The diploma thesis called The Analysis of 3D printing use in households is dealing with the current topic of 3D printers and examines the ways of their use in households in the Czech Republic. The main objective is to analyze the use of 3D printing in households. This means to find out why and how often the owners of 3D printers use them in their households. Also, to find out the whole range of other factors related to the ownership of 3D printers such as frequency usage, machine satisfaction, number of owned printers, etc. Based on the analysis for which the data was collected by the questionnaire survey method and later evaluated using hypotheses and comparisons with another similar survey, criteria for 3D printer selection are compiled. These recommendations serve to those who are interested in acquiring this technology. Research conducted in this thesis may be beneficial for future analyzes of this market, or for inventors of 3D printers who are considering to launch their 3D printers on the Czech market.

L’émergence des applications mobiles accessibles depuis un smartphone provoque une très forte augmentation du trafic de données transitant sur les réseaux mobiles. L’augmentation de la capacité du réseau et de la rapidité des connexions sont autant de points cruciaux que les nouvelles générations de réseau mobile devront adresser afin de répondre à la demande des utilisateurs. L’une des solutions viables pour augmenter la capacité du réseau mobile consiste à le densifier afin de permettre la réutilisation des fréquences en déployant des stations de base consommant une faible puissance et couvrant de petites surfaces (les "small cells"). Ce mode de déploiement massif en "small cells" constitue un défi majeur pour le réseau de backhaul afin de reconnecter chacune de ces "small cell" au cœur de réseau. De plus, avec l’évolution du réseau de backhaul vers une architecture de type Centralized Radio Access Network (CRAN), des technologies sans fil pouvant supporter des débits supérieurs à 10Gbit/s seront requises. Étant donné la maturité des technologies silicium au-delà de 100GHz, la bande 116-142GHz semble être un candidat idéal pour établir des communications point à point supérieures à 10Gbit/s et très faible consommation DC. Dans cette thèse, plusieurs solutions d’antennes-lentilles et réflecteurs fonctionnant à 60, 80 et 120GHz sont explorées pour des systèmes WLAN/WPAN et backhaul. Afin de minimiser le coût de la solution antennaire, nous évaluons des technologies d’impression 3D pour la fabrication des lentilles et des réflecteurs, ainsi que des technologies utilisant des matériaux organiques à faibles pertes pour la fabrication des antennes-sources planaires. / The improvement of the capabilities of wireless communication devices (smartphone, tablets …) which require higher and higher data rate, leads to a significant increase of the data traffic needed by each end user. This strong consumer demand for higher data-rate and coverage is stressing a lot the capacity of existing cellular networks. In order to cope with this challenge, one of the most promising solution consists in a network densification based on the deployment of low-power and short-range-radio-coverage base stations (small cells). The development of high data-rate and low power wireless fronthaul and backhaul technologies is a key requirement to enable the deployment of those future small cells (since associated civil works costs generally prevent the use of optical fiber solutions). So far, the wireless industry has been investigating the use of 60 and 80 GHz frequency bands in order to develop low-cost higher than 1Gbit/s backhaul solutions. It is expected that higher data-rate > 10 Gbit/s will be required for fronthaul communications. The broad bandwidth available around 120GHz (116-142GHz) would enable to reach such data rates while lowering the DC power consumption. In this thesis, we develop several lens and reflector antennas operating at 60, 80 and 120GHz for WLAN/WPAN and fronthaul/backhaul networks. In order to minimize the cost of those solutions, we evaluate 3D-printing technologies for the fabrication of the lenses and the reflectors as well as industrial low loss organic packaging technologies for the fabrication of planar antenna-source.

A indústria de cerâmica branca de objetos decorativos e utilitários, produz diariamente um contingente significativo de resíduo de gesso, oriundo do descarte dos moldes, cuja vida útil é extremamente curta. A deposição desse material via de regra é feita em aterros sanitários, sem qualquer tipo de isolamento em células e sem observar as recomendações da Lei da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos. De acordo com a hierarquia estabelecida pela lei, a supressão da geração dos resíduos sólidos aparece como alternativa prioritária do ponto de vista das boas práticas ambientais. É nessa perspectiva que a tecnologia de produção industrial computadorizada de objetos tridimensionais por deposição de matéria prima, surge como alternativa. A intenção desse trabalho é apresentar conceitos de produtos que potencializem o uso dessa tecnologia através de configurações formais inovadoras para o setor, eliminando a utilização do gesso em seu processo de fabricação além de avaliar os resultados obtidos através da análise dos protótipos fabricados. / White ceramic industry of decorative and utilitarian objects, produces daily a significant contingent of waste gypsum, originated from the disposal of moulds, whose lifespan is extremely short. Deposition of this material usually is made in landfills without any type of isolation cells and without observing the recommendations of the Law of the Brazilian solid waste Policy. According to the ranking established by law, the elimination of solid waste generation appears as a priority alternative in terms of good environmental practices. In this perspective, the technology of computerized industrial production of three-dimensional objects by deposition of raw material, is an alternative. The aim of this paper is to present product concepts that enhance the use of this technology through innovative formal settings for the sector and make an analysis about the results.

