseado em um algoritmo de planejamento de caminhos para ambientes 2D. O algoritmo anterior, chamado BVPPath- Planner, utiliza problemas de valor de contorno (Boundary Value Problems, BVP) e funções harmônicas para gerar campos potenciais. Ao seguir o gradiente descente destes campos potenciais, é possível produzir caminhos suaves livres de mínimos locais, partindo de qualquer posição do ambiente para um dado objetivo. Nosso algoritmo gera um campo potencial diretamente na superfície 3D utilizando um método numérico que foi inspirado por aquele utilizado no BVP-Path-Planner. O 3DS-BVP trabalha sobre superfícies complexas com buracos ou curvaturas, representadas por malhas de triângulos, sem a necessidade de parametrizar a superfície em uma representação 2D. Nossos resultados demonstram que a técnica pode gerar caminhos com qualidade similar àqueles gerados pelo BVP-Path-Planner em ambientes planos. O mesmo algoritmo é capaz de gerar caminhos em superfícies arbitrárias a taxas de atualização interativas. / Efficient path planning methods are being explored along the years to allow the movement of autonomous robots or virtual agents. Basically these algorithms search the environment for a path with low probability of collision with obstacles that conduces the agent from an initial to a goal position. Although the first path planning algorithms to compute routes in graphs were presented more than 50 years ago, there is still a lot of effort into improving the current approaches. The current path planning algorithms usually assume that the environment can be easily projected on a plane. There are also other algorithms that can easily deal with higher dimensional spaces. But a class of environments that cannot be easily treated by current algorithms is the one composed by arbitrary surfaces. These surfaces, with holes and bends for instance, cannot be directly projected on a plane. Because the path must be on the surface, it has only 2 degrees of freedom in any point of the surface, which is not trivial to map for a higher dimensional path planning algorithm. This work presents a new technique for path planning on 3D surfaces called 3DS-BVP. This new path planner is based on a previous path planning algorithm for 2D environments. The former algorithm, called BVP-Path-Planner, uses Boundary Value Problems (BVP) and harmonic functions to generate potential fields. By following the gradient descent of these potential fields, it is possible to produce smooth paths free from local minima from any point of the environment to a given goal position. Our algorithm generates a potential field directly on the 3D surface using a numerical method inspired on the one used by the BVP-Path-Planner. The 3DS-BVP works over complex surfaces of arbitrary genus or curvature, represented by a triangle mesh, without the need of 2D parametrizations. Our results demonstrate that our technique can generate paths with similar quality as those generated by the BVP-Path-Planner in planar environments. The same algorithm is also able to generate paths in arbitrary surfaces at interactive frame rates.
4

3DS-BVP : a path planner for arbitrary surfaces / 3DS-BVP: um planejador de caminhos para superfícies arbitrárias

Fischer, Leonardo Garcia January 2011 (has links)
Métodos eficientes para planejamento de caminhos têm sido explorados ao longo dos anos para permitir movimento de robôs autônomos ou agentes virtuais. Basicamente, estes algoritmos buscam pelo ambiente por um caminho com pouca probabilidade de colisão com obstáculos, e que conduza o agente de uma posição inicial para uma posição objetivo. Apesar de os primeiros algoritmos para planejamento de caminhos para calcular rotas em grafos foram apresentados a mais de 50 anos atrás, ainda existe muito trabalho sendo realizado para melhorar as técnicas existentes hoje em dia. Os algoritmos de planejamento de caminhos atuais normalmente assumem que o ambiente pode ser facilmente projetado em um plano. Também existem diversos algoritmos que podem trabalhar facilmente com mais dimensões. Porém, uma classe de ambientes que não podem ser facilmente tratadas pelos algoritmos atuais é composta por superfícies arbitrárias. Estas superfícies, com buracos e torções, por exemplo, não podem ser facilmente projetadas em um plano. O fato de o caminho ser restrito à superfície faz com que, em um dado ponto o algoritmo precise calcular um caminho 2D em uma superfície 3D, o que não é trivial de mapear em um algoritmo de planejamento de caminhos para várias dimensões. Este trabalho apresenta uma nova técnica de planejamento de caminhos em superfícies 3D, chamada 3DS-BVP. Este novo planejador de caminhos é baseado em um algoritmo de planejamento de caminhos para ambientes 2D. O algoritmo anterior, chamado BVPPath- Planner, utiliza problemas de valor de contorno (Boundary Value Problems, BVP) e funções harmônicas para gerar campos potenciais. Ao seguir o gradiente descente destes campos potenciais, é possível produzir caminhos suaves livres de mínimos locais, partindo de qualquer posição do ambiente para um dado objetivo. Nosso algoritmo gera um campo potencial diretamente na superfície 3D utilizando um método numérico que foi inspirado por aquele utilizado no BVP-Path-Planner. O 3DS-BVP trabalha sobre superfícies complexas com buracos ou curvaturas, representadas por malhas de triângulos, sem a necessidade de parametrizar a superfície em uma representação 2D. Nossos resultados demonstram que a técnica pode gerar caminhos com qualidade similar àqueles gerados pelo BVP-Path-Planner em ambientes planos. O mesmo algoritmo é capaz de gerar caminhos em superfícies arbitrárias a taxas de atualização interativas. / Efficient path planning methods are being explored along the years to allow the movement of autonomous robots or virtual agents. Basically these algorithms search the environment for a path with low probability of collision with obstacles that conduces the agent from an initial to a goal position. Although the first path planning algorithms to compute routes in graphs were presented more than 50 years ago, there is still a lot of effort into improving the current approaches. The current path planning algorithms usually assume that the environment can be easily projected on a plane. There are also other algorithms that can easily deal with higher dimensional spaces. But a class of environments that cannot be easily treated by current algorithms is the one composed by arbitrary surfaces. These surfaces, with holes and bends for instance, cannot be directly projected on a plane. Because the path must be on the surface, it has only 2 degrees of freedom in any point of the surface, which is not trivial to map for a higher dimensional path planning algorithm. This work presents a new technique for path planning on 3D surfaces called 3DS-BVP. This new path planner is based on a previous path planning algorithm for 2D environments. The former algorithm, called BVP-Path-Planner, uses Boundary Value Problems (BVP) and harmonic functions to generate potential fields. By following the gradient descent of these potential fields, it is possible to produce smooth paths free from local minima from any point of the environment to a given goal position. Our algorithm generates a potential field directly on the 3D surface using a numerical method inspired on the one used by the BVP-Path-Planner. The 3DS-BVP works over complex surfaces of arbitrary genus or curvature, represented by a triangle mesh, without the need of 2D parametrizations. Our results demonstrate that our technique can generate paths with similar quality as those generated by the BVP-Path-Planner in planar environments. The same algorithm is also able to generate paths in arbitrary surfaces at interactive frame rates.
5

