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No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

This study is an evaluative approach to investigate the scope, problems, and intricacies of translating technico-scientific compounds. The study incorporates a qualitative-quantitative approach in which a descriptive-empirical analysis is endorsed by quantitation. The study, which is the first of its kind, focuses on seven different types of compounds namely, endocentric compounds, compounds containing exocentric determinant unit, verbal compounds, compounds containing lexicalised bound morphemes, metaphoric compounds, rhyming compounds, and phrasal compounds. To capture the reality of translating these types, identify possible relevant difficulties, and provide an authentic data corpus for this study, the researcher devised a questionnaire test that included a set of compounds to be translated into Arabic. This test included forty six diversified English scientific compounds taken from four scientific fields that have been arabicized by JAAL (Jordan Academy of Arabic Language) and AALC (Academy of Arabic Language/ Cairo). These fields include Computer Science (CS), General Electricity T.V. and Radio (GETR), Civil and Architectural Engineering (CAG), and Air-conditioning, Cooling and Sanitary Ware (ACS). The population of the study includes postgraduate translation students in Jordan and the U.K., totalling 58 respondents on the M.A. translation programmes at The University of Salford, UMIST University, The University of Durham, and Yarmouk University (Jordan). The results of the data analysis indicated that the translation of the different types of compounds posed real difficulties and true challenges to translators as it is evident in the statistics which reveal that the overall difficulty for endocentric compound accounted for 85.67%, compounds containing exocentric determinant units 84.81%, verbal compounds 80.63%, compounds containing lexicalised bound morphemes 74.46%, metaphoric compounds 71.17%, rhyming compounds 88.26%, and phrasal compounds 89.64%, with a total overall difficulty of 82.09%. Hence, the respondents encountered four main areas of difficulties: conceptual (semantic), lexical, textual, and stylistic. The study exposed eleven strategies the respondents resorted to in order to overcome the translation difficulties. These cover caique translation, literal translation, idiomatic translation, omission, contraction, transposition, transliteration, expansion, explanation, Naht, and blank. In terms of type of equivalence, the respondents mainly employed four types, namely, formal, functional, ideational, and textual. The data analysis showed that formal equivalence was the most frequently utilized one by the student translators. Furthermore, literal translation, the respondents' poor linguistic competence, the respondents' poor contrastive translation competence, the varying degrees of opaqueness and specialization of compounds, lack of sufficient experience and practice in technical translation are factors found to have given rise to a wide spectrum of misinterpretations and mistranslations. Finally, the study is concluded by suggesting a compound-disambiguation scheme comprised of sequential, discrete, interdependent, and complementary processes; drawing some helpful guidelines for the translation of compounds from the point of view of Arabic and that of English; and drawing some recommendations and suggestions for future research.

This thesis constitutes an experimental, receptor-oriented study which investigates the reception of two different strategies for subtitling English wordplay into German. Two translations of the animated short film Wallace and Gromit in A Matter of Loaf and Death are screened for test audiences, whose reaction is then recorded in a questionnaire. The existing translation, which was broadcast on German television and published on DVD, follows an approach based on formal equivalence and therefore rarely diverges from the original dialogue at word level, but equally sacrifices parts of the extensive humorous content inherent the text. This is contrasted by a specifically produced alternative translation which prioritises equivalence of effect, the transfer of linguistic humour at the cost of formal similarity. The research project also explores the influence of source language comprehension on the reception of both versions, as it is assumed that a formally different subtitle text could be interpreted as "incorrect" by members of the audience with knowledge of English. In light of the fact that English as a second language is spoken by a growing number of people in the German language community, the effect of this development on the viewers' requirements for audiovisual translation strategies and modes of linguistic transfer are considered relevant for the field. Furthermore, the reception of subtitling by a German audience is investigated in this context.

The present research examines translator training in Greece, with the ultimate aim being to provide suggestions for revising the translation curriculum in Greece. It goes without saying that a translation course is usually highly vocational, and an attempt is made to simulate professional practices in the classroom. Hence, local market requirements should be pinpointed and incorporated into the translation curriculum, if translation schools are to produce fully-fledged translators and not churn out dilettantes. That is why the identification and analysis of the translation market in Greece was one of the primary objectives of the current research work. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was conducted, addressing in-house employees of translation companies in Greece. Another no less important objective was to explore student needs and expectations. The current practice on translator training courses suggests that it should be student-centred and not teacher-centred, as used to be the case in the past. Therefore, if we intend to contrive an all-round, comprehensive curriculum, learner needs should not be ignored. On the contrary, they should be carefully investigated, in order to find out what it is that trainees expect to learn in a translation course and why they decided to study translation in the first place. Here again, a questionnaire survey was carried out. The respondents were not only students, but trainers too, as both groups are important stakeholders in the translation classroom. The data gleaned from the questionnaire surveys on the translation market and student needs, combined with a thorough examination of the germane literature on translator training, ultimately provided useful feedback which served as a springboard to making concrete suggestions about how the translation curriculum in Greece could be modernised and about how translation market and student needs could be aligned with the overall aims of a translation course.

