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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estudo da deposição eletroforética de 3YTZP em titânio metálico e avaliação da irradiação com laser / Study of electrophoretic deposition of 3YTZP in metallic titanium and evaluation of laser irradiation

Xavier, Gleicy de Lima 05 December 2017 (has links)
O titânio é amplamente empregado em indústrias químicas, geração de energia, aeroespaciais e biomédicas, pois além de suas boas propriedades mecânicas e resistência à corrosão, apresenta também boa biocompatibilidade. Porém, quando usado, por exemplo, em turbinas a vapor é necessário aumentar ainda mais sua resistência à corrosão em altas temperaturas. Ou quando usado em odontologia a cor acinzentada do metal compromete as reabilitações orais. Sendo assim, torna-se interessante o recobrimento do titânio com uma camada cerâmica, sendo a 3YTZP (zircônia tetragonal policristalina) adequada a tal aplicação, pois além de apresentar resistência mecânica, boa resistência a ciclos térmicos, apresenta boa biocompatibilidade. Neste trabalho foi feito o estudo do recobrimento do titânio com 3YTZP utilizando a técnica da deposição eletroforética além de realizar a irradiação do filme cerâmico utilizando o laser contínuo Nd:YAG com a finalidade de sinterização. O pó de 3YTZP foi obtido pela rota de coprecipitação de óxidos em meio amoniacal e caracterizada por DRX e MEV-FEG. Os resultados de DRX do pó mostraram a presença das fases tetragonal e monoclínica, e pelas micrografias observa-se que as partículas têm estruturas alongadas em formas de bastonetes. Por meio da densificação dos corpos cerâmicos foi possível observar boa sinterabilidade do pó. Como substrato para EPD foram utilizadas chapas de titânio (15 mm x 15 mm) e foram caracterizadas por DRX, que confirmou apenas a presença da fase α do Ti, indicando assim que são de titânio comercialmente puro. As chapas foram atacadas quimicamente com ácido sulfúrico 50% em volume por 10s. A deposição eletroforética foi realizada com as suspensões de 75%vol.acetona:25%.vol.etanol a 30 V por 20, 45 e 60 segundos; 50%vol.acetona:50%vol.etanol a 20 V por 30, 45 e 60 segundos; 25%vol.acetilacetona:75%vol.etanol a 60 V por 20, 40 e 60 segundos e a 40 V por 20 segundos; e com acetilacetona pura a 60 V por 20, 40 e 60 segundos e a 40 V por 20 e 40 segundos. Por meio das microscopias ópticas dos filmes depositados pode-se observar que a melhor condição de deposição foi utilizando a suspensão de acetilacetona a 40 V por 20 segundos, gerando filmes homogêneos e sem trincas. Foram realizados cinco ensaios de irradiação com lazer a fim de alcançar uma condição ideal de sinterização. As condições fixas para todos os ensaios foram energia de 0,5 J, coeficiente de duração de pulso (Tp) de 10 ms e coeficiente de repetição de pulso de 10 Hz. No decorrer dos ensaios foi variada a fluência do laser e o número de incidência. As amostras irradiadas foram caracterizadas por microscopia óptica e eletrônica, DRX e Scratch, e verificou-se que a melhor condição de irradiação foi utilizando a fluência de 120 J/cm2 para o número de incidência do laser de igual a 27. / Titanium is widely used in chemical, power generatin, aerospace and biomedical industries because of you good mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility. However, when is used, for example, in steam turbines is necessary increase the corrosion resistance at high temperature. Or when is used in dentistry, when the gray color compromisse the aesthetics rehab. In this case, it becomes interesting to coat the titanium with a ceramic layers, and 3YTZP (Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia) is suitable for this application, because it has good mechanical properties, good resistance to thermal cycles and good biocompatibility. In this work it was studied the coating of titanium with 3YTZP using electrophoretic deposition technique in addition irradiation of films using the Nd:YAG continuous laser. The 3YTZP powder was obtained by hydroxide coprecipitation route in ammoniacal medium and characterized by XDR and SEM. The XDR results shower presence os monoclinic and tetragonal phases, and micrographs it can be observed the the particles agglomerates. These particles have elongated structure. Through the densification of the ceramic bodies it was possible to observe good sinterability of the powder. Was used as the substrate to EPD titanium plates (dimension 15 mm x 15 mm), and was characterized by XRD, that show presence of α-fase, thus indicating that they are commercially pure titanium. The plates were chemically etched with 50% vol. Sulfuric acid for 10 s. Electrophoretic deposition was performed with suspensions of 75%vol.acetone: 25%.vol.ethanol at 30 V for 20, 45 e 60 seconds; 50%vol.acetone:50%vol.ethanol at 20 V for 30, 45 e 60 seconds; 25%vol.acetylacetone:75%vol.ethanol at 60 V for 20, 40 e 60 seconds and at 40 V for 20 seconds; and with pure acetylacetone at 60 V for 20, 40 e 60 seconds and at 40 V for 20 e 40 seconds. From observation in an optical microscope of the deposited films, we concluded that the best deposition condition was the acetylacetone suspension at 40 V for 20 seconds, being homogeneous films and free of cracks. Five laser irradiation tests were performed in order to achieve an optimum sintering condition. The fixed conditions for all the tests were energy of 0.5 J, pulse duration coefficient (Tp) of 10 ms and pulse repetition coefficient of 10 Hz. In the course of the tests, the laser fluency and the laser incidence number were varied. The irradiated samples were characterized by optical and electron microscopy, XRD and Scratch, and it was found that the best irradiation condition was using fluency of 120 J/cm2 and laser incidence number of 27.
2

Estudo da deposição eletroforética de 3YTZP em titânio metálico e avaliação da irradiação com laser / Study of electrophoretic deposition of 3YTZP in metallic titanium and evaluation of laser irradiation

Gleicy de Lima Xavier 05 December 2017 (has links)
O titânio é amplamente empregado em indústrias químicas, geração de energia, aeroespaciais e biomédicas, pois além de suas boas propriedades mecânicas e resistência à corrosão, apresenta também boa biocompatibilidade. Porém, quando usado, por exemplo, em turbinas a vapor é necessário aumentar ainda mais sua resistência à corrosão em altas temperaturas. Ou quando usado em odontologia a cor acinzentada do metal compromete as reabilitações orais. Sendo assim, torna-se interessante o recobrimento do titânio com uma camada cerâmica, sendo a 3YTZP (zircônia tetragonal policristalina) adequada a tal aplicação, pois além de apresentar resistência mecânica, boa resistência a ciclos térmicos, apresenta boa biocompatibilidade. Neste trabalho foi feito o estudo do recobrimento do titânio com 3YTZP utilizando a técnica da deposição eletroforética além de realizar a irradiação do filme cerâmico utilizando o laser contínuo Nd:YAG com a finalidade de sinterização. O pó de 3YTZP foi obtido pela rota de coprecipitação de óxidos em meio amoniacal e caracterizada por DRX e MEV-FEG. Os resultados de DRX do pó mostraram a presença das fases tetragonal e monoclínica, e pelas micrografias observa-se que as partículas têm estruturas alongadas em formas de bastonetes. Por meio da densificação dos corpos cerâmicos foi possível observar boa sinterabilidade do pó. Como substrato para EPD foram utilizadas chapas de titânio (15 mm x 15 mm) e foram caracterizadas por DRX, que confirmou apenas a presença da fase α do Ti, indicando assim que são de titânio comercialmente puro. As chapas foram atacadas quimicamente com ácido sulfúrico 50% em volume por 10s. A deposição eletroforética foi realizada com as suspensões de 75%vol.acetona:25%.vol.etanol a 30 V por 20, 45 e 60 segundos; 50%vol.acetona:50%vol.etanol a 20 V por 30, 45 e 60 segundos; 25%vol.acetilacetona:75%vol.etanol a 60 V por 20, 40 e 60 segundos e a 40 V por 20 segundos; e com acetilacetona pura a 60 V por 20, 40 e 60 segundos e a 40 V por 20 e 40 segundos. Por meio das microscopias ópticas dos filmes depositados pode-se observar que a melhor condição de deposição foi utilizando a suspensão de acetilacetona a 40 V por 20 segundos, gerando filmes homogêneos e sem trincas. Foram realizados cinco ensaios de irradiação com lazer a fim de alcançar uma condição ideal de sinterização. As condições fixas para todos os ensaios foram energia de 0,5 J, coeficiente de duração de pulso (Tp) de 10 ms e coeficiente de repetição de pulso de 10 Hz. No decorrer dos ensaios foi variada a fluência do laser e o número de incidência. As amostras irradiadas foram caracterizadas por microscopia óptica e eletrônica, DRX e Scratch, e verificou-se que a melhor condição de irradiação foi utilizando a fluência de 120 J/cm2 para o número de incidência do laser de igual a 27. / Titanium is widely used in chemical, power generatin, aerospace and biomedical industries because of you good mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility. However, when is used, for example, in steam turbines is necessary increase the corrosion resistance at high temperature. Or when is used in dentistry, when the gray color compromisse the aesthetics rehab. In this case, it becomes interesting to coat the titanium with a ceramic layers, and 3YTZP (Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia) is suitable for this application, because it has good mechanical properties, good resistance to thermal cycles and good biocompatibility. In this work it was studied the coating of titanium with 3YTZP using electrophoretic deposition technique in addition irradiation of films using the Nd:YAG continuous laser. The 3YTZP powder was obtained by hydroxide coprecipitation route in ammoniacal medium and characterized by XDR and SEM. The XDR results shower presence os monoclinic and tetragonal phases, and micrographs it can be observed the the particles agglomerates. These particles have elongated structure. Through the densification of the ceramic bodies it was possible to observe good sinterability of the powder. Was used as the substrate to EPD titanium plates (dimension 15 mm x 15 mm), and was characterized by XRD, that show presence of α-fase, thus indicating that they are commercially pure titanium. The plates were chemically etched with 50% vol. Sulfuric acid for 10 s. Electrophoretic deposition was performed with suspensions of 75%vol.acetone: 25%.vol.ethanol at 30 V for 20, 45 e 60 seconds; 50%vol.acetone:50%vol.ethanol at 20 V for 30, 45 e 60 seconds; 25%vol.acetylacetone:75%vol.ethanol at 60 V for 20, 40 e 60 seconds and at 40 V for 20 seconds; and with pure acetylacetone at 60 V for 20, 40 e 60 seconds and at 40 V for 20 e 40 seconds. From observation in an optical microscope of the deposited films, we concluded that the best deposition condition was the acetylacetone suspension at 40 V for 20 seconds, being homogeneous films and free of cracks. Five laser irradiation tests were performed in order to achieve an optimum sintering condition. The fixed conditions for all the tests were energy of 0.5 J, pulse duration coefficient (Tp) of 10 ms and pulse repetition coefficient of 10 Hz. In the course of the tests, the laser fluency and the laser incidence number were varied. The irradiated samples were characterized by optical and electron microscopy, XRD and Scratch, and it was found that the best irradiation condition was using fluency of 120 J/cm2 and laser incidence number of 27.
3

Åldring av högtranslucent zirkoniumdioxid (3Y-TZP) i munmiljö jämfört med artificiella åldringsmetoder. En pilotstudie. : Aging of high translucent zirconium dioxide (3Y-TZP) in the oral environment compared to artificial aging methods. A pilot study.

Tärnqvist, Emelie, Saadeh, Ashraf January 2022 (has links)
Sammanfattning Syfte Syftet med pilotstudien var att utvärdera hur kristallfaserna i högtranslucent zirkoniumdioxid (3Y-TZP) påverkas av åldring i munmiljö (in-vivo-metod) och in-vitro-metoder för artificiellt åldrande: vattenförvaring, termocykling och autoklavering. Material och metod Totalt framställdes 16 provkroppar av högtranslucent zirkoniumdioxid (3Y-TZP) med slutmått på 1 mm i tjocklek och 5 mm i diameter. Provkropparna frästes med hjälp av CAD/CAM-teknik ur en Katana Zircon HTML-disk och sintrades enligt fabrikantens anvisningar. Provkropparna delades in i fyra grupper beroende på åldringsmetod. En grupp åldrades in-vivo under fem veckor i munmiljö med provkropparna cementerade på individuella gomplåtar. Resterande tre grupper åldrades artificiellt: vattenförvaring i fem veckor, termocykling i 959 cyklar och autoklavering i två minuter. Provkropparna analyserades med hjälp av diffraktometer för att undersöka kristallfaserna före och efter åldring. Resultat  kontrollgruppen innan åldringen bestod av tetragonal och kubisk fas. Tetragonala och kubisk fas var kvar efter åldringen utan någon uträknad viktprocent. Resultat från analysen av diffraktometer visade en avsaknad av topparna vid 2θ 30° och 35° för samtliga 16 provkroppar. Efter åldringen hade alla fyra grupper märkbara toppar vid 2θ 22,5°. Slutsats  Oåldrad högtranslucent 3Y-TZP innehåller mestadels tetragonal kristallfas och en mindre del kubisk kristallfas. Varken åldring i munmiljö eller artificiell åldring genom vattenförvaring, termocykling eller autoklavering, motsvarande fem veckor, påverkar kristallfaserna generellt.  Nyckelord: 3Y-TZP, Artificiell åldring, Fasomvandling, In-vivo åldring, lågtemperatur-degradering. / Abstract  Purpose The purpose of the pilot study was to evaluate how the crystal phases of high translucent zirconium dioxide (3Y-TZP) are affected by aging in the oral environment (in-vivo method) and in-vitro methods for artificial aging: autoclaving, thermocycling and water storage. Material and Method Sixteen specimens of high translucent zirconium dioxide (3Y-TZP), 1 mm in thickness and 5 mm in diameter, were milled from a Katana Zircon HTML-disk and sintered. The specimens were divided into four groups depending on the aging method. One group was aged in-vivo for five weeks in oral environment with the specimens cemented on individual palate plates. The remaining three groups were artificially aged: water storage for five weeks, thermocycling for 959 cycles and autoclaving for two minutes. The specimens were analyzed using a diffractometer to examine the crystal phases before and after aging. Results The control group before aging consisted of tetragonal and cubic phase. Tetragonal and cubic phases remained after aging without any calculated percentage by weight. Results from the diffractometer analysis showed a lack of peaks at 2θ 30 ° and 35 ° for all 16 specimens. After aging, all four groups had noticeable peaks at 2θ 22.5 °. Conclusions Unaged high translucent 3Y-TZP contains mostly tetragonal crystal phase and a small amount of cubic crystal phase. Neither aging in an oral environment nor artificial aging by water storage, thermocycling or autoclaving, corresponding to five weeks, generally affects the crystal phases. Keywords: 3Y-TZP, Artificial aging, Phase transformation, In-vivo aging, Low-temperature degradation
4

An Evaluation of Subcritical Crack Growth and Stress-Induced Transformation Toughening of 3Y-TZP

Rigby, Brent Lee 15 July 2009 (has links)
No description available.
5

Lumière sur la zircone 3Y-TZP utilisée en implantologie orale : Etude de la relation entre la microstructure et la durabilité / Light on zirconia 3Y-TZP used oral implantology : Study of the relationship between microstructure and durability

Sanon, Clarisse 15 December 2014 (has links)
La zircone 3Y-TZP présente un grand intérêt pour les applications dentaires, en implantologie orale, elle semble être un matériau extrêmement prometteur: elle allie une biocompatibilité à un aspect esthétique satisfaisant et présente aussi des propriétés mécaniques très supérieures aux autres céramiques. Ces bonnes propriétés mécaniques sont intimement liées à la microstructure du matériau, elle-même directement liée aux procédés d’élaboration comme nous l’a rappelé l’alarmante série de ruptures de plus de 800 têtes de prothèses de hanche en zircone au début des années 2000, due au phénomène de vieillissement de ce matériau. Cependant, les études cliniques menées à ce jour ne font toujours pas état des interrelations existant entre la microstructure, les propriétés mécaniques et la sensibilité au vieillissement. Il était donc primordial de valider et d’appliquer les connaissances acquises dans le domaine des sciences des matériaux pour l’application de la zircone 3Y-TZP en implantologie oral. C’est l’objectif de notre première publication. Nous avons également développé, dans notre deuxième publication, un protocole d’évaluation permettant dans un premier temps, d’évaluer l’effet de l’état de surface et de la microstructure sur la résistance mécanique d’implants neufs, puis de suivre leurs cinétiques de vieillissement tout en analysant l’évolution de la microstructure et son influence sur la résistance mécanique au cours du vieillissement. Tout cela permettant in fine, de prédire la durabilité d’un type d’implant. Nous avons par la suite, développé un programme informatique permettant la détection et la quantification du vieillissement pour un volume donné. Cette détection de la zone vieillie ou transformée est basée sur des modifications microstructurales caractéristiques engendrées lors du vieillissement. Enfin, nous avons pu mettre en évidence l’occurrence du phénomène de vieillissement in vivo, par l’analyse d’explants issus d’une étude clinique et démontrer leur probable implication dans ces cas d’échec. Le logiciel informatique de traitement d’image développé a été également, appliqué aux explants dans le but de mettre en lumière et d’expliciter l’occurrence du phénomène de vieillissement in vivo, afin de sensibiliser les acteurs de ce marcher aux problématiques rencontrées et d’optimiser de ce dispositif médical, à la lumière des connaissances actuelles. / 3Y-TZP zirconia is gaining interest in oral implantology, it seems to be a promising material with good biocompatibility, esthetic appearance and also the highest mechanical properties for a ceramic. These mechanical properties are closely related to the microstructure of the material itself directly related to production processes as we recalled the alarming series of breaks of more than 800 heads of zirconia hip replacements in the early 2000, due to the aging phenomenon of the material. However, clinical studies to date are still not state of the interrelationships between microstructure, mechanical properties and sensitivity to aging. It was therefore important to validate and apply the knowledge gained in the field of materials science for the application of 3Y-TZP zirconia oral implantology. This is the goal of our first publication. We also have developed in our second publication, a protocol to assess the effect of the surface modification and microstructure on the mechanical strength of new implants and follow their kinetics of aging and also, the evolution of the microstructure and its influence on the mechanical strength during aging, to predict the durability of a type of implant. We have subsequently developed a computer program for the detection and quantification of the aging for a given volume. This detection of the aged or transformed area is based on microstructural modifications produced during aging. Finally, we have been able to demonstrate the occurrence of the phenomenon of aging in vivo, by analyzing explants from a clinical study and demonstrate their involvement in the case of dental implant failure. The image processing developed was also applied to the explants in order to highlight and explain the occurrence of in vivo aging phenomenon. The objective is to optimize this medical device, in the light of current knowledge.

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