This paper studies the two aspects of current problems that plagues the Prusa i3 MK3sprinters in possession of JTH and how to resolve them; to be able to get a reliable printoutputs from engineering grade materials apart from conventional materials like PLAand PETG. The second aspect being the implementation of multi material module 2.0S,hereafter referred to as MMU2s successfully by analyzing and testing the current modi-cations and upgrades currently in the community and suggest any further modications,if required, both in terms of hardware and software which is further discussed in theupcoming sections. At present, there are numerous design upgrades and modicationsover the stock parts in the community which claim to iron out the reliability issues ofthe multi material unit. But, the success rates of these modications and upgrades varywidely. We tend to look at some of these modications which helps in eliminating theissues associated with the unit while getting it to produce results in a consistent and reliablemanner. The engineering grade thermoplastics which the university plan to use werealso taken into account to implement in the printers once the MMU2s setup was testedfor reliability. The objective also to create a successful prole sets by tweaking variousparameters in the slicing software for the aforementioned engineering grade materials sothat a ready-to-print prole is available for the corresponding material. During the course of project work, the reliability of the multi material unit was increasedby upgrading few of the components such as idler barrel and selector. Fine tuningof software parameters led to the error free running of the MMU unit by which extensivetesting was possible. Furthermore, engineering grade thermoplastics was able to betested and implemented on the current setup by making use of these software and hardwarechanges. Finally, extensive testing of the multi material unit was done coupled withengineering grade thermoplastics which yielded successful results and the congurationsettings saved for future use in the university.

abstract: Multi-material fabrication allows for the creation of individual parts composed of several materials with distinct properties, providing opportunities for integrating mechanisms into monolithic components. Components produced in this manner will have material boundaries which may be points of failure. However, the unique capabilities of multi-material fabrication allow for the use of graded material transitions at these boundaries to mitigate the impact of abrupt material property changes. The goal of this work is to identify methods of creating graded material transitions that can improve the ultimate tensile strength of a multi-material component while maintaining other model properties. Particular focus is given towards transitions that can be produced using low cost manufacturing equipment. This work presents a series of methods for creating graded material transitions which include previously established transition types as well as several novel techniques. Test samples of each transition type were produced using additive manufacturing and their performance was measured. It is shown that some types of transitions can increase the ultimate strength of a part, while others may introduce new stress concentrations that reduce performance. This work then presents a method for adjusting the elastic modulus of a component to which graded material transitions have been added to allow the original design properties to be met. / Dissertation/Thesis / Supplementary code from appendices / Masters Thesis Engineering 2020

abstract: In this study, the stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing method is used to manufacture honeycomb-shaped flat sorbents that can capture CO2 from the air. The 3D-printed sorbents were synthesized using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), propylene glycol, photopolymer resin, and an ion exchange resin (IER). The one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) design-of-experiment approach was employed to determine the best combination ratio of materials to achieve high moisture swing and a good turnout of printed sorbents. The maximum load limit of the liquid photopolymer resin to enable printability of sorbents was found to be 44%. A series of moisture swing experiments was conducted to investigate the adsorption and desorption performance of the 3D-printed sorbents and compare them with the performance of IER samples prepared by a conventional approach. Results from these experiments conducted indicate that the printed sorbents showed less CO2 adsorptive characteristics compared to the conventional IER sample. It is proposed for future research that a liquid photopolymer resin made up of an IER be synthesized in order to improve the CO2-capturing ability of manufactured sorbents. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Mechanical Engineering 2020