This study explores the image analysis practices of undergraduate translation trainees in a Greek. university. The key research questions focused on the trainees' perception of the role of visual literacy in translation, the nature of their verbal and visual associations and activities effective for developing this role. Visual literacy, semiotics, and translation theories provided the conceptual framework for this multimodal semiotics approach to translation training, which guided my examination of the way the trainees described semiotic resources, how they used verbal and visual elements of Cl. translation task, and the extent to which they focused on the visual. Expanding on the concept of mediation, I developed a 'verbo-visual' mediation model that included visual semiotic elements to provide a detailed description of the ways in which the trainees intervened in the translation process. Through an action research study I gauged the extent to which the trainees had developed visual literacy skills. I planned a series of tasks centred on the translation of a multimodal text from English into Greek. I used direct and video observation of the students as they performed the tasks and afterwards evaluated their translations. The main findings of my research reveal that the trainees found it difficult initially to consider all the semiotic elements of the data-text whilst simultru1eously translating its verbal elements. However. by providing examples of potential verbal-visual interactions and reflecting on and modifying the tasks, I found that the trainees began to appreciate non-verbal elements as potential translational factors. I was thus able to demonstrate a raised level of awareness of the visual elements of multimodal texts to some extent for all trainees in this study. The research suggests that customized image analysis, photo-elicitation and visualization techniques may play a part in the improvement of translation training in a multimodal semiotics translation environment.

This thesis seeks both to chart the dissemination of German drama 'on the London West End Stage between 1900 and 1914 and to provide an account of the ideological factors which inevitably underlie such a considerable programme of translational activity. In other words, the play a particular group or individuals decide to translate, the nature of the translational choices and strategies which are employed at every stage of the translation process, the particular time, place, and manner of staging, and the issues of reception are never ideologically neutral events. Translation always exists within a historical and cultural context. The main set of premises for a study of this kind - indeed, for all work which might come under the heading Descriptive Translation Studies - is the notion that all translation involves re-writing (see Lefevere 1985), that such re-writing "is never innocent" (Bassnett & Lefevere 1990:11), and that "all translation implies a degree of manipulation of the source text for a certain purpose" (Hermans 1985: 11). It should be stressed, however, that although Descriptive Translation Studies might be described as the dominant methodology within the relatively new discipline of Translation Studies this thesis represents one of the first extended attempts to apply that methodology to the English stage.

The present thesis is located within the framework of descriptive translation studies and critical discourse analysis. Modern translation studies have increasingly taken into account the complexities of power relations and ideological management involved in the production of translations. Paradoxically, persuasive political discourse has not been much touched upon, except for studies following functional (e.g. Schäffner 2002) or systemic-linguistic approaches (e.g. Calzada Pérez 2001). By taking 11 English translations of Hitler’s Mein Kampf as prime examples, the thesis aims to contribute to a better understanding of the translation of politically sensitive texts. Actors involved in political discourse are usually more concerned with the emotional appeal of their message than they are with its factual content. When such political discourse becomes the locus of translation, it may equally be crafted rhetorically, being used as a tool to persuade. It is thus the purpose of the thesis to describe subtle ‘persuasion strategies’ in institutionally translated political discourse. The subject of the analysis is an illustrative corpus of four full-text translations, two abridgements, and five extract translations of Mein Kampf. Methodologically, the thesis pursues a top-down approach. It begins by delineating sociocultural and situative-agentive conditions as causal factors impinging on the individual translations. Such interactive and interpersonal factors determined textual choices. The overall textual analysis consists of an interrelated corpus-driven and corpus-based approach. It demonstrates how corpus software can be fruitfully harnessed to discern ‘ideological significations’ in the translated texts. Altogether, the thesis investigates how translational decision-makers attempted to position the source text author and his narrative in line with overall rhetorical purposes.