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Ce travail a permis dans un premier temps, l’élaboration de composites semi-conducteurs à base de nanoobjetspossédant des caractéristiques électrochimiques spécifiques en fonction du type d’inclusion (siliciumdopé N ou dopé P et oxydes métalliques, ZnO, SnO2, NiO). Ces composites ont permis d’obtenir avec succèsdes encres de sérigraphie présentant un comportement électrique semi-conducteur qui ont servi à laréalisation d’électrodes par dépôt sur divers supports et notamment des films plastiques souples. Lamodification chimique des supports réalisés a été étudiée en vue de pouvoir utiliser ce type de matériaucomme transducteurs électrochimiques en les intégrant dans des dispositifs de types capteurs et biocapteurs.Dans un second temps, un composite photostructurable conducteur a également été développé en se basantsur la technologie SU-8, et en y incluant des particules de graphite ou des nanoparticules de carbone noir.Ce photocomposite a été par la suite fonctionnalisé avec succès par des dérivés diazonium, tel que lebromobenzène diazonium ou le nitrobenzène diazonium dont les greffages ont été suivis par spectroscopied’impédance. Enfin, le greffage d’oligonucléotides via la chimie des sels d’aryldiazonium a également étéeffectué avec succès et utilisé pour la détection de séquences cibles à des concentrations de 100 pM à 200nM. / The first part of this study report the development of semiconducting composites consisting ofsemiconducting nano-objects (N doped, P doped silicon or metals oxides, ZnO, SnO2, NiO) held together inan insulating polymeric matrix and exhibiting typical semiconductor impedance signals according to thecharge used and with clear differentiation between the two fundamental type of semiconductor, n-type and ptype.This new composites have been used as screen-printing ink. Electrodes on various substrates (PVC,glass) have been successfully prepared following this cost-effective method. Surface functionalization ofthese electrodes by chemicals compounds and biomolecules was studied using impedance spectroscopy andchemiluminescent detection in order to assess their integration as electrochemical transducers in sensorsand biosensors microdevices.The second part of this work consisted in photopatternable conductive composite elaboration using a simpleand straightforward route based on SU-8 epoxy-based negative photoresist matrix mixed with carbon filler.The electrodes, obtained by the classical photolithography method, and after an electrochemical pretreatment,exhibited very good electrochemical behaviors, opening the path to various electrochemicaldetections and grafting possibilities. Finally, the direct electrografting of biomolecules was demonstratedusing aniline modified oligonucleotide probes. The grafted probes were shown to be available for targethybridization and the material compatible with a chemiluminescent detection of the interactions between theimmobilized single stranded DNA and its complementary sequence in a 100 pM to 200 nM range.

This thesis describes investigations into the properties of -phase BEDT-TTF charge transfer salts. Charge transfer salts are mainly studied as they are very useful test beds for fundamental physics due to the tuneability of their proper- ties and ground states. The effects of temperature and pressure on such systems have been studied, as these allow access to a wide range of different states and properties. Transport properties of these systems have been studied to obtain information about the Fermi surface and effective mass, and the effect of deuter- ation and also change of pressure media will be discussed. The interaction of infrared radiation with these systems has also been investigated and simultaneous pressure and temperature measurements will be presented, something not greatly studied due to the large technical challenges. The techniques and approaches for overcoming these are also discussed. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the organic materials themselves with particular emphasis on the actual compounds studied. Chapter 2 provides the necessary theoretical background for studying organic charge transfer salts using magnetic quantum oscillations and their infrared re- ectivity. Chapter 3 covers the experimental techniques and also discusses some of the challenges encountered and their solutions to aid others working in this area. Chapter 4 describes an investigation into the transport properties of - (ET)2Cu(SCN)2 by studying Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations using both deuter- ated and normal samples and using two different pressure media, and comparing it to work done using a third. Chapter 5 presents an investigation into the pressure dependence of selected phonon modes in -(ET)2Cu(SCN)2 using infrared radiation on a deuterated sam- ple. Chapter 6 presents what is believed to be the first pressure and temperature dependent infrared study of an organic molecular material. In this case the or- ganic molecular material is d8--(ET)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br, but the techniques should be readily transferable to other materials.