This dissertation focuses on developing 3D printing as a fabrication method for microfluidic devices. Specifically, I concentrate on the 3D printing approach known as Digital Light Processing stereolithography (DLP-SLA) in which serially projected images are used to sequentially photopolymerize layers to build a microfluidic device. The motivation for this work is to explore a much faster alternative to cleanroom-based microfabrication that additionally offers the opportunity to densely integrate microfluidic elements in compact 3D layouts for dramatic device volume reduction. In the course of my research, an optical approach was used to guide custom resin formulation to help create the interconnected hollow regions that form a microfluidic device. This was based on a new a mathematical model to calculate the optical dose delivered throughout a 3D printed part, which also explains the effect of voids. The model was verified by a series of 3D printed chips fabricated with a commercial 3D printer and a custom resin. Channels as small as 108 µm x 60 µm were repeatably fabricated. Next, highly compact active fluidic components, including valves, pumps, and multiplexers, were fabricated with the same 3D printer and resin. The valves achieved a 10x size reduction compared with previous results, and were the smallest 3D printed valves at the time. Moreover, by adding thermal initiator to thermally cure devices after 3D printing, the durability of 3D printed valves was improved and up to 1 million actuations were demonstrated.To further decrease the 3D printed feature size, I built a custom 3D printer with a 385 nm LED light source and a 7.56 µm pixel pitch in the plane of the projected image. A custom resin was also developed to take advantage of the new 3D printer's features, which necessitated developing a UV absorber screening process which I applied to 20 candidate absorbers. In addition, a new mathematical model was developed to use only the absorber's molar absorptivity measurement to predict the resin optical penetration depth, which is important for determining the z-resolution that can be achieved with a given resin. The final resin formulation uses 2-nitrophenyl phenyl sulfide (NPS) as the UV absorber. With this resin, along with a new channel narrowing technique, I successfully created flow channel cross sections as small as 18 µm x 20 µm.With the custom 3D printer, smaller valves and pumps become possible, which led to the invention of a new method of creating large numbers of high density chip-to-chip microfluidic interconnects based on either simple integrated microgaskets (SIMs) or controlled-compression integrated microgaskets (CCIMs). Since these structures are directly 3D printed as part of a device, they require no additional materials or fabrication steps. As a demonstration of the efficacy of this approach, 121 chip-to-chip interconnects in an 11 x 11 array for both SIMs and CCIMs with an areal density of 53 interconnects per square mm were demonstrated, and tested up to 50 psi without leaking. Finally, these interconnects were used in the development of 3D printed chips with valves having 30x smaller volume than the valves we previously demonstrated. These valves served as a building block for demonstrating the miniaturization potential of an active fluid mixer using our 3D printing tools, materials, and methods. The mixer provided a set of selectable mixing ratios, and was designed in 2 configurations, a linear dilution mixer-pump (LDMP) and a parallelized dilution mixer-pump (PDMP), which occupy volumes of only 1.5 cubic mm and 2.6 cubic mm, respectively.

