This study presents a functional approach to the linguistic description of classical Greek reported discourse (RD), as it is used in historiography. forensic oratory and Socratic dialogue. Its main contention is that the definition of RD, its forms, its functions and the distribution of its forms cannot be properly understood without taking into account birth the linguistic and extra-linguistic contexts in which reports are produced and interpreted Chapter 1 defines RD in terms of the pragmatic notions intention and perception, and draws up a framework within which the functions and forms of Greek RD can be described and compared in a way which is not possible with purely syntactic or semantic approaches. Chapter 2 examines the main discourse functions of RD. On the basis of the form of the reporting Signal (έλέγε έλέγεϛ έρώ, etc) several more central and peripheral types of RD are distinguished and assigned their main discourse functions. A similar division is made for reported 'thought'. Chapter 3 describes the formal distinctions between direct and indirect discourse (DD, ID), examining to what extent the two can be separated, devoting, amongst other things, attention to 'past-refering' vuv and a version of the de dicto/de re distinction. It also correlates the formal distinctions between DD and ID with functional d distributional differences between the two forms, arguing that DD is not more verbatim than ID, but that DD is an 'involvement strategy'. Chapter 4 examines the functional differences between formally distinct types of indirect statements, treating in turn past ότί/ώϛ-c1auses with the indicative and oblique optative, the complementizers ότί and ώϛ, the participle, and the infinitive. It is shown that a preference for one type or another is not only tied to the semantics of the matrix predicate, but also determined by the contexts in which ID is used.

Despite the general tendency of Greek to eliminate athematic verbal formations, new athematic -(v)vU/Cv)vti- presents continued to be created up until around the second century A.D. These presents can be divided into two main groups, namely those already attested in Homer and those with a post-Homeric fi rst attestation. The presents already attested in Homer can be divided into three categories, namely inherited presents, Old Formations and New Formations, according mainly to their manner of fo rmation and the coexistence, or not, of cognates in other languages. The inherited presents and the Old Formations were formed according to the patterns we are able to reconstruct for Indo-.European; the difference between them is that the latter do not have cognates in any other language. The New Formations, on the other hand, are built on a general verbal non-ablauting stem common to most forms of their verbal paradigm, including (he sigmatic aoris t. It was acruaUy through their sigmatic aorist that a series of transitive verbs, wru ch for various reasons lacked a present, came to be attracted to a paradigmatic scheme consisting of a sigmatic aorist paired with an athematic -(\I)\lu/(\I)\lU- present. Trus paradigmatic scheme was available exclusively for transitive verbs, offered by both the inherited presents and the Old Formations once Greek had solved a conflict of tran sitivity which originally existed between the primary and the characterized forms derived from semantically intransitive roots. In the present study the conclusion is reached that the creation of new athematic -(\I)\lu/(v)vu- presents was not at odds with the general tendencies underpinning the development of th e Greek verbal system, namely the elimination of athematic forms, because the (semi-)vocalic ending of the nasal suffix func tioned like a thematic vowel rurning the athematic -(\I)\lu/(\I)\lU- presents into a sort of pseudo-athematic fonnation. This conclusion is backed not only by the fact that over 84 % of the forms we have are attested in an actual athematic form, but it is also confirmed by the fact that Greek kept on creating new athematic - (v)v6/('J)vG- presents analogically in post-Homeric times. The coining of the post-Homeric new athematic -(v)vU/(v)vG- presents took place at twO chronologically different stages, the second of which occurs at around the beginning of the Christian era. The second and third volumes contain appendixes with supporting material: Appendix I consists of a catalogue of the athematic -('»v6/(\I)\I,j- present forms attested from Homer to the end of the second century A.D., and Appendix 2 consists of a series of tables in which the material of Appendix I is arranged according to a suitable set of categories.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 22-25, 2001 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / This article presents a measurement system based on the RS-485 interface. The presented system is an alternative solution for distributed measurement systems, which cannot be built using IEEE-488 interface due to distance limitation between elements of the system. The RS-485 interface is a base for communication between measurement instruments and uses a Master-Slave protocol to exchange data between them. One dedicated master device, usually a PC, controls all slave devices connected to the interface. To control measurement devices SCPI language is used. This solution simplifies communication between measurement devices and allows utilizing the HP-VEE environment to control any SCPI devices connected to the RS-485 network.

No description available.

