Current evidence for Anglo-Italian contact prior to 1500 is very rare and the major historical dictionaries contain only a handful of borrowings in either direction. This is in stark contrast to the huge amounts of evidence gathered for language contact between Continental French and Italian prior to 1500 and between English and Italian from 1500 onwards. However, Italians permeated many levels of English medieval society, including the top echelons of the royal Wardrobe and government Mints, London livery companies, wool-producing estate from the Cotswolds to Yorkshire and communities in major ports, such as Southampton. Given this role played by Tuscans, Venetians and the Genoese in the trade and finance of England in the later Middle Ages, conditions were ripe for a large-scale exchange of technical lexis. The thesis demonstrates that borrowing from and into Italian dialects occurred directly on English soil and that Anglo-Norman frequently played an important role in transmission, leading us to re-examine traditional assumptions about the agency of Continental French in the transfer of Italian vocabulary into Middle English. We also reanalyse the stance taken by Italian scholars which (even today) overlooks Anglo-Norman’s place at the centre of medieval English administration; this has led to studies on the earliest loanwords in Italian from England focusing solely on potential etyma from Middle English or Continental French. This project collates a glossary of 140 probable loanwords found in dictionaries and databases, as well as unpublished material from UK and Italian archives. These trade-related texts, dating from the 1200s to the 1400s, include Exchequer documents, port books, accounts, wills, letters, contracts and inventories and offer evidence of reciprocal influence in the professional vocabularies of English and Italian merchants. Certain semantic fields emerge as of particular relevance, such as (from Italian) luxury textiles, sugar, spices, shipping and financial terminology; (into Italian) English administrative and legal lexis, profession names, units of measurement, wool and woollen cloths. Whilst statistical analysis is restrained by the small amount of data collected, we do see a peak period of language contact over the years 1300-1450: the period in which Italian influence on the medieval English economy was at its strongest. Key sources include Bradley's recent edition of the Anglo-Norman Views of the Hosts of Alien Merchants (1440-44), a collection of bureaucratic documents testifying to the first official attempt by an English government to register immigrant workers. We also examine the London account books of the Gallerani of Siena (1305-08) and the Salviati of Florence (1448-51) which offer valuable insight into the multilingual environment of these alien merchants, whose native Tuscan mingled with the already trilingual business lexis of the English capital. Finally, a full transcription and analysis is provided of the extraordinary multilingual writing of an Englishman overseeing a large wool shipment in Tuscany (1450-51): the Cantelowe Accounts. The author, John Balmayn, employs a (so far) unique mixed-language business code, combining Italian, Middle English, Latin and Anglo-Norman, as well as a near-modern use of Arabic numerals that is many decades ahead of his contemporaries back in London. Until quite recently, non-literary material of this type has been largely overlooked by historical linguists in the UK and the effects of a foreign language, such as Italian, on the trilingual bureaucracy of English trade have not yet been examined. Overall, the thesis aims to emphasize the value of such sources and highlight the linguistic legacy of the Italian merchant presence in late medieval England.

The thesis starts with a biographical study of Tao's life and religious experiences by regarding him as an individual living in given social and cultural milieu, in contrast to the general explanatory model related to the development of Taoism in the medieval China. The purpose of the biographical study is to acquire a sympathetic understanding of Tao's point of view of the revealed texts, which will partly explain why Tao concentrated on the revealed manuscripts. Reading into the exegetic texts, I will reconsider Tao's status in the between of revealed manuscripts and Maoshan Revelations with their own meanings and coherent structures, bases on which new understanding of the relation between Tao and Maoshan Revelations will be elucidated with discovery of Tao's authorship in the formation of the Maoshan Revelations. After textual criticism of the exegetic texts, setting the structure and contexts of Tao's exegesis as the starting point, I will link up the exegetic texts with Tao's other writings to reconstruct his Taoist thoughts. / This thesis examines the Taoist thoughts of Tao Hongjing (456-536) through a detailed analysis of his exegetic work on Maoshan Revelations. I will attempt to figure out the structure and elements of Tao's Taoist thoughts in my reading of the exegesis, and then reconsider Tao's other writings and Taoist practices within the interpretative framework consists of the structure and theological elements found in the exegesis. Thus, this thesis will consider the following questions respectively: how Tao's individual life and mysterious experiences shaped his understanding of revealed manuscripts; Tao's role as compiler and author in the formation of Maoshan Revelations, setting Tao's exegesis within the tension between fragmentary revealed manuscripts and Taoist scriptures with coherent structures and systematical Taoist thoughts; how one can reconstruct and understand Tao's Taoist thoughts through the structure and contents of his exegesis on Maoshan Revelations, within which his Taoist thoughts unfolded. / This work will bring forth an alternative account for Tao as an individual with Taoist belief that based his religious world on revealed Taoist teachings. With the help of biographical study on Tao's mysterious experiences and dreams and reading into the exegesis, the significances of revelations in Tao's Taoist thoughts will be illuminated in following ways: Tao's mysterious experiences made him believe in the authenticity of the revealed teachings; his sympathetic understanding of revealed manuscripts drew him into the exegetic work, within which he unfolded his Taoist thoughts; Tao turned to the revealed teachings of the immortals through meditation when he run into problems during his Taoist practice. / 程樂松. / Sumitted: 2005年12月[Dec. 2005] / Sumitted: 2005 nian 12 yue [Dec. 2005] / Adviser: Chi-tim Lai. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-09, Section: A, page: . / Thesis (doctoral)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 231-243). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Cheng Lesong.

Contract no. DA36-039-AMC-03200(E).

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My thesis explores the knowledge, subjectivities and work performances that activist social workers bring to their practice in Ontario, Canada during a period of workplace restructuring that includes cuts to services, work intensification, increased surveillance and the evolving discourses of neoliberalism. A key aspect of my dissertation is the exploration of tensions between the attachments, desires and aspirations of the activist social work self and what that self must do every day to get by. I am interested in how it is that social workers produce and maintain their sense of identities – their integrity, ethics and responsibilities as activists – while also managing to navigate the contradictions of restructured workplaces. My aim is to understand not how power in the form of restructuring policies is imposed on people, but rather, how power acts through subjects who find themselves both implicated in, and struggling to resist neoliberal restructuring. My research lens draws on Michel Foucault’s ideas about governmentality and on feminist poststructural, critical race, and postcolonial theories. I use these theories to see neoliberal strategies of rule as working in diffuse ways through social and health service workplaces, encouraging service providers to see themselves as individualized and active subjects responsible for particular performances that enact specific types of change. My research findings reveal that activist social workers respond to neoliberal strategies of rule in multiple ways while constituting themselves through a variety of competing discourses that exist in their lives. Social workers subjectivities appear to be produced through a range of discourses drawn from their family histories, unique biographies and the intersections of socially produced distinctions that are based on gender, race, class, sexuality, age and nationalism. My dissertation traces some of the many ways that social workers position themselves within and beyond the changing context of neoliberalism. In doing so, my research reveals tentative pathways for building critical resistance practices and suggests future social welfare measures that are based on social justice and equity.

My thesis explores the knowledge, subjectivities and work performances that activist social workers bring to their practice in Ontario, Canada during a period of workplace restructuring that includes cuts to services, work intensification, increased surveillance and the evolving discourses of neoliberalism. A key aspect of my dissertation is the exploration of tensions between the attachments, desires and aspirations of the activist social work self and what that self must do every day to get by. I am interested in how it is that social workers produce and maintain their sense of identities – their integrity, ethics and responsibilities as activists – while also managing to navigate the contradictions of restructured workplaces. My aim is to understand not how power in the form of restructuring policies is imposed on people, but rather, how power acts through subjects who find themselves both implicated in, and struggling to resist neoliberal restructuring. My research lens draws on Michel Foucault’s ideas about governmentality and on feminist poststructural, critical race, and postcolonial theories. I use these theories to see neoliberal strategies of rule as working in diffuse ways through social and health service workplaces, encouraging service providers to see themselves as individualized and active subjects responsible for particular performances that enact specific types of change. My research findings reveal that activist social workers respond to neoliberal strategies of rule in multiple ways while constituting themselves through a variety of competing discourses that exist in their lives. Social workers subjectivities appear to be produced through a range of discourses drawn from their family histories, unique biographies and the intersections of socially produced distinctions that are based on gender, race, class, sexuality, age and nationalism. My dissertation traces some of the many ways that social workers position themselves within and beyond the changing context of neoliberalism. In doing so, my research reveals tentative pathways for building critical resistance practices and suggests future social welfare measures that are based on social justice and equity.

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Morphologiestruktur der verschiedenen Sprachperioden im Persischen, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der Wortbildung liegt. Des Weiteren wird der Versuch unternommen, die innere Struktur der Wörter in Bezug auf die Wortbildung auf verschiedenen Zeitebenen zu erforschen und die Wortbildungsmuster zu analysieren.

Background: Regulation (EU) 2019/452 provides a European Union framework for the screening of direct investments from non-EU countries on the grounds of security or public order. It has taken effect for three years; however, Sweden is at a stage of preparatory to enact such a mechanism. This is targeted at foreign direct investments from third-world countries, Chinese companies being one of the main investors in Sweden. However, there are conflicting views on this new regulation and an overall lack of research regarding how the Regulation (EU) 2019/452 may potentially impact Chinese outbound foreign direct investment in Sweden due to the highly dynamic legal and business environment that exists in the EU and China, respectively. Sweden is one of the EU member states that has been attracting Chinese FDI in the past decade – for example, many famous Swedish companies have been acquired partially or wholly, such as Volvo Cars, Volvo AB, Polestar, Oatly, Spotify, Nevs and Acne. Purpose: Our research focus of the relationship between the new EU FDI screening regulation and China outward FDI to EU. As China as a rising player in EU, it is interesting to assess whether Chinese investors are potentially affected by the EU FDI Screening from Sweden point of view.  Method: We are mainly conducting quantitative and qualitative analysis based on the historical 65 M&A cases happened from 2002 to 2019, including 51 Chinese majority acquisitions of Swedish parent companies and 14 minority acquisitions, which these mino­rity holdings are included, as many are large investments and may lead to an investor’s becoming the single largest owner in a company. The identified M&A cases are analysed and categorized according to the Regulation Article 4’s specific requirement. We analyse various aspects to get insights of the potential impacts of the Regulation to China FDI in Sweden. Conclusion:  In Sweden, we believe that the Regulation and the upcoming screening mechanism may not affect Chinese FDI in Sweden drastically due to the changes in Chinese FDI strategy and motivations from cross-border M&A to greenfield investment, and change in the role of Chinese SOEs acquiring from strategic assets to industrial and consumer advance technology. And other inferred likelihood may include, the possibility of circumventing FDI screening through portfolio investment and direct ownership and transfer of technology and assets.

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Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-12-17T11:52:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Ivone Fortunato Laraia.pdf: 1689216 bytes, checksum: bb1aff1784125d849eedf26f1a503a17 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-17T11:52:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Ivone Fortunato Laraia.pdf: 1689216 bytes, checksum: bb1aff1784125d849eedf26f1a503a17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-12-03 / The intermittent labor contract, provided for in the text of article 452-A of the Consolidation of Labor Laws, a mechanism added by labor reform (Law 13467/17), is a contract in which the rendering of service, with subordination, is not continuous, with periods of actual work and inactivity, and can be determined by hour, day or month of work and without a fixed journey. It was conceived to be one of the solutions found for the serious Brazilian economic crisis, since it aims to create jobs, modernize labor laws and increase the competitiveness of Brazilian companies, facing the demands of contemporary capitalism. The intermittent contract, as it was instituted, breaks with the logic of the standard employment bond and contributes to the precariousness of the employment relations, since it allows the use of labor in a discontinuous way; authorizes the payment of salaries lower than the minimum constitutionally guaranteed; violates the principles of human dignity and the social value of work, improves the social status of the worker and offends the right to paid annual leave, at least one third more than the normal salary of the worker, rendering building a free, fair and supportive society, with the eradication of poverty and the reduction of social inequalities, thus failing to promote the welfare of all. This paper presents a proposal for a bill, inspired by Portuguese and Italian legislation, in order to enable the intermittent employee to carry out fundamental social rights, especially human dignity / O contrato de trabalho intermitente, previsto no texto do artigo 452-A da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho, dispositivo acrescido pela reforma trabalhista (Lei 13.467/2017), é um contrato em que a prestação de serviço, com subordinação, não é contínua, havendo períodos de efetivo trabalho e de inatividade, podendo ser determinado por hora, dia ou mês de trabalho e sem uma jornada fixa. Foi concebido para ser uma das soluções encontradas para a grave crise econômica brasileira, pois objetiva a criação de empregos, modernização das leis trabalhistas e o aumento da competitividade das empresas brasileiras, diante das exigências do capitalismo contemporâneo. O contrato intermitente, da forma como foi instituído, rompe com a lógica do vínculo de emprego padrão e contribui para a precarização das relações de emprego, pois permite a utilização da mão de obra de forma descontínua; autoriza o pagamento de salários inferiores ao mínimo constitucionalmente assegurado; viola os princípios da dignidade humana e do valor social do trabalho, da melhoria da condição social do trabalhador e ofende o direito do gozo de férias anuais remuneradas, com, pelo menos, um terço a mais do que o salário normal do trabalhador, inviabilizando a construção de uma sociedade livre, justa e solidária, com erradicação da pobreza e redução das desigualdades sociais, deixando, assim, de promover obem de todos. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se uma proposta de projeto de lei, inspirada nalegislação portuguesa e na italiana, com a finalidade de possibilitar ao empregado intermitente a efetivação dos direitos fundamentais sociais, especialmente a dignidade humana