Orientador: João Eduardo Guarnetti dos Santos / Resumo: O ombro por ser uma articulação muito instável está mais vulnerável a lesões. Afim de proteger e imobilizar a articulação o tratamento é seguido com o uso de tipoia. No entanto, a imobilização deixa as articulações sob os efeitos deletérios do desuso, o que pode favorecer o surgimento de lesões secundárias como a capsulite adesiva. O design e a ergonomia são considerados disciplinas científicas capazes de desenvolver e ajustar produtos às necessidades e às capacidades humanas. O objetivo deste estudo foi gerar parâmetros para o design ergonômico de uma tipoia alternativa utilizando as tecnologias de manufatura aditiva, a fim de minimizar os desconfortos termofisiológicos e o índice de capsulite adesiva após imobilização. Nesse contexto, desenvolveu-se com o auxílio do design um modelo de tipoia mais confortável, adequado, funcional e que não favorece o surgimento de complicações após imobilização do ombro. Foi realizada uma coleta de dados com indivíduos adultos, de ambos os gêneros, entre 18 e 85 anos de idade, 71 voluntários, que fizeram uso de tipoia para lesão do ombro. Seguiu com uma investigação ergonômica dos modelos de tipoia disponíveis no mercado, para desenvolver um modelo alternativo com as devidas adequações ergonômicas. O projeto da tipoia foi modelado no software CAD SolidWorks e a impressão foi por FDM (Fusão por Deposição de Material), em uma impressora 3D Creality CR-10, com material PLA (Ácido Polilactico). Para testar a percepção do usuário frente aos mode... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The shoulder because it is a very unstable joint is more vulnerable to injury, in order to protect and immobilize the joint, treatment is followed with the use of a sling. However, immobilization leaves the joints under the harmful effects of disuse, which can favor the appearance of secondary lesions such as adhesive capsulitis. Design and ergonomics are considered scientific disciplines capable of developing and adjusting products to human needs and capacities. The aim of this study was to generate parameters for the ergonomic design of an alternative sling using additive manufacturing technologies, in order to minimize thermophysiological discomfort and the adhesive capsulitis index after immobilization. In this context, a more comfortable, adequate, functional tipoia of model was developed with the aid of design, which does not favor the appearance of complications after shoulder immobilization. A data collection was carried out with adult individuals, both genders, between 18 and 85 years of age, 71 volunteers, who made use of tipoia for shoulder injury. It continued with an ergonomic investigation of the sling models available on the market, to develop an alternative model with the appropriate ergonomic adaptations. The design of the tipoia was modeled in SolidWorks CAD software and the printing was by FDM (Melting by Deposition of Material) in a Creality CR-10 3D printer with PLA material (Polylactic Acid). To test the user's perception of sling models, a semantic diff... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Vi behöver minska vår materialkonsumtion, idag gör vi av med mer resurser än vad vi har tillgång till. I den här studien har först en materialkonstruktion tagits fram och därefter ett produktkoncept för konstruktionen. För att ta fram materialkonstruktionen har biomimicry använts. Biomimicry är designmetoder för att lösa designproblem med inspiration från naturen. Naturen använder sig av så lite material som möjligt. Materialkonstruktionen är inspirerad av växtceller. Konstruktionen har två hierarkier som går i två olika riktningar, en riktning som går längs med och en riktning som går i djupled.För att hitta ett produktkoncept för materialkonstruktionen har material driven design (MDD) använts. MDD är en experimentell metod för att lära känna ett material och förstå dess användningsområde. Produktkonceptet är en stapelbar pall.För att minska på resurser används 3d-printning. 3d-printning är en additiv teknik och minskar på så sätt materialåtgång. Dessutom kan allt material lätt återanvändas eftersom det bara behövs ett material.Produkten kan produceras lokalt vilket minskar på transporter. PLA har använts som material i den här studien. / We need to reduce our material consumption, today we are wasting more resources than we have access to. In this study, a material construction was first developed and then a product concept for the construction. Biomimicry has been used to develop the material construction. Biomimicry are design methods for solving design problems with inspiration from nature. Nature uses as little material as possible. The material construction is inspired by plant cells. The construction has two hierarchies that go in two different directions.To find a product concept for the construction, material driven design (MDD) has been used. MDD is an experimental method used to get to know a material and understand its application. The product concept is a stackable pallet.To reduce resources, 3D printing is used. 3D printing is an additive technology and thus reduces material consumption. In addition, all material can be easily reused as only one material is needed.The product can be produced locally, which reduces on transport. PLA has been used as material in this study.

abstract: Novel electric field-assisted microfluidic platforms were developed to exploit unique migration phenomena, particle manipulation, and enhanced droplet control. The platforms can facilitate various analytical challenges such as size-based separations, and delivery of protein crystals for structural discovery with both high selectivity and sensitivity. The vast complexity of biological analytes requires efficient transport and fractionation approaches to understand variations of biomolecular processes and signatures. Size heterogeneity is one characteristic that is especially important to understand for sub-micron organelles such as mitochondria and lipid droplets. It is crucial to resolve populations of sub-cellular or diagnostically relevant bioparticles when these often cannot be resolved with traditional methods. Herein, novel microfluidic tools were developed for the unique migration mechanism capable of separating sub-micron sized bioparticles by size. This based on a deterministic ratchet effect in a symmetrical post array with dielectrophoresis (DEP) for the fast migration allowing separation of polystyrene beads, mitochondria, and liposomes in tens of seconds. This mechanism was further demonstrated using high throughput DEP-based ratchet devices for versatile, continuous sub-micron size particle separation with large sample volumes. Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) with X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) revolutionized protein structure determination. In SFX experiments, a majority of the continuously injected liquid crystal suspension is wasted due to the unique X-ray pulse structure of XFELs, requiring a large amount (up to grams) of crystal sample to determine a protein structure. To reduce the sample consumption in such experiments, 3D printed droplet-based microfluidic platforms were developed for the generation of aqueous droplets in an oil phase. The implemented droplet-based sample delivery method showed 60% less sample volume consumption compared to the continuous injection at the European XFEL. For the enhanced control of aqueous droplet generation, the device allowed dynamic triggering of droplets for further improvement in synchronization between droplets and the X-ray pulses. This innovative technique of triggering droplets can play a crucial role in saving protein crystals in future SFX experiments. The electric field-assisted unique migration and separation phenomena in microfluidic platforms will be the key solution for revolutionizing the field of organelle separation and structural analysis of proteins. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Chemistry 2020