Dielektrické materiály jsou použivány v elektronice i v elektrotechnice. Jako jejich základní vlastnost může považovat změnu jejich charakteristik během jejich životnosti. Změny jsou způsobeny namáhaním materiálu vyvolané elektrickými či teplotími vlivy. Možnost jak určit průběh jejich charakteristik v závislosti na čase je měření proudu během aplikování elektrického napětí na materiál. Tyto experimenty vědci z LEMD provaděli ručně, tento postup ale není přílíš učinný pro vysokofrekvenční signály nebo pro experimenty s dlouhou periodou. Hlavním cílem této práce bylo vytvořit aplikaci v LabVIEW k ovládaní měřícího přístroje Keithley (generátor napětí) a k automatickému získavání měřených hodnot v pikoampérech. Tato aplikace nabízí uživateli různé funkce: - Zadání vystupního napětí. - Vyběr typu průběhu. - Definování délky periody. - Ovládaní přístroje. - Měření proudu, ukládaní dat do souboru vhodného pro jiné aplikace (textový soubor). - Analýzu naměřených dat.

No description available.

This diploma thesis is focused on the study of inverse fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, especially with the regard for the usage of different fluorescent probes and different sized analysed particles. At first, the proper concentration of fluorescent probes was determined. In this concentration is the probe considered as a medium surrounding the analysed particles. Based on this concentration, which was determined as 400 M, several sets of samples were prepared. This samples contained different concentration of polystyrene particles of 100 and 500 nm diameter and multilamellar liposomes. Then, the FCS curves of samples with different fluorescent probes were measured. Fluorescein, rhodamine 6G and Atto 488 were used as fluorescent probes. As a result from experiments, it was found, that particles with 100 nm diameter cannot be analysed with none of the fluorescent probes. Inverse FCS method can be applied to systems, that contains particles with 500 nm diameter and fluorescein. Systems with rhodamine 6G have the same behaviour as typical FCS measurement. It is caused by dimerization of this probe and it cannot be used for 500 nm particles. Liposome samples can be established with iFCS method, but the results are biased by random distribution of liposomes size.

This thesis is focused on diffusion of dyes in biopolymer-based hydrogels. These hydrogels are based on interaction between biopolymer-like electrolytes with oppositely charged surfactants. When polyelectrolytes interact with oppositely charged surfactants, micelle-like nano-containers can be formed. These nano-containers are able of binding hydrophobic compounds. In this study, combination of modified dextran (diethylaminoethyl dextran) with positive charge and oppositely charged sodium dodecylsulphate as surfactant was used for preparation of hydrogels. Next type of hydrogel was based on hyaluronan and positive charged surfactant Septonex (carbethoxypendecinium bromide). As a diffusion probes in hydrogels dyes Nile red and ATTO 488 were used. The diffusion of these dyes from aqeous solutions of NaCl or surfactants into hydrogels was monitored in time. Transport of dyes into structure of hydrogels was characterized by diffusion coefficients and structural parameters of hydrogels.

This diploma thesis deals with study of hydrogels formed by phase separation of hyaluronan with oppositely charged surfactants cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and Septonex. It follows the bachelor thesis and extends the knowledge about the detailed characterisation of the inner environment of the hydrogel by determining the diffusion behaviour of the fluorescent probes Atto 488 and Nile Red using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) technique and its modified version dual-focus fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (2f-FCS). Compared results showed that both methods show similar values and probes specifically interact with CTAB but Atto 488 shows only weak interaction with Septonex compared to Nile Red. Additionally, these interactions were not affected by the molecular weight of hyaluronan. In conclusion, it was recommended to measure this type of hydrogel in a small depth of gel using a conventional method.

LBIC is a technique for scanning the local quantum efficiency of solar cells. This kind of measurements needs a highly specialized, and time critical controlling software. In 1996 the client, professor Markus Rinio, constructed an LBIC system, and wrote the controlling software as a Turbo-Pascal 7.0 application, running under the MS-DOS 6.22 operating system. By now (2018) both the software and several hardware components are in dire need to be modernized. This thesis thoroughly describes several important aspects of this work, and the considerations needed for a successful result. This includes both very foundational choices about the software architecture, the choice of suitable operating system, the threading model, and the adaptation to new hardware with vastly different behavior. The project also included a new hardware module for position reports and instrument triggering, as well as several adaptations to transform the DOS-based LBIC software into a pleasant modern GUI application.