Planification de chemin d'hélicoptères sur une architecture hétérogène CPU FPGA haute performance / Path planning on a high performance heterogeneous CPU/FPGA architecture

Souissi, Omar 12 January 2015 (has links)
Les problématiques de sécurité sont aujourd’hui un facteur différentiateur clé dans le secteur aéronautique. Bien que certains systèmes d’assistance aux hélicoptères existent et qu’une partie de la connaissance associée aux situations d’urgence ait pu être identifiée, reste que les travaux antérieurs se limitent pour la plupart à une autonomie de bas niveau. Ainsi la génération d’un plan de vol sous fortes contraintes de temps représente à ce jour une voie d’exploration nouvelle, et un défi technologique essentiel pour l’hélicoptère de demain. A cet égard, AIRBUS HELICOPTERS accorde un fort intérêt à la conception d’un système décisionnel capable de générer des plans de vols en temps réel. L’enjeu de l’intelligence répartie au travers de systèmes décisionnels distribués constitue un axe de recherche fort, et un des contributeurs clés pour un positionnement leader d’AIRBUS HELICOPTERS sur la thématique sécurité. Aujourd’hui, l’étude des systèmes décisionnels embarqués dans les engins volants constitue un défi majeur pour divers groupes de travail académiques et industriels. En effet, la résolution de ce défi fait appel généralement à différentes compétences afin de maîtriser plusieurs aspects du système recouvrant les domaines d’acquisition, d’analyse et de traitement de données. Et ce dans le but de prendre des décisions en temps-réel en prenant en considération plusieurs paramètres contextuels et environnementaux. Les défis scientifiques à contourner dans la présente thèse s’articulent sur deux axes majeurs. Dans un premier temps, il faut proposer une approche complète pour une planification en temps réel d’un plan de vol d’hélicoptères. Permettant à cette dernière de faire face à d’éventuels événements dynamiques tel que l’apparition de nouveaux obstacles ou un changement de mission. Ensuite, nous nous intéressons à une implantation embarquée de la solution proposée sur une architecture hétérogène haute performance. / Security issues are today a key-differentiator in the aviation sector. Indeed, it comes to ensure the safety of expensive equipments but above all to save human lives. In this context, it is necessary to offer an important level of autonomy to helicopters. Although some studies have been carried out in this area, the dynamic generation of a sequence of maneuvers under hard time constraints in an unknown environment still represents a major challenge for many academic and industrial working groups. AIRBUS HELICOPTERS as a leader of helicopters manufacturing, looks forward to integrate an assistance system for mission re-planning in the next generation of aircrafts.The work conducted in this PhD thesis falls within a collaboration between AIRBUS HELICOPTERS and UNIVERSITE DE VALENCIENNES ET DU HAINAUTCAMBRESIS. One of the main purposes of this work is efficient flight plan generation. Indeed, for intelligent assistant systems we need to generate a new path planning inorder to face emergency events such as an equipment failure or adverse weather conditions. The second major objective of this work is the deployment of mission planning tasks onto a high performance architecture CPU/FPGA in order to meet real-time requirements for the dynamic optimization process. In the present work, we first studied efficient flight plan generation. Indeed, we developed efficient and effective algorithms for helicopter path planning. Then, in order to obtain a real-time system, we resolved the problem of scheduling optimization on a heterogeneous architecture CPU / FPGA by proposing several scheduling methods including exact approaches and heuristics.

Page generated in 0.0